Johann Trommsdorff
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Johann Bartholomew (Bartholomäus) Trommsdorff (8 May 1770,
Erfurt Erfurt () is the capital (political), capital and largest city of the Central Germany (cultural area), Central German state of Thuringia, with a population of around 216,000. It lies in the wide valley of the Gera (river), River Gera, in the so ...
– 8 March 1837), was a German
chemist A chemist (from Greek ''chēm(ía)'' alchemy; replacing ''chymist'' from Medieval Latin ''alchemist'') is a graduated scientist trained in the study of chemistry, or an officially enrolled student in the field. Chemists study the composition of ...
and
pharmacist A pharmacist, also known as a chemist in English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English, is a healthcare professional who is knowledgeable about preparation, mechanism of action, clinical usage and legislation of medications in ...
noted for his 1805 ''Systematisches Handbuch der Gesammten Chemie'' (Systematic Handbook of the Whole of Chemistry); a work that was published in eight volumes. He was the son of Wilhelm Bernhard Trommsdorff (1738–1782), a pharmacist and a chemistry teacher at the
University of Erfurt The University of Erfurt () is a public university located in Erfurt, the capital city of the German state of Thuringia. It was founded in 1379, and closed in 1816. It was re-established in 1994, three years after German reunification. Therefore ...
. His father died when he was twelve, causing the family financial difficulties. In 1784, Johann began work as an apprentice-pharmacist at the ''Hofapotheke'' in
Weimar Weimar is a city in the state (Germany), German state of Thuringia, in Central Germany (cultural area), Central Germany between Erfurt to the west and Jena to the east, southwest of Leipzig, north of Nuremberg and west of Dresden. Together w ...
under his father's friend Wilhelm Heinrich Sebastian Bucholz and
Johann Friedrich August Göttling Johann Friedrich August Göttling (5 June 1753 – 1 September 1809) was a notable German chemist. Gottling developed and sold chemical assay kits and studied processes for extracting sugar from beetsStettin Szczecin ( , , ; ; ; or ) is the capital and largest city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in northwestern Poland. Located near the Baltic Sea and the German border, it is a major seaport, the largest city of northwestern Poland, and se ...
and
Stargard Stargard (; 1945: ''Starogród'', 1950–2016: ''Stargard Szczeciński''; or ''Stargard an der Ihna''; ) is a city in northwestern Poland, located in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship. In 2021 it was inhabited by 67,293 people. It is situated on ...
, returning to
Erfurt Erfurt () is the capital (political), capital and largest city of the Central Germany (cultural area), Central German state of Thuringia, with a population of around 216,000. It lies in the wide valley of the Gera (river), River Gera, in the so ...
in 1790, where he took charge of his late father's pharmacy, the ''Schwanen-Ring-Apotheke''. In 1795, he became an associate professor at the
University of Erfurt The University of Erfurt () is a public university located in Erfurt, the capital city of the German state of Thuringia. It was founded in 1379, and closed in 1816. It was re-established in 1994, three years after German reunification. Therefore ...
, where he gave lectures in
chemistry Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and chemical compound, compounds made of atoms, molecules a ...
,
mineralogy Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical mineralogy, optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifact (archaeology), artifacts. Specific s ...
and
pharmacy Pharmacy is the science and practice of discovering, producing, preparing, dispensing, reviewing and monitoring medications, aiming to ensure the safe, effective, and affordable use of medication, medicines. It is a miscellaneous science as it ...
-
dispensary A dispensary is an office in a school, hospital, industrial plant, or other organization that dispenses medications, medical supplies, and in some cases even medical and dental treatment. In a traditional dispensary set-up, a pharmacist dispense ...
(''Rezeptierkunst''). Shortly afterwards he founded the ''Chemisch-physikalisch-pharmaceutische Pensionsanstalt für Jünglinge'', an establishment that is considered to be the first pharmaceutical institute in Germany. At the institute, prospective pharmacists were trained in
physics Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge whi ...
, chemistry and pharmacy, and also given instruction in the fields of
botany Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...
,
zoology Zoology ( , ) is the scientific study of animals. Its studies include the anatomy, structure, embryology, Biological classification, classification, Ethology, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinction, extinct, and ...
, mineralogy,
mathematics Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...
and
natural philosophy Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin ''philosophia naturalis'') is the philosophical study of physics, that is, nature and the physical universe, while ignoring any supernatural influence. It was dominant before the develop ...
. More than 300 students attended between 1795 and 1828, helping to train an entire generation of chemical pharmacologists for the German drug industry. Trommsdorff wrote monographs on a variety of chemical and pharmaceutical topics. In 1793, he was involved on the losing side in a scientific debate about the composition of
mercuric oxide Mercury(II) oxide, also called mercuric oxide or simply mercury oxide, is the inorganic compound with the formula Hg O. It has a red or orange color. Mercury(II) oxide is a solid at room temperature and pressure. The mineral form montroydite is ...
, siding with his childhood friend
Friedrich Albrecht Carl Gren Friedrich Albrecht Carl Gren (1 May 1760 – 26 November 1798) was a German chemist and a native of Bernburg. He began his career working in a pharmacy in Bernburg, and later worked as a pharmacist in Offenbach am Main and Erfurt. In 1782, he beg ...
in Halle, and losing the argument to anti-
phlogiston The phlogiston theory, a superseded scientific theory, postulated the existence of a fire-like element dubbed phlogiston () contained within combustible bodies and released during combustion. The name comes from the Ancient Greek (''burnin ...
ist Sigismund Friedrich Hermbstädt in Berlin. Trommsdorff also advocated for the establishment of a unified ''Naturphilosophen'' joining physics, chemistry, and natural history. By the 1800s, however, he had turned predominantly to empirical work. He published extensively, totaling over 400 works in his lifetime. His ''Journal der Pharmacie'' (1794–1834) was the primary periodical in the areas of pharmacy and pharmaceutical chemistry until 1832, when '' Annalen der Pharmacie'' was published by
Justus von Liebig Justus ''Freiherr'' von Liebig (12 May 1803 – 18 April 1873) was a Germans, German scientist who made major contributions to the theory, practice, and pedagogy of chemistry, as well as to agricultural and biology, biological chemistry; he is ...
.


Associated writings

* ''Kurzes Handbuch der Apothekerkunst : zum Gebrauch für Lernende'' . Kaffke, Stettin 179
Digital edition
by the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
* ''Chemische Receptirkunst oder Taschenbuch für practische Aerzte, welche bey dem Verordnen der Arzneyen Fehler in chemischer und pharmaceutischer Hinsicht vermeiden wollen'' . Beyer und Maring, Erfurt 179
Digital edition
by the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
* ''Systematisches Handbuch der gesammten Chemie'' - Systematic textbook of the whole of chemistry
Digital edition (Vol.1-5)
by the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
* ''Systematisches Handbuch der Pharmacie für angehende Aerzte und Apotheker '' 2. Ed. - Wien : Doll, 1816
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
. * ''Chemische Receptirkunst oder Taschenbuch für practische Aerzte, welche bey dem Verordnen der Arzneyen Fehler in chemischer und pharmaceutischer Hinsicht vermeiden wollen''. Beyer und Maring, Erfurt 179
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
. * ''Chemische Receptirkunst oder Taschenbuch für practische raktischeAerzte, welche bey dem Verordnen der Arzneyen Fehler in chemischer und pharmaceutischer Hinsicht vermeiden wollen''. Beyer und Maring, Erfurt Zweite verm. und verb. Ausg. 179
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
. * ''Die Apothekerschule'', 1803 - The apothecary school. * ''Handbuch der pharmaceutischen Waarenkunde : zum Gebrauch für Aerzte, Apotheker und Droguisten''. Henning, Erfurt 179
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
. * ''J. B. Trommsdorffs neues praktisches Arzneybuch für Aerzte, Wundärzte und Apotheker''. Henning, Erfurt 180
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
. * ''Gartenbuch für Aerzte und Apotheker zum Nutzen und Vergnügen mit 1 Kupfertafel'' . Hennings, Erfurt 2.Ausg. 180
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
. * ''Lehrbuch der pharmaceutischen Experimentalchemie nach der neuern Theorie : zum Gebrauch für Ärzte und praktische Apotheker, und als Leitfaden zu Vorlesungen''. 2nd ed. Vollmer, Hamburg 180
Digital edition
/ 3rd ed. Pichler, Wien 180
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
. * ''Neue Pharmacopoe, dem gegenwärtigen Zustande der Arzneikunde und Pharmacologie angemessen : nebst e. Anh., welcher die französische Militärpharmacopoe enthält''. - 2. Aufl. - Erfurt : Henning, 1811
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
. * ''Die Grundsätze der Chemie, mit Berücksichtigung ihrer technischen Anwendung in einer Reihe allgemein faßlicher Vorlesungen entwickelt und durch Versuche erläutert : für Fabrikanten, Künstler und Gewerbtreibende; mit 6 Steindruck-Taf.'' Keyser, Erfurt 182
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
. * ''Oestreichische Pharmacopöe''. 3., verb. Ausg. Erfurt .a.: Henning .a. 1821
Digital edition
of the
University and State Library Düsseldorf The University and State Library Düsseldorf (, abbreviated ULB Düsseldorf) is a central service institution of Heinrich Heine University. Along with Bonn and Münster, it is also one of the three State Libraries of North Rhine-Westphalia. ...
. * ''Der Briefwechsel von Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff (1770–1837)'' by Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff and Dr. Wolfgang Götz - The correspondence of Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff. Works about Trommsdorff * ''Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff (1770–1837) und die Begründung der modernen Pharmazie'',
Leipzig Leipzig (, ; ; Upper Saxon: ; ) is the most populous city in the States of Germany, German state of Saxony. The city has a population of 628,718 inhabitants as of 2023. It is the List of cities in Germany by population, eighth-largest city in Ge ...
, Kommissionsverlag Johann Ambrosius Barth, 1972 - Part of the series: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Universität Erfurt (1392–1816), Heft 16.WorldCat Title
Johann Bartholomäus Trommsdorff (1770–1837) und die Begründung der modernen Pharmazie


References



(biographical information) {{DEFAULTSORT:Trommsdorff, Johann 18th-century German chemists 1770 births 1837 deaths German pharmacists Academic staff of the University of Erfurt 19th-century German chemists