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Johann Daniel Major (16 August 1634, Breslau – 26 July 1693, Stockholm) was a German professor of theoretical
medicine Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, and Health promotion ...
, naturalist, collector and the founder of
museology Museology or museum studies is the study of museums. It explores the history of museums and their role in society, as well as the activities they engage in, including curating, preservation, public programming, and education. Terminology Th ...
. From 1654 to 1658 Johann Daniel Major studied at the
University of Wittenberg Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg (german: Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg), also referred to as MLU, is a public, research-oriented university in the cities of Halle and Wittenberg and the largest and oldest university in ...
and in 1659 graduated as a
magister Magister is Latin for "master" or "teacher". It may refer to: Positions and titles * Magister degree, an academic degree * Magister equitum, or Master of the Horse * Magister militum, a master of the soldiers * Magister officiorum (''master of o ...
medicine at the University of Wittenberg and journeyed to
Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical ...
gaining from the
University of Padua The University of Padua ( it, Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) is an Italian university located in the city of Padua, region of Veneto, northern Italy. The University of Padua was founded in 1222 by a group of students and teachers from ...
another degree for a dissertation "Description of the bird Albatros and other curious observations". From 1661 to 1663 he practiced as a
physician A physician (American English), medical practitioner (Commonwealth English), medical doctor, or simply doctor, is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through th ...
in Wittenberg moving in 1663 to
Hamburg Hamburg (, ; nds, label=Hamburg German, Low Saxon, Hamborg ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (german: Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg; nds, label=Low Saxon, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),. is the List of cities in Germany by popul ...
, where he was a
plague Plague or The Plague may refer to: Agriculture, fauna, and medicine *Plague (disease), a disease caused by ''Yersinia pestis'' * An epidemic of infectious disease (medical or agricultural) * A pandemic caused by such a disease * A swarm of pes ...
physician and wrote medical publications. In 1666 he conducted the first public dissection of a human corpse now in
Kiel Kiel () is the capital and most populous city in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein, with a population of 246,243 (2021). Kiel lies approximately north of Hamburg. Due to its geographic location in the southeast of the Jutland pe ...
. Four years later in 1667 he was appointed supervisor of the
botanic garden A botanical garden or botanic gardenThe terms ''botanic'' and ''botanical'' and ''garden'' or ''gardens'' are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word ''botanic'' is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens, an ...
of the University of Kiel. From 1673 to 1682 he devoted himself to also
antiquities Antiquities are objects from antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean: the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Egypt and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures. Artifacts from earlier periods such as the Meso ...
and natural history making large collections and from 1685 to 1692 founded the Museum of the Cimbrici conducting
archaeological Archaeology or archeology is the scientific study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture. The archaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, sites, and cultural landscape ...
excavations and studying the regions
fauna Fauna is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is ''flora'', and for fungi, it is '' funga''. Flora, fauna, funga and other forms of life are collectively referred to as ''biota''. Zoo ...
and
flora Flora (: floras or florae) is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous (ecology), indigenous) native plant, native plants. The corresponding term for animals is ''fauna'', and for f ...
. Called to Sweden for the treatment of the queen he caught her infection and died. As may be seen from the list of his publications Major was a
polymath A polymath ( el, πολυμαθής, , "having learned much"; la, homo universalis, "universal human") is an individual whose knowledge spans a substantial number of subjects, known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific pro ...
.


Works

*''Übersetzung und Herausgabe René Decartes Explicatio'' (1672) *''Festrede auf Kaiser Leopold zur Befreiung Wiens'' (1684) *''Laurifolia Veneta. Epigramme aus dem Stegreif zum Lobe Venedigs''
Padua Padua ( ; it, Padova ; vec, Pàdova) is a city and ''comune'' in Veneto, northern Italy. Padua is on the river Bacchiglione, west of Venice. It is the capital of the province of Padua. It is also the economic and communications hub of t ...
(1660) *''Epistola de oraculis medicinae'' Wittenberg (1663) *''Prodromus Chirurgiae Infusoriae''
Leipzig Leipzig ( , ; Upper Saxon: ) is the most populous city in the German state of Saxony. Leipzig's population of 605,407 inhabitants (1.1 million in the larger urban zone) as of 2021 places the city as Germany's eighth most populous, as ...
(1664) *''Der ersten Kieler Anatomie vorher angekündigtes Programm über den menschlichen Körper'' Kiel (1666) *''Programm einer Vorlesung über Botanik'' Kiel (1667) *''Memoriale Anatomico-miscellanum'' Kiel (1669) (Description of his anatomy collection); *''Denkschrift über den neu errichteten Botanischen Garten an der Universität Kiel'' Kiel (1669) *''Renati Descartes Explicatio machinarum vel instrumentorum'' Kiel (1672) *''Katalog der Pflanzen'' Kiel (1673) *''Catalogus oder Index Alphabeticus von Kunst, Antiquitäten, Schatz und fürnehmlich Naturalien-Kammern, Conclavia, Musea, Repositoria, oder auch nur kleinere Serinia Rerum Naturalium Selectorum'' Kiel (1674) *''Unvorgreiffliches Bedenken von Kunst und Naturalienkammern insgemein'' Kiel (1674) *''Vorstellung etlicher Kunst und Naturalienkammern in Africa und an den Gränzen Europae'' Kiel (1674) *''Vorstellung etlicher Kunst und Naturalienkammern in America und Asia'' Kiel (1674) *''Vorstellung etlicher Kunst und Naturalienkammern in Italien, zu Neapol und Alt Rom'' Kiel (1675) *''Genius errans sive De Ingeniorum in scientiis abusu dissertatio'' Kiel (1677) *''Der irrende Genius oder über den Missbrauch des Talents in der Wissenschaft'' Kiel (1678) *''Grosser Reichtum zusammengebracht aus den meisten Schätzen der Welt, oder Poetischer Interims Diskurs von Kunst und Naturalien Kammern, einem dergleichen Dinge wohlerfahrenen guten Freude zugeeignet'' Kiel (1679) *''Vermutungen über eine Münze des sächsischen Königs Otto'' Kiel (1682) *''Über Münzen mit griechischen Inschriften'' Kiel (1685) *''Kurzer Vorbericht, betreffend D. Johann Daniel Majors Museum Cimbricum oder insgemein so-gennate Kunst Kammer mit darzugehörigen Conferenz-Saal''
Plön Plön (; Holsatian: ''Plöön'') is the district seat of the Plön district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, and has about 8,700 inhabitants. It lies right on the shores of Schleswig-Holstein's biggest lake, the Great Plön Lake, as well as on ...
(1688) *''Musei Cimbrici cum contentis in eo rebus selectioribus privatim declarandi, Kiel (1689)


References

* Cornelius Steckner: Das Museum Cimbricum von 1688 und die cartesianische "Perfection des Gemüthes". In: A. Grote (Hrsg.) Macrocosmos in Macrocosmo. Die Welt in der Stube. Zur Geschichte des Sammelns 1450 bis 1800. Opladen 1994, S. 603 - 628 * Frank, Horst Joachim: Literatur in Schleswig-Holstein. Von den Anfängen bis 1700. Band I, Neumünster 1995, S.558-563. * Walther Killy: '' Killy Literaturlexikon'': Autoren und Werke deutscher Sprache. (15 Bände) Gütersloh; München: Bertelsmann-Lexikon-Verl. 1988-1991 (CD-ROM Berlin 1998 )
De.Wikisource
{{DEFAULTSORT:Major, Johann Daniel 1634 births 1693 deaths Physicians from Wrocław German naturalists