Johann Paulus Appler (13 June 1892 – 21 December 1978) was a member of the

NSDAP The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right politics, far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that crea ...

(Nazi Party) and

World War I World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was List of wars and anthropogenic disasters by death toll, one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, ...

veteran.

World War I service

Born in 1892, from 1898 to 1912, Appler attended the elementary and advanced training school in Urphertshofen in

Middle Franconia Middle Franconia (german: Mittelfranken, ) is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in the west of Bavaria and borders the state of Baden-Württemberg. The administrative seat is Ansbach; however, ...

. In 1912 he joined the 10th "King" infantry regiment of the

Bavarian Army The Bavarian Army was the army of the Electorate (1682–1806) and then Kingdom (1806–1919) of Bavaria. It existed from 1682 as the standing army of Bavaria until the merger of the military sovereignty (''Wehrhoheit'') of Bavaria into that of ...

and fought in the

First World War World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fig ...

from August 1914 to 1918, where he took part as a

platoon leader {{unreferenced, date=February 2013 A platoon leader (NATO) or platoon commander (more common in Commonwealth militaries and the US Marine Corps) is the officer in charge of a platoon. This person is usually a junior officer – a second or first ...

and received several war awards. In 1920 he was released from the ''

Reichswehr ''Reichswehr'' () was the official name of the German armed forces during the Weimar Republic and the first years of the Third Reich. After Germany was defeated in World War I, the Imperial German Army () was dissolved in order to be reshaped ...

'' and from 1922 to 1935 worked as a Reich finance officer. He also worked until 1928 as a customs officer in the border service, then as a tax secretary in the

Gunzenhausen Gunzenhausen (; bar, Gunzenhausn, link=no) is a town in the Weißenburg-Gunzenhausen district, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Altmühl, northwest of Weißenburg in Bayern, and southwest of Nuremberg. Gunzenhausen is a nationa ...

revenue service A revenue service, revenue agency or taxation authority is a government agency responsible for the intake of government revenue, including taxes and sometimes non-tax revenue. Depending on the jurisdiction, revenue services may be charged with ...

Joining the Nazi Party

Between 1925 and 1928 Appler was a member of the

Völkisch-Social Bloc The Völkisch-Social Bloc ("Völkisch-Sozialer Block" or "Völkisch-Sozialer-Block" or "VSB" or "V-S-B") was a right-wing electoral alliance in post World War I Germany. Its philosophy was loosely aligned with that of the NSDAP (Nazi Party).Extensi ...

, a

right-wing Right-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that view certain social orders and hierarchies as inevitable, natural, normal, or desirable, typically supporting this position on the basis of natural law, economics, autho ...

electoral alliance in post World War I Germany. On 1 August 1928 he joined the

Nazi Party The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (german: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported t ...

(membership number 95.219) and took over the leadership of the

group in the

Gau Franconia Gau Franconia (German: ''Gau Franken'') was an administrative division of Nazi Germany in Middle Franconia, Bavaria, from 1933 to 1945. Before that, from 1929 to 1933, it was the regional subdivision of the Nazi Party in that area. Originally fo ...

region until 1930. He headed the party's district of Gunzenhausen until 1932, then the district there until November 1940. He was also ''Gauredner'' (Speaker) of the party and a member of the SA in the rank of a storm leader. In 1931 Appler founded the SS-group in Gunzenhausen and was its commander as ''

Untersturmführer (, ; short: ''Ustuf'') was a paramilitary rank of the German ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) first created in July 1934. The rank can trace its origins to the older SA rank of '' Sturmführer'' which had existed since the founding of the SA in 1921 ...

''. On 21 January 1933 Appler moved into the Reichstag for politician Wilhelm Stegmann, who had left the parliament. He retained his mandate even after the Nazis seized power in that year, until the end of the war. Already honorary second mayor of Gunzenhausen since 28 April 1933, Appler became first mayor on 1 October 1935 and remained so until April 1945.

Escape, later life and death

According to documents from the central office in

Ludwigsburg Ludwigsburg (; Swabian: ''Ludisburg'') is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, about north of Stuttgart city centre, near the river Neckar. It is the largest and primary city of the Ludwigsburg district with about 88,000 inhabitants. It is ...

, Appler managed to escape to

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = '' Plus ultra'' ( Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , ...

in 1945, from where he left for

Cairo Cairo ( ; ar, القاهرة, al-Qāhirah, ) is the capital of Egypt and its largest city, home to 10 million people. It is also part of the largest urban agglomeration in Africa, the Arab world and the Middle East: The Greater Cairo met ...

Egypt Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Med ...

in 1946. There he converted to Islam and lived under the name Salah Chaffar. After returning to Germany, he was charged with breaching the peace in September 1949 and sentenced to six months in prison, presumably for his significant participation in the ''

Kristallnacht () or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (german: Novemberpogrome, ), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's Sturmabteilung, (SA) paramilitary and Schutzstaffel, (SS) paramilitary forces along ...

'' of 1938. Two further criminal proceedings ended in November 1949 and September 1950 with acquittals. Appler lived in

until his death on 21 December 1978.

References

1892 births 1978 deaths People from Neustadt (Aisch)-Bad Windsheim People from the Kingdom of Bavaria Nazi Party politicians Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany Sturmabteilung officers SS officers German Army personnel of World War I Military personnel of Bavaria German expatriates in Egypt {{Germany-Nazi-politician-stub