Johan Wilhelm Dalman (November 4, 1787, in Hinseberg,

Västmanland Västmanland ( or ) is a historical Swedish province, or , in middle Sweden. It borders Södermanland, Närke, Värmland, Dalarna and Uppland. Västmanland means "West Man Land" or, less literally, "The Land of the Western Men", where the "we ...

– July 11, 1828, in

Stockholm Stockholm (; ) is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, most populous city of Sweden, as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in the Nordic countries. Approximately ...

) was a Swedish

physician A physician, medical practitioner (British English), medical doctor, or simply doctor is a health professional who practices medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring health through the Medical education, study, Med ...

and a

naturalist Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is cal ...

. He first studied at Christiansfeld in

Schleswig-Holstein Schleswig-Holstein (; ; ; ; ; occasionally in English ''Sleswick-Holsatia'') is the Northern Germany, northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical Duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of S ...

then at the

University of Lund Lund University () is a public research university in Sweden and one of Northern Europe's oldest universities. The university is located in the city of Lund in the Swedish province of Scania. The university was officially founded in 1666 on the ...

and the

University of Uppsala Uppsala University (UU) () is a public research university in Uppsala, Sweden. Founded in 1477, it is the oldest university in Sweden and the Nordic countries still in operation. Initially founded in the 15th century, the university rose to s ...

. He was mainly interested in

entomology Entomology (from Ancient Greek ἔντομον (''éntomon''), meaning "insect", and -logy from λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study") is the branch of zoology that focuses on insects. Those who study entomology are known as entomologists. In ...

and

botany Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...

. He received his degree in 1816 then his doctorate in 1817 from the University of Uppsala. Dalman became librarian of the

Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences () is one of the Swedish Royal Academies, royal academies of Sweden. Founded on 2 June 1739, it is an independent, non-governmental scientific organization that takes special responsibility for promoting nat ...

, a member of the Academy in 1821, then director of the zoological garden, then demonstrator in botany at the

Karolinska Institutet The Karolinska Institute (KI; ; sometimes known as the (Royal) Caroline Institute in English) is a research-led medical university in Solna within the Stockholm urban area of Sweden and one of the foremost medical research institutes globally. ...

of Stockholm. Dalman's main interest lay in entomology and botany, but he also became involved in the systematics and taxonomy of

trilobites Trilobites (; meaning "three-lobed entities") are extinct marine arthropods that form the class Trilobita. One of the earliest groups of arthropods to appear in the fossil record, trilobites were among the most successful of all early animals, ...

. In 1771 Johann Ernst Immanuel Walch (1725-1778) first used the term trilobite. Researchers had tried to link trilobites to extant groups such as

chitons Chitons () are marine (ocean), marine molluscs of varying size in the class (biology), class Polyplacophora ( ), formerly known as Amphineura. About 940 Extant taxon, extant and 430 fossil species are recognized. They are also sometimes known ...

and various arthropods. Before Walch’s work this had led to great confusion. By 1820 the term “trilobite” was widely used, except by Dalman who suggested the term “palaeades”. Dalman had drawn attention to the weakly defined axial furrows in the

Ordovician The Ordovician ( ) is a geologic period and System (geology), system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era (geology), Era, and the second of twelve periods of the Phanerozoic Eon (geology), Eon. The Ordovician spans 41.6 million years f ...

trilobite '' Nileus''. The trilobite genus '' Dalmanites'' in the order

Phacopida Phacopida ("lens-face") is an order of trilobites that lived from the Late Cambrian to the Late Devonian. It is made up of a morphologically diverse assemblage of taxa in three related suborders. Characteristics Phacopida had 8 to 19 thoraci ...

was named in his honour. ''Dalmanites'' was widespread during the

and

Silurian The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 23.5 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the third and shortest period of t ...

. He was the author of ''De narcoticis observations'' (1816), ''Förteckning paa Skrifter i medicinska vetenskaperna, samt i kemi och Naturalhistorie, utgifne i Sverige åren 1817, 1818 and 1819'' (1820), ''Om Palaeaderna, eller de så kallade Trilobiterna'' (1827) and very many works on entomology. Entomology 1821-1825 *1818, Några nya Genera och Species af Insecter beskrifna. ''Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar'' 39:69-89 *Försök till Uppställning af Insect-familjen Pteromalini, i synnerhet med afseen de på de i Sverige funne Arter. ''Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar'' 41(1):123-174, 177-182, tab VII-VIII *1820, Försök till Uppställning af Insect-familjen Pteromalini, i synnerhet med afseen de på de i Sverige funne Arter. (Fortsättning) ''Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar'' 41(2):340-385 *1822, Fortsättning af Svenska Pteromalinernes beskrifning. ''Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar'' 43:394-403 *1823, ''Analeceta Entomologica'' :viii+108pp, 4 pls Stockholm *1825, Om några Svenska arter af Coccus, samt de inuti dem förekommande parasit Insekter. ''Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar'' 46:350-374

References

*Evenhuis, N. L., 1997 ''Litteratura taxonomica dipterorum'' (1758-1930). Volume 1 (A-K); Volume 2 (L-Z). 1; 2 Leiden, Backhuys Publishers, VII+1-426; 427-871.189-190 Portrait *Hummel, 1829 alman, J. W.''Kongl. Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar. För År ...'', Stockholm 1829:224, 231 *Musgrave, A., 1932 ''Bibliography of Australian Entomology'' 1775 - 1930. Sydney {{DEFAULTSORT:Dalman, Johann Wilhelm Swedish entomologists Swedish lepidopterists 19th-century Swedish physicians Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Academic staff of the Karolinska Institute 1787 births 1828 deaths