Johan Barthold Jongkind (; 3 June 1819 – 9 February 1891) was a Dutch

painter Painting is a Visual arts, visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called "matrix" or "Support (art), support"). The medium is commonly applied to the base with ...

and

printmaker Printmaking is the process of creating artworks by printing, normally on paper, but also on fabric, wood, metal, and other surfaces. "Traditional printmaking" normally covers only the process of creating prints using a hand processed technique ...

. He painted marine landscapes in a free manner and is regarded as a forerunner of

impressionism Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...

Biography

Johan_Barthold_Jongkind_-_Overschie_bij_maneschijn

Johan Barthold Jongkind The Seine and Notre-Dame in Paris

Jongkind was born in the town of Lattrop in the

Overijssel Overijssel (; ; ; ) is a Provinces of the Netherlands, province of the Netherlands located in the eastern part of the country. The province's name comes from the perspective of the Prince-Bishopric of Utrecht, Episcopal principality of Utrecht ...

province of the

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

near the border with

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

. Trained at the art academy in

The Hague The Hague ( ) is the capital city of the South Holland province of the Netherlands. With a population of over half a million, it is the third-largest city in the Netherlands. Situated on the west coast facing the North Sea, The Hague is the c ...

under Andreas Schelfhout, in 1846 he moved to

Montparnasse Montparnasse () is an area in the south of Paris, France, on the left bank of the river Seine, centred at the crossroads of the Boulevard du Montparnasse and the Rue de Rennes, between the Rue de Rennes and boulevard Raspail. It is split betwee ...

Paris, France Paris () is the Capital city, capital and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of France. With an estimated population of 2,048,472 residents in January 2025 in an area of more than , Paris is the List of ci ...

where he studied under Eugène Isabey and

François-Édouard Picot François-Édouard Picot (; 10 October 1786 – 15 March 1868) was a French painter during the July Monarchy, painting mythological, religious and historical subjects. Life Born in Paris, Picot studied with François-André Vincent and Jacq ...

. Two years later, the

Paris Salon The Salon (), or rarely Paris Salon (French: ''Salon de Paris'' ), beginning in 1667 was the official art exhibition of the in Paris. Between 1748 and 1890 it was arguably the greatest annual or biennial art event in the Western world. At the ...

accepted his work for its exhibition, and he received acclaim from critic

Charles Baudelaire Charles Pierre Baudelaire (, ; ; 9 April 1821 – 31 August 1867) was a French poet, essayist, translator and art critic. His poems are described as exhibiting mastery of rhythm and rhyme, containing an exoticism inherited from the Romantics ...

and later on from

Émile Zola Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola (, ; ; 2 April 184029 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of Naturalism (literature), naturalism, and an important contributor to ...

. He was to experience little success, however, and he suffered bouts of depression complicated by

alcoholism Alcoholism is the continued drinking of alcohol despite it causing problems. Some definitions require evidence of dependence and withdrawal. Problematic use of alcohol has been mentioned in the earliest historical records. The World He ...

. Jongkind returned to live in

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , ; ; ) is the second-largest List of cities in the Netherlands by province, city in the Netherlands after the national capital of Amsterdam. It is in the Provinces of the Netherlands, province of South Holland, part of the North S ...

in 1855, and remained there until 1860.Oxford Art Online: "Johan Barthold Jongkind" Back in Paris, in 1861 he rented a studio on the ''rue de Chevreuse'' in

where some of his paintings began to show glimpses of the

Impressionist Impressionism was a 19th-century art movement characterized by visible brush strokes, open Composition (visual arts), composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its changing qualities (often accentuating the effects of the passage ...

style to come. In 1862 he met in

Normandy Normandy (; or ) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical Duchy of Normandy. Normandy comprises Normandy (administrative region), mainland Normandy (a part of France) and insular N ...

, in the famous '' ferme Saint-Siméon'' in

Honfleur Honfleur () is a commune in the Calvados department in northwestern France. It is located on the southern bank of the estuary of the Seine across from Le Havre and very close to the exit of the Pont de Normandie. The people that inhabit Hon ...

, with some of his artist friends, such as

Alfred Sisley Alfred Sisley (; ; 30 October 1839 – 29 January 1899) was an Impressionist landscape painter who was born and spent most of his life in France, but retained British citizenship. He was the most consistent of the Impressionists in his dedic ...

Eugène Boudin Eugène Louis Boudin (; 12 July 1824 – 8 August 1898) was one of the first French landscape painters to paint outdoors. Boudin was a marine painter, and expert in the rendering of all that goes upon the sea and along its shores. His pastels, ...

, and the young

Claude Monet Oscar-Claude Monet (, ; ; 14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a French painter and founder of Impressionism painting who is seen as a key precursor to modernism, especially in his attempts to paint nature as he perceived it. During his ...

, to all of whom Jongkind served as a mentor. Monet later referred to him as "...a quiet man with such a talent that is beyond words" and credited the "definitive education" of his own eye to Jongkind.Boorsch & Marciari, p. 246. In 1863 Jongkind exhibited at the first

Salon des Refusés The Salon des Refusés, French for "exhibition of rejects" (), is generally known as an exhibition of works rejected by the jury of the official Paris Salon, but the term is most famously used to refer to the Salon des Refusés of 1863. Today, ...

. He was invited to participate in the first exhibition of the Impressionist group in 1874, now known as the

First Impressionist Exhibition The First Impressionist Exhibition was an art exhibition held by the , a group of nineteenth-century artists who had been rejected by the official Paris Salon (Paris), Salon and pursued their own venue to exhibit their artworks. The exhibition wa ...

, but he declined. In 1878, Jongkind and his companion Joséphine Fesser moved to live in the small town of La Côte-Saint-André near

Grenoble Grenoble ( ; ; or ; or ) is the Prefectures in France, prefecture and List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants, largest city of the Isère Departments of France, department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Regions of France, region ...

in the

Isère Isère ( , ; ; , ) is a landlocked Departments of France, department in the southeastern French Regions of France, region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère (river), Isère, it had a population of 1,271,166 in 2019.

département In the administrative divisions of France, the department (, ) is one of the three levels of government under the national level (" territorial collectivities"), between the administrative regions and the communes. There are a total of 101 ...

in the southeast of France. He died in 1891 in Saint-Égrève, in the same département. He is buried in the cemetery of La Côte-Saint-André. Streets are named after him in some Dutch town quarters dedicated to 19th- and 20th-century Dutch painters, for example Overtoomse Veld-Noord in Amsterdam and De Vijfhoek in Deventer, as well as in Grenoble in France.

Commemoration

On 2 June 2019, a statue of Jongkind made by Dutch sculptor Rob Houdijk was unveiled in the Duifpolder between

Maassluis Maassluis () is a town in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland. The municipality had a population of in and covered of which was water. It received town rights in 1811. History Maassluis was founded circa 1340 as a se ...

and

Vlaardingen Vlaardingen () is a large town and List of municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality in South Holland in the Netherlands. It is located on the north bank of the Nieuwe Maas river at the confluence with the Oude Maas. The municipality admin ...

alongside the Vlaardingertrekvaart canal, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth. At this spot, Jongkind must have made preparatory sketches of the ''Rechthuis van Zouteveen'' for his later etching "The two sailboats" from 1862.

Subject and style

Jongkind's most frequent subject was the marine landscape, which he painted both in the Netherlands and in France. Many of his works depict the

Seine The Seine ( , ) is a river in northern France. Its drainage basin is in the Paris Basin (a geological relative lowland) covering most of northern France. It rises at Source-Seine, northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plat ...

, particularly the area near

Notre-Dame de Paris Notre-Dame de Paris ( ; meaning "Cathedral of Our Lady of Paris"), often referred to simply as Notre-Dame, is a Medieval architecture, medieval Catholic cathedral on the Île de la Cité (an island in the River Seine), in the 4th arrondissemen ...

cathedral. He painted watercolors out-of-doors, and used them as sketches for oil paintings made in his studio. His paintings are characterized by vigorous brushwork and strong contrasts. Like the 17th-century Dutch landscape painters of the Golden Age of Dutch painting, he typically composed his landscapes with a low horizon, allowing the sky to dominate.

Selected paintings

File:View from the Quai d'Orsay MET DT5338.jpg, '' View from the Quai d'Orsay'', 1854 File:Johan Barthold Jongkind 010.jpg, ''La Ciotat'', 1880 File:Johan Barthold Jongkind - Rue Notre-Dame, Parijs.jpg, ''Rue Nôtre-Dame, Paris'', 1866 File:Johan Barthold Jongkind 009.jpg, ''Ice Skaters'', 1866 File:Johan Barthold Jongkind 008.jpg, ''Sunset near Overschie'', 1867 File:Johan Barthold Jongkind 003.jpg, ''Landschaft'', date unknown File:Jongkind HollandBoatsMill.jpg, ''In Holland; Boats near the Mill'', 1868 File:Johan Barthold Jongkind, The Pont Neuf.jpg, alt=The Pont Neuf, 1849-1850 ''The Pont Neuf'', 1849-1850 File:Johan Bartold Jongkind - Fishing Boat.jpg, ''Fishing Boat'', 1878 Jongkind's paintings, prints, and sketches are exhibited in museums worldwide including Museum Rotterdam,

Rijksmuseum Twenthe The Rijksmuseum Twenthe in Enschede, the Netherlands, was founded in 1927 by textile industry Baron Jan Bernard Van Heek. He donated his own private collection and the museum building to the government, thus making it a national museum. The muse ...

Petit Palais The (; ) is an art museum in the 8th arrondissement of Paris, France. Built for the Exposition Universelle (1900), 1900 Exposition Universelle ("universal exhibition"), it now houses the City of Paris Museum of Fine Arts (''Musée des beaux-arts ...

in Paris, the

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art, colloquially referred to as the Met, is an Encyclopedic museum, encyclopedic art museum in New York City. By floor area, it is the List of largest museums, third-largest museum in the world and the List of larg ...

in New York City, the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston, the

Art Institute of Chicago The Art Institute of Chicago, founded in 1879, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the United States. The museum is based in the Art Institute of Chicago Building in Chicago's Grant Park (Chicago), Grant Park. Its collection, stewa ...

, the

National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of more than 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current di ...

in London, the

National Museum A national museum can be a museum maintained and funded by a national government. In many countries it denotes a museum run by the central government, while other museums are run by regional or local governments. In the United States, most nati ...

in Kraków, and the .

Bibliographies

* Ankelle, Daniel (2011): ''Johan Jonkind: 75 Impressionist Paintings - Impressionisme'', Angelke Publishing LLC, ASIN: B005VU2H1Y. * Auffret, François (2003): ''Jongkind 1819-1891'' - Biographie Illustrée, Maisonneuve et Larose, Paris, . * Czymmek, Götz, Jaques Foucart John Sillevis u. a. (2004): ''Johan Barthold Jongkind: Ein Wegbereiter des Impressionismus'', Ausstellungskatalog Richartz Wallraf Museum, Köln, . *Hefting, Victorine (1975). ''Jongkind—sa vie, son œuvre, son époque''. Paris: Arts et métiers graphiques. * Patin, Sylvie (2014): ''Jongkind - une Fascination pour La Lumière'', Édition des Falaises, Rouen, . * Sillevis, John (2003): ''Jongkind Paintings'', Bibliothèque De L'image, Paris, . *Stein, Adolphe. ''Jongkind—catalogue critique de l'oeuvre''. (2003 volume 1) Paris: Brame & Lorenceau. .

Notes

References

* Boorsch, Suzanne, and John Marciari (2006). ''Master Drawings from the Yale University Art Gallery''. Yale University Press. *Hefting, Victorine. "Johan Barthold Jongkind", Oxford Art Online *University of California, Riverside, Los Angeles County Museum, & University of California, Riverside. (1974). ''The Impressionists and the Salon (1874-1886) honoring the centennial of the first impressionist exhibition: California collections''. Riverside, Calif.

External links

Association of the Friends of Jongkind (Société des amis de Jongkind)

Biography of Johann Jongkind
(includes a selection of his paintings)
In the Steps of Jongkind in the Dauphiné (Dans les pas de Jongkind en Dauphiné)

Biography notes and dates of Jongkind
in the Dutch R.K.D. Archive, The Hague
Many free images of paintings, drawings and prints of Jongkind
in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jongkind, Johan 1819 births 1891 deaths 19th-century Dutch painters 19th-century printmakers Dutch expatriates in France Dutch Impressionist painters Dutch male painters Dutch marine artists Dutch printmakers People from Lattrop 19th-century Dutch male artists