Job 29
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Job 29 is the 29th
chapter Chapter or Chapters may refer to: Books * Chapter (books), a main division of a piece of writing or document * Chapter book, a story book intended for intermediate readers, generally age 7–10 * Chapters (bookstore), Canadian big box bookstore ...
of the
Book of Job The Book of Job (), or simply Job, is a book found in the Ketuvim ("Writings") section of the Hebrew Bible and the first of the Poetic Books in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. The language of the Book of Job, combining post-Babylonia ...
in the
Hebrew Bible The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (;"Tanach"
. '' Old Testament The Old Testament (OT) is the first division of the Christian biblical canon, which is based primarily upon the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible, or Tanakh, a collection of ancient religious Hebrew and occasionally Aramaic writings by the Isr ...
of the
Christian A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the wo ...
Bible The Bible is a collection of religious texts that are central to Christianity and Judaism, and esteemed in other Abrahamic religions such as Islam. The Bible is an anthology (a compilation of texts of a variety of forms) originally writt ...
.Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012. The book is anonymous; most scholars believe it was written around 6th century BCE. This chapter records the speech of
Job Work, labor (labour in Commonwealth English), occupation or job is the intentional activity people perform to support the needs and desires of themselves, other people, or organizations. In the context of economics, work can be seen as the huma ...
, which belongs to the Dialogue section of the book, comprising Job 3:131:40.


Text

The original text is written in
Hebrew language Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and remained in regular use as a first language unti ...
. This chapter is divided into 25 verses.


Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in
Hebrew Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic languages, Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and ...
are of the
Masoretic Text The Masoretic Text (MT or 𝕸; ) is the authoritative Hebrew and Aramaic text of the 24 books of the Hebrew Bible (''Tanakh'') in Rabbinic Judaism. The Masoretic Text defines the Jewish canon and its precise letter-text, with its vocaliz ...
, which includes the
Aleppo Codex The Aleppo Codex () is a medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible. The codex was written in the city of Tiberias in the tenth century CE (circa 920) under the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate, and was endorsed for its accuracy by Maimonides. ...
(10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008). There is also a translation into
Koine Greek Koine Greek (, ), also variously known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the koiné language, common supra-regional form of Greek language, Greek spoken and ...
known as the
Septuagint The Septuagint ( ), sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy (), and abbreviated as LXX, is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Biblical Hebrew. The full Greek ...
, made in the last few centuries BC; some extant ancient manuscripts of this version include
Codex Vaticanus The Codex Vaticanus ( The Vatican, Bibl. Vat., Vat. gr. 1209), is a manuscript of the Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Old Testament and the majority of the New Testament. It is designated by siglum B or 03 in the Gregory-Aland numb ...
(B; \mathfrakB; 4th century),
Codex Sinaiticus The Codex Sinaiticus (; Shelfmark: London, British Library, Add MS 43725), also called the Sinai Bible, is a fourth-century Christian manuscript of a Greek Bible, containing the majority of the Greek Old Testament, including the deuterocanonica ...
(S; BHK: \mathfrakS; 4th century), and
Codex Alexandrinus The Codex Alexandrinus (London, British Library, Royal MS 1. D. V-VIII) is a manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early ...
(A; \mathfrakA; 5th century).


Analysis

The structure of the book is as follows: *The Prologue (chapters 1–2) *The Dialogue (chapters 3–31) *The Verdicts (32:1–42:6) *The Epilogue (42:7–17) Within the structure, chapter 29 is grouped into the Dialogue section with the following outline: *Job's Self-Curse and Self-Lament (3:1–26) *Round One (4:1–14:22) *Round Two (15:1–21:34) *Round Three (22:1–27:23) *Interlude – A Poem on Wisdom (28:1–28) *Job's Summing Up (29:1–31:40) **Job's Former Prosperity (29:1–25) ***Job's Former Blessings (29:1–6) ***Job's Former Honor (29:7–10) ***Job's Former Role in Administering Justice (29:11–17) ***Job's Expectation of Ongoing Peace (29:18–20) ***Job's Prominence in the Community (29:21–25) **Job's Present Suffering (30:1–31) ***How Job Would Have Viewed His Mockers (30:1–8) ***The Attacks of His Enemies (30:9–15) ***God Is Causing His Present Sufferings (30:16–19) ***Accusing God (30:20–23) ***Withdrawing into Despair (30:24–31) **Job's Final Defense (31:1–40) ***His Rejection of Lust (31:1–4) ***His Denial of Falsehood and Deceit (31:5–8) ***His Avoidance of Adultery (31:9–12) ***His Care for His Servants (31:13–15) ***His Righteousness in Dealing with the Poor and Marginalized (31:16–23) ***His Refusal to Worship Money or Other Gods (31:24–28) ***Not Guilty of a Variety of Wrongs (31:29–34) ***The Call for God to Answer (31:35–37) ***His Right Treatment of the Land (31:38–40) The Dialogue section is composed in the format of poetry with distinctive syntax and grammar. At the end of the Dialogue, Job sums up his speech in a comprehensive review (chapters 29–31), with Job 29 describes Job's former prosperity, Job 30 focuses on Job's current suffering and Job 31 outlines Job's final defense. The whole part is framed by Job's longing for a restored relationship with God (Job 29:2) and the legal challenge to God (Job 31:35–27). Chapter 29 begins with the description of Job's former experience of his relationship with God in his family and personal circumstances (verses 2–6), then his former honorable place in the community (verses 7–10) as he actively worked for justice (verses 11–17), followed by the section comprising verses 18–20 that shows Job's expectation of ongoing peace, then closed by a summary of Job's former prominence as a respected leader in the community.


Job's former blessings, honor and public role (29:1–20)

The section starts with Job reminiscing "the day when God watched over me", which he puts before his own prosperity (verse 2), before his full family (verse 5) or abundant materials (verse 6), so it is Job's friendship with God that Job desperately misses. Before his suffering, Job assumed a respected public profile (verse 7) with people young and old acknowledging his wisdom (verse 8) that even "princes" and "nobles" stop speaking as soon as Job started to speak (verse 9–10). There is a list of Job's just actions in the community, especially towards the poor and marginalized (verses 12–16), depicting him as the wise ruler of Proverbs (Proverbs 28:4–6. 15–16; 31:4–5). Job describes his expectation in his former life of a peaceful and fulfilling situation (verses 18.–20).


Verse 6

: ob said:''"when my steps were washed with butter,'' ::''and the rock poured out for me streams of oil!"'' *"Butter" or "cream" (NKJV) or "curds" (cf. Job 21:17). *"The rock poured out": referring to olive trees that thrive in rocky soil, and the oil presses that are cut into the rock. This is a picture of God's limitless blessing on Job (cf. YHWH's provision of Israel in Deuteronomy 32:13).


Job's prominence in the community (29:21–25)

This section rounds up Job's summary of his former life, picking up some concepts in verses 7–10, mainly about his position in the community. Job's advice was very respected that it usually becomes the outcome of ending discussion, described as "final and life-giving". However, Job also involves in the lives of others, acting in genuine care for the people.


Verse 25

: ob said:''"I chose their way and sat as chief,'' ::''and I lived like a king among his troops,'' ::''like one who comforts mourners.’"'' ESV Job's final recollection of his past is how he was deeply loved and well-respected just like a king, who comforts mourning people, a stark contrast to the treatment of his friends to him now when he was mourning.


See also

*Related
Bible The Bible is a collection of religious texts that are central to Christianity and Judaism, and esteemed in other Abrahamic religions such as Islam. The Bible is an anthology (a compilation of texts of a variety of forms) originally writt ...
parts:
Job 1 Job 1 is the first chapter of the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012. The book is anonymous; most scholars believe it ...
, Job 21,
Job 42 Job 42 is the 42nd (and the final) chapter of the Book of Job in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012. The book is anonymous; most scho ...


References


Sources

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External links

*
Jewish Jews (, , ), or the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group and nation, originating from the Israelites of History of ancient Israel and Judah, ancient Israel and Judah. They also traditionally adhere to Judaism. Jewish ethnicity, rel ...
translations: *
Iyov - Job - Chapter 29 (Judaica Press)
translation ith Rashi's commentary">Rashi.html" ;"title="ith Rashi">ith Rashi's commentaryat Chabad.org *
Christian A Christian () is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a Monotheism, monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus in Christianity, Jesus Christ. Christians form the largest religious community in the wo ...
translations: *
''Online Bible'' at GospelHall.org
(ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
Book of Job Chapter 29
Various versions * Various versions {{DEFAULTSORT:Job 29 Book of Job chapters">29