Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County (), usually referred to as Jingzhou County () or abbreviated just as Jingzhou, is an

autonomous county Autonomous counties () and autonomous banners () are Counties of China, county-level autonomous administrative divisions of China. Autonomous counties tend to have a large number of ethnic minority citizens compared to ordinary counties (if not ...

of Miao and Dong peoples in Hunan Province, China, the county is under the administration of the

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's ...

Huaihua Huaihua () is a prefecture-level city in the southwest of Hunan province, China. It is known as the "Western Gate" of Hunan and is the largest prefecture-level city in the province.It covers and is bordered by Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous P ...

. It was known as "Jing County" (), renamed to the present name on February 19, 1987. Jingzhou is located on the southwestern margin of Hunan Province, adjacent to Guizhou Province. It borders Jinping, Liping and Tianzhu Counties of Guizhou to the west, Tongdao County to the south, Suining County to the east, and

Huitong County Huitong County ( zh, t=會同縣 , s=会同县 , p=Huìtóng Xiàn) is a county of Hunan Province, China. It is under the administration of Huaihua Prefecturel-level City. Huitong County covers . As of 2015, it had a registered population of 365,8 ...

to the north. The county covers , and as of 2015, it had a registered population of 271,403 and a resident population of 253,000. o
ahmhxc.com
/ref> The county has six

towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

and five townships under its jurisdiction, and the

county seat A county seat is an administrative center, seat of government, or capital city of a county or parish (administrative division), civil parish. The term is in use in five countries: Canada, China, Hungary, Romania, and the United States. An equiva ...

is the town of Quyang ()., also see o
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/ref>

Etymology

The name "Jingzhou" appears on official papers dated 1103, when the local leader Yang Shengzhen () has allegiance to the Song Empire (960–1279). "Jing" means "pacify" and "zhou" means "prefecture".

History

According to the unearthed cultural relics, human habitation in Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County dates back the Paleolithic Age. During the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties (2070 BC–256 BC), it belonged to Jingzhou (). During the

Spring and Autumn period The Spring and Autumn period () was a period in History of China, Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject t ...

(722 BC–476 BC), Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County was under the rule of the state of Chu (1115 BC–223 BC). The

Qin dynasty The Qin dynasty ( ) was the first Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China. It is named for its progenitor state of Qin, a fief of the confederal Zhou dynasty (256 BC). Beginning in 230 BC, the Qin under King Ying Zheng enga ...

(221 BC–207 BC) unified China in 221 BC. With the implementation of the system of prefectures and counties, Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County belonged to Qianzhongjun (). From the

Han dynasty The Han dynasty was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC ...

(206 BC–220 AD) to Western Jin dynasty (265–317), it came under the jurisdiction of Tancheng County () of Wulingjun (). The territory of Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County has been governed by the Eastern Jin dynasty (317–420),

Liu Song dynasty Song, known as Liu Song (), Former Song (前宋) or Song of (the) Southern dynasties (南朝宋) in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties peri ...

(420–479), Southern Qi dynasty (479–502),

Liang dynasty The Liang dynasty (), alternatively known as the Southern Liang () or Xiao Liang () in historiography, was an imperial dynasty of China and the third of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period. It was pre ...

(502–557) and

Chen dynasty The Chen dynasty (), alternatively known as the Southern Chen (南陳 / 南朝陳) in historiography, was a Dynasties in Chinese history, Chinese imperial dynasty and the fourth and last of the Northern and Southern dynasties#Southern dynasties, ...

(557–589). In 581,

Emperor Wen of Sui Emperor Wen of Sui (; 21 July 541 – 13 August 604), personal name Yang Jian (), Xianbei name Puliuru Jian (), was the founding Emperor of China, emperor of the Chinese Sui dynasty. As a Buddhist, he encouraged the spread of Buddhism through ...

established the Sui Empire (581–618), it was under the jurisdiction of Longbiao County () of Yuanlingjun (). In the

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, c=唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an Wu Zhou, interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed ...

(618–907), it was under the jurisdiction of Langxi County () of Xuzhou (). In 911, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (907–960), Ma Yin commissioned Lü Shizhou () to conquer the region, the local leader Yang Zaisi led the army to surrender. But Yang's descendants set up a self-government authority in the region soon. In 1076, Emperor Shenzong of Song sent soldiers to seize the region and established "Chengzhou" () in 1081. In the next year, the imperial court established Quyang County () out of Yuanzhou () and it used to be in the territory of Chengzhou. In 1103, the local leader Yang Shengzhen () has allegiance to the Song Empire (960–1279) and the imperial court renamed the region "Jingzhou" (). In 1138, Quyang County was renamed Yongping County (). The ''zhou'' (prefecture) ruled three counties including Yongping, Huitong and Tongdao. From 1167 to 1176, the exploitation and injustice policy sparked off a major rebellion. The Mongol Yuan Empire (1271–1368) set up province system to maintain control of the vast region. Jingzhou was renamed Jingzhoulu (). In 1346, Wu Tianbao () and Yang Liuzong (), both headers of

Miao people Miao is a word that the Chinese use to designate some ethnic minority groups living in southern China and Mainland Southeast Asia. Miao is thus officially recognized by the Chinese government as one of the largest ethnic minority groups that h ...

, rose up in national rebellion against Mongol occupation. The central government put down the rebellion three years later. In the

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...

(1368–1644), Jingzhou ruled four counties including Huitong, Tongdao, Suining and Tianzhu. In the

Manchu The Manchus (; ) are a Tungusic peoples, Tungusic East Asian people, East Asian ethnic group native to Manchuria in Northeast Asia. They are an officially recognized Ethnic minorities in China, ethnic minority in China and the people from wh ...

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

(1644–1911), Jingzhou came under the jurisdiction of Hunan-Guangdong Provinces (). In 1698, Wu Guangdan (), a header of Li people, staged a massive uprising and killed the local military leader Li Chenggong (). The

(1644–1911) collapsed in 1911 and was replaced by the

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

. Jingzhou was changed to a county named "Jing County" () and belonged to Hunan Province. In March 1950, the CPC Jing County Committee was founded and Guo Zhiquan () served as the Party chief. In October, the People's Government of Jing County was set up. Li Shu () was appointed county magistrate and Cao Zhenjia () and Ming Yilun () were appointed deputy county magistrate. It was under the jurisdiction of Huitong Zhuanqu () from January 1950 to August 1952, Zhijiang Zhuanqu () from August 1952 to December 1952 and Qianyang Zhuanqu () from December 1952 to March 1959. On March 28, 1959, Jing County and Tongdao County merged into one named "Tongdao County". On July 1, 1961, Jing County was split from Tongdao County. In June 1981, Qianyang Zhuanqu was renamed " Huaihua Diqu" (), Jing County belonged to it. On February 19, 1987, the Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County was set up with the approval of the State Council.

Administrative divisions

As of October 2015, Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County has five townships and six towns under its jurisdiction. The county seat is the town of Quyang.

Geography

Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County is located in the western Hunan province and southern Huaihua city. The county has a combined area of . The county shares a border with the counties of Jinpin, Liping and Tianzhu to the west, Suining County to the east,

to the north, and Tongdao Dong Autonomous County to the south. The eastern and western sides of the county are mountainous areas, with basins in the middle and

hill A hill is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain. It often has a distinct summit, and is usually applied to peaks which are above elevation compared to the relative landmass, though not as prominent as Mountain, mountains. Hills ...

s in the north.

Climate

Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County is in the subtropical monsoon climate zone, with an average annual temperature of , total annual rainfall of , a frost-free period of 290 days and annual average sunshine hours in 1336 hours.

Rivers

There are 101 rivers and streams in the county. The Qushui River () is the largest river in the county and it has 42 tributaries.

Lakes and reservoirs

There are 50 reservoirs and lakes in Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County.

Mountains

There are more than nine mountains over above sea level in this county. Mount Qingdian () is the highest point in the county, which, at above sea level. The lowest point is Lack Xian (), which stands above sea level.

Demographics

The population of Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County, according to the 2017 census, is 275,128, of which 70,550 were urban population, 20,4578 were rural population. According to the 2006 Census, the ethnic makeup of Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County included: 67,693 Dong people (26%), 122,368

(47%), 489

Hui people The Hui people are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Islam in China, Chinese-speaking adherents of Islam. They are distributed throughout China, mainly in the Northwest China, northwestern provinces and in the Zhongy ...

(0.19%), 315

Tujia people The Tujia (Tujia language, Northern Tujia: ''Bifjixkhar'' / ''Bifzixkar'', International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA: , Southern Tujia: ''Mongrzzir'', ; ) are an ethnic group and, with a total population of over 8 million, the eighth-largest Ethnic ...

(0.12%), and 116 Yao people (0.04%).

Language

Mandarin is the official language. The local people speak Kam language, Hmongic languages, and

Dungan language Dungan ( or ) is a Sinitic language spoken primarily in the Chu Valley of southeastern Kazakhstan and northern Kyrgyzstan. It is the native language of the Dungan people, a Hui subgroup that fled Qing China in the 19th century. It evolved f ...

Religion

The Dong and Miao people believe in

animism Animism (from meaning 'breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. Animism perceives all things—animals, plants, rocks, rivers, weather systems, human handiwork, and in ...

and worship ancestors.

Buddhism Buddhism, also known as Buddhadharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and List of philosophies, philosophical tradition based on Pre-sectarian Buddhism, teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or ...

is the earliest foreign religion introduced in the county.

Islam Islam is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the Quran, and the teachings of Muhammad. Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number Islam by country, 2 billion worldwide and are the world ...

spread as Hui people moved into the area.

Education

By the end of 2017, Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County had one county vocational secondary school, 15 high schools and middle schools, and 15 primary schools.

Transportation

Highway

The G65 Baotou–Maoming Expressway is a north–south highway passing through the county's downtown, commercial, and industrial districts in the eastern part of the county. The National Highway G209, also popularly known as G209, is a north–south highway passing through commercial and residential districts center of the county limits. The Provincial Highway S222, more commonly known as "S222", passes through the county leading northeastward to

and southwestward to Liping County. The Provincial Highway S221, commonly abbreviated as "S221", runs south-east through Quyang Town and Zhaiya Township.

Rail

The Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway runs north–south through the county's downtown, commercial, and industrial districts.

Tourism

The famous natural landscapes of Jingzhou Miao and Dong Autonomous County are: Mount Fei, National Forest Park of Mount Paiya (), and Mount Jiulong (). Major

Buddhist temple A Buddhist temple or Buddhist monastery is the place of worship for Buddhism, Buddhists, the followers of Buddhism. They include the structures called vihara, chaitya, stupa, wat, khurul and pagoda in different regions and languages. Temples in B ...

s in the county include Yanshou Temple (), Fangguang Temple (), Wufeng Temple (), Qingyun Temple (), and Guixiang Temple (). Major Taoist temples in the county include Temple of Wu () and Feishan Temple (). There are famous academies in the county include Zuoxin Academy (), Heshan Academy () and Ziyang Academy ().

References

Bibliography

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Jingzhou Miao And Dong Autonomous County County-level divisions of Hunan Huaihua Miao autonomous counties Kam autonomous counties