Payzawat County,, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency also via

SASM/GNC romanization The former State Administration of Surveying and Mapping, Geographical Names Committee and former Script Reform Committee of the People's Republic of China have adopted several romanizations for Chinese, Mongolian, Tibetan and Uyghur, offici ...

as Payziwat County (; zh, c=排孜阿瓦提县), (also Faizabad and Fayzawat) and via

Mandarin Chinese Mandarin ( ; zh, s=, t=, p=Guānhuà, l=Mandarin (bureaucrat), officials' speech) is the largest branch of the Sinitic languages. Mandarin varieties are spoken by 70 percent of all Chinese speakers over a large geographical area that stretch ...

as Jiashi County ( zh, s=伽师县) is a county in

Kashgar Prefecture Kashgar, also known as Kashi, is a prefecture located in southwestern Xinjiang, China, located in the Tarim Basin region (roughly the southern half of Xinjiang). It has an area of and 4,496,377 inhabitants at the 2020 census with a population d ...

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Xinjiang,; , SASM/GNC: previously romanized as Sinkiang, officially the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC), located in the northwest of the country at the crossroads ...

, China, on the western rim of the

Taklamakan Desert The Taklamakan Desert ( ) is a desert in northwest China's Xinjiang region. Located inside the Tarim Basin in Southern Xinjiang, it is bounded by the Kunlun Mountains to the south, the Pamir Mountains to the west, the Tian Shan range to the ...

. To the east, the county borders

Maralbexi County Maralbexi County (Maralbeshi, Maralbishi, transliterated from ; zh, c=玛热勒巴什县), Bachu County ( zh, c=巴楚县), and zh, c=巴尔楚克县) the former long Chinese name as well, is located in the southwest of the Xinjiang Uyghur Au ...

, to the south Yopurga County.

Name

Payzawat means 'beautiful land of plenty'. The name of the region is also transliterated as Faizabad.

History

Peyziwat County was established in July 1902.Peyziwat County
. Kashgar Government. In 1981, there was a brief pro-independence rebellion, the Jiashi uprising (), in the county staged by

Uyghur Uyghur may refer to: * Uyghurs, a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia (West China) ** Uyghur language, a Turkic language spoken primarily by the Uyghurs *** Old Uyghur language, a different Turkic language spoken in the Uyghur K ...

activists after riots in

Kashgar Kashgar () or Kashi ( zh, c=喀什) is a city in the Tarim Basin region of southern Xinjiang, China. It is one of the westernmost cities of China, located near the country's border with Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. For over 2,000 years, Kashgar ...

. The

1997 Jiashi earthquakes The Jiashi earthquakes were a series of earthquakes from 1997 to 2003, with several earthquakes larger than 6 occurring between January and April 1997. Two strong earthquakes with magnitudes 6.4 and 6.3 occurred on January 21, 1997, at 09:47 an ...

, continuing to 2003, were a series of deadly earthquakes in the county.

Rebiya Kadeer Rebiya Kadeer (; born 15 November 1946) is an ethnic Uyghur Chinese businesswoman and political activist. Born in Altay City, Xinjiang, China Kadeer became a millionaire in the 1980s through her real estate holdings and ownership of a multina ...

wrote that her career was significantly affected by the earthquakes, which were "one of the worst natural disasters that had occurred in the Uyghur nation in recent memory." One hundred villages and one thousand homes were leveled. Kadeer organized donations and aid for the area. In February 2002, a 6.7 magnitude earthquake killed 267 people in

and Payzawat County. On August 27, 2008, two ethnic Uyghur police officers were killed. On October 20, 2014, Shaptul (Xiaputule) was changed from a township to a town. In 2017, Jiashi County Secondary Vocational School (), one of the

Xinjiang internment camps The Xinjiang internment camps, officially called vocational education and training centers by the government of the People's Republic of China, are internment camps operated by the government of Xinjiang and the Chinese Communist Party P ...

, was increased in size, adding new dormitories and factory warehouses; significant security features were added through the introduction of secure 'military-style management'. On the night of January 19, 2020, a strong earthquake () damaged buildings and seriously injured at least one person in the county.

Administrative divisions

Payzawat County includes 6

towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

, 7

townships A township is a form of human settlement or administrative subdivision. Its exact definition varies among countries. Although the term is occasionally associated with an urban area, this tends to be an exception to the rule. In Australia, Canad ...

, and one other area:

Economy

The system of irrigation is well-developed. Agricultural products include wheat, corn, sorghum, cotton and muskmelon. Animal herding is also common, primarily sheep. Specialities of the county include the 'Payzawat melon' () and white grapes without pits. Industries include tractors, electronics, leather making, construction, and cotton and melon processing. , there was about 55,400 acres (366,889 mu) of cultivated land in Payzawat.

Demographics

As of 2015, 437,073 of the 445,846 residents of the county were

, 8,342 were

Han Chinese The Han Chinese, alternatively the Han people, are an East Asian people, East Asian ethnic group native to Greater China. With a global population of over 1.4 billion, the Han Chinese are the list of contemporary ethnic groups, world's la ...

, 431 were from other ethnic groups. , Uyghurs made up 98.9% of the county's population. As of 1999, 96.46% of the population of Payzawat (Jiashi) County was Uyghur and 3.52% of the population was Han Chinese. In 1997,

Uyghurs The Uyghurs,. alternatively spelled Uighurs, Uygurs or Uigurs, are a Turkic peoples, Turkic ethnic group originating from and culturally affiliated with the general region of Central Asia and East Asia. The Uyghurs are recognized as the ti ...

made up 97.2% of the county's population.

Climate

Transportation

G3012 Turpan–Hotan Expressway The G3012 Turpan–Hotan Expressway (, ), commonly referred to as the Tuhe Expressway (), is a Chinese expressway that connects the G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway at Xiaocaohu, in Toksun County, Turpan, with China National Highway 315 in Lop ...

Historical maps

Historical English-language maps including Payzawat: File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nj-43-5th-ed.jpg, Map including Payzawat (labeled as CH'IEH-SHIH (FAIZ ABAD)) from the

International Map of the World The International Map of the World (IMW; also the Millionth Map of the World, after its scale of 1:1000000) was a project to create a complete map of the world according to internationally agreed standards. It was first proposed by the German g ...

(

AMS AMS or Ams may refer to: Organizations Companies * Alenia Marconi Systems * American Management Systems * AMS (Advanced Music Systems) * ams AG, semiconductor manufacturer * AMS Pictures * Auxiliary Medical Services Educational institutions ...

, 1966) File:NJ-43-4 Yueh Pu Hu, China.jpg, Map including Payzawat (labeled as CH'IEH-SHIH) ( DMA, 1974) File:Operational Navigation Chart G-7, 6th edition.jpg, From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Payzawat (labeled as Jiashi (Ch'ieh-shih)) ( DMA, 1980) File:Txu-pclmaps-oclc-22834566 g-7a.jpg, Map including Payzawat (labeled as Jiashi (Ch'ieh-shih)) ( DMA, 1984)

Notes

References

External links

Map of Payzawat at Google Maps
{{Authority control County-level divisions of Xinjiang Kashgar Prefecture