Jiaoran (; 730–799), also known by his courtesy name Qingzhou (), was a

Tang dynasty The Tang dynasty (, ; zh, c=唐朝), or the Tang Empire, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907, with an Wu Zhou, interregnum between 690 and 705. It was preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed ...

Chinese Chinese may refer to: * Something related to China * Chinese people, people identified with China, through nationality, citizenship, and/or ethnicity **Han Chinese, East Asian ethnic group native to China. **'' Zhonghua minzu'', the supra-ethnic ...

poet and Buddhist monk. Jiaoran wrote more than 470 poems and was one of the three major Tang dynasty poet-monks (), along with

Guanxiu Guanxiu () was a celebrated Buddhism, Buddhist monk, painter, poet, and Calligraphy, calligrapher. His greatest works date from the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The collapse of the central Tang dynasty, Tang government in 907, meant art ...

(832–912) and Qiji (863–937). He was the 12th generation grandson of

Xie An Xie An () (320 – 12 October 385), courtesy name Anshi (), formally Duke Wenjing of Luling (), also known as "Xie Dongshan" (, "dongshan" literally 'East Mountain'), was a Chinese politician of the Eastern Jin dynasty who, despite his lack of ...

(320–385), a

Jin dynasty (266–420) The Jin dynasty or Jin Empire, sometimes distinguished as the or the , was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty in China that existed from 266 to 420. It was founded by Emperor Wu of Jin, Sima Yan, eldest son of Sima Zhao, who had previou ...

statesman who, despite his lack of military ability, led Jin through a major crisis—attacks by

Former Qin Qin, known as the Former Qin and Fu Qin (苻秦) in historiography, was a Dynasties of China, dynastic state of China ruled by the Fu (Pu) clan of the Di (Five Barbarians), Di peoples during the Sixteen Kingdoms period. Founded in the wake of ...

(351–394). His friend,

Lu Yu Lu Yu (; 733–804) or Lu Ji (陆疾), courtesy name Jici (季疵) was a Chinese tea master and writer. He is respected as the Sage of Tea for his contribution to Chinese tea culture. He is best known for his monumental book ''The Classic of ...

, is venerated as the Sage of Tea for his contribution to

Chinese tea culture Chinese tea culture ( zh, s=中国茶文化, t=中國茶文化, p=zhōngguó chá wénhuà, l=Chinese tea culture) includes all facets of tea (茶 chá) found in Chinese culture throughout history. Physically, it consists of tea cultivation, brew ...

and the writer of ''

The Classic of Tea ''The Classic of Tea'' or ''Tea Classic'' () is the first known monograph on tea in the world, by Chinese writer Lu Yu between 760 CE and 762 CE, during the Tang dynasty. Lu Yu's original manuscript is lost; the earliest editions available date ...

''.

Biography

Jiaoran was born in 730 in

Wuxing District Wuxing District () is the central district of the prefecture-level city of Huzhou, Zhejiang, China. Administrative divisions As of 2020, Wuxing District has 13 Subdistricts of China, Subdistricts and 5 Towns of China, Towns and 1 Townships of Chi ...

Huzhou Huzhou (, ; Huzhou dialect: Romanization of Wu Chinese, ''ghou² cieu¹'') is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province (Hangzhou–Jiaxing–Huzhou Plain, China). Lying south of the Lake Tai, it borders Jiaxing to the east, Hangzho ...

city,

Zhejiang ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = ( Hangzhounese) ( Ningbonese) (Wenzhounese) , image_skyline = 玉甑峰全貌 - panoramio.jpg , image_caption = View of the Yandang Mountains , image_map = Zhejiang i ...

province. During the

An Lushan Rebellion The An Lushan rebellion was a civil war in China that lasted from 755 to 763, at the approximate midpoint of the Tang dynasty (618–907). It began as a commandery rebellion attempting to overthrow and replace the Tang government with the rogue ...

(755–763), he dwelt in seclusion and studied

Taoism Taoism or Daoism (, ) is a diverse philosophical and religious tradition indigenous to China, emphasizing harmony with the Tao ( zh, p=dào, w=tao4). With a range of meaning in Chinese philosophy, translations of Tao include 'way', 'road', ' ...

. When he was about forty, the Yuan-Chao Rebellion broken broke out. He received ordination as a monk in Tianzhou Temple () in

Hangzhou Hangzhou, , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ; formerly romanized as Hangchow is a sub-provincial city in East China and the capital of Zhejiang province. With a population of 13 million, the municipality comprises ten districts, two counti ...

, in 767, the second year of the Dali period (766–779) of the Tang dynasty (618–907). He studied Risshū school at first and then converted to

Chan Buddhism Chan (; of ), from Sanskrit '' dhyāna'' (meaning " meditation" or "meditative state"), is a Chinese school of Mahāyāna Buddhism. It developed in China from the 6th century CE onwards, becoming especially popular during the Tang and Song ...

. He was the abbot of Miaoxi Temple ().

Works

* ''Shishi'' ()

References

External links

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Jiaoran 730 births 799 deaths Tang dynasty poets Chan Buddhist monks Zen Buddhism writers Chinese Zen Buddhists Writers from Huzhou Chinese spiritual writers Tang dynasty Buddhist monks 8th-century Chinese poets Poets from Zhejiang Three Hundred Tang Poems poets