Jiangdu ( zh, s=江都区, p=Jiāngdū Qū, l=; historically known as Kiangtu) is one of three

districts A district is a type of administrative division that in some countries is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or counties, several municipalities, subdivisions ...

Yangzhou Yangzhou is a prefecture-level city in central Jiangsu Province, East China. Sitting on the north bank of the Yangtze, it borders the provincial capital Nanjing to the southwest, Huai'an to the north, Yancheng to the northeast, Taizhou, Jiangsu, ...

Jiangsu Jiangsu is a coastal Provinces of the People's Republic of China, province in East China. It is one of the leading provinces in finance, education, technology, and tourism, with its capital in Nanjing. Jiangsu is the List of Chinese administra ...

province, China. The district spans an area of , and as of November 1, 2020, has 926,577 inhabitants. Formerly a

county A county () is a geographic region of a country used for administrative or other purposesL. Brookes (ed.) '' Chambers Dictionary''. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2005. in some nations. The term is derived from the Old French denoti ...

, Jiangdu became a district in July 1994. Yangzhou Taizhou Airport, which serves the cities of Yangzhou and Taizhou, is located in the

town A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

of , in Jiangdu District.

Toponymy

The district's name in Chinese literally means "river capital", and refers to when

Xiang Yu Xiang Yu (), born Xiang Ji, was a Chinese warlord who founded and led the short-lived ancient Chinese states, kingdom-state of Western Chu during the interregnum period between the Qin dynasty, Qin and Han dynasty, Han dynasties of China, d ...

used the area as the capital of the

Western Chu Chu (, Old Chinese: ''*s-r̥aʔ'') was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Their first ruler was King Wu of Chu in the early 8th century BC. Chu was located in the south of the Zhou heartland and lasted during the Spring a ...

History

Human agricultural production in the area has been dated back to approximately five to six thousand years ago, according to government sources. During the

Spring and Autumn period The Spring and Autumn period () was a period in History of China, Chinese history corresponding roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou (256 BCE), characterized by the gradual erosion of royal power as local lords nominally subject t ...

, it belonged to the State of Wu. Following the

Qin's wars of unification Qin's wars of unification were a series of military campaigns launched in the late third century BC by the state of Qin against the other six states remaining in China Han, Zhao, Yan, Wei, Chu and Qi. Between 247 and 221 BC, Qin ...

, the dynasty administered the area of present-day Jiangdu District as part of . However, shortly after,

, leader of the rebellious

, established Jiangdu as his capital city. In 153 BCE, the

Western Han The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and a warring int ...

organized Jiangdu as its own

, under the administration of the Guangling Commandery. During the

Eastern Han The Han dynasty was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC ...

period, Guangling Commandery Grand Administrator built a large canal to divert water from a lake and irrigate Jiangdu County. During the

Three Kingdoms period The Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu dominated China from AD 220 to 280 following the end of the Han dynasty. This period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and followed by the Western Jin dynasty. Academically, the ...

, the county belonged to the Wu Kingdom, and was later abolished. The Western Jin re-established Jiangdu County, but during the Eastern Jin it was once again abolished, and merged into Yu County (). Later on in the Eastern Jin period, Emperor Mu of Jin re-established Jiangdu County. During the last years of the

Sui dynasty The Sui dynasty ( ) was a short-lived Dynasties of China, Chinese imperial dynasty that ruled from 581 to 618. The re-unification of China proper under the Sui brought the Northern and Southern dynasties era to a close, ending a prolonged peri ...

Emperor Yang of Sui Emperor Yang of Sui (隋煬帝, 569 – 11 April 618), personal name Yang Guang (), alternative name Ying (), Xianbei name Amo (), was the second emperor of the Sui dynasty of China. Emperor Yang's original name was Yang Ying, but he was rena ...

fled to Jiangdu to escape from rebellions in the north, and stayed until he was murdered in a coup. In December 1937, as part of the Japanese Invasion of China, most of the county was occupied by Japanese forces, exiling the

Nationalist government The Nationalist government, officially the National Government of the Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT ...

to the county's rural areas.

Communist Communism () is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered on common ownership of the means of production, di ...

resistance to the occupation of Jiangdu County began in July 1940. In November 1950, Gao Feng, the local communist party secretary, organized a large rally at the Fairy Temple for the purpose of denouncing local landlords. At they rally, PLA soldiers executed two men, aged about 80 and 30, respectively, with gunshots to the head for "refus ngto reform themselves". In July 1994, Jiangdu County was abolished, and re-organized as a

county-level city A county-level city () is a County-level divisions of China, county-level administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China. County-level cities have judiciary, judicial but no legislature, legislative rights over their own local or ...

. Jiangdu remained a county-level city under the administration of

until November 2011, when it was converted into a district.

Geography

Jiangdu District is located within east of

, in

province. To its east, it is border by Gaogang District, Hailing District, and Jiangyan District, all in the neighboring

prefecture-level city A prefecture-level city () or prefectural city is an administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province of China, province and above a Counties of the People's Republic of China, county in China's ...

of Taizhou. Jiangdu is bound by the

Yangtze River The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ) is the longest river in Eurasia and the third-longest in the world. It rises at Jari Hill in the Tanggula Mountains of the Tibetan Plateau and flows including Dam Qu River the longest source of the Yangtze, i ...

to the south, Guangling District to the west, and the

county-level cities , map = , category = Third level administrative division of a unitary state , territory = People's Republic of China , upper_unit = Prefectures, Provinces , start_date = , current_number = 411 (408 controlled, 3 claimed) , number_da ...

of Gaoyou and Xinghua to the north. The area of Jiangdu District is very flat, reaching a maximum elevation of just above sea level. The district is home to many rivers and lakes, and water accounts for 14.2% of the district's total area. 20.7% of the district is forested.

Climate

Administrative divisions

As of 2020, Jiangdu District administers 13

towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ...

and 1 township-level farm. These divisions then in turn administer 65 residential communities and 263 administrative villages. * () * () * () * () * () * () * () * () * () * () * Daqiao * () * () * ()

Tourism

Looking across Grand Canal from Fenghuangdao - P1070233

Major tourist spots include Shaobo Lake, , Kaiyuan Temple (), and the former residence of

revolutionary .

Notable people

* ,

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

poet and politician * , Qing dynasty poet and scholar * , Qing dynasty politician and diplomat * , Qing dynasty politician * , Qing dynasty and

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

doctor and scholar * Jiang Shangqing,

revolutionary * , Communist revolutionary * Wang Shaotang, performer * Shu Xingbei, physicist and professor * Xie Feng, diplomat and current Chinese Ambassador to the United States * Ma Zupeng, political figure and government official

References

www.xzqh.org

External links

"Illustrated Album of Yangzhou Prefecture"
from 1573 to 1620, has illustrations of Jiangdu District {{authority control County-level divisions of Jiangsu Yangzhou Jiangdu District