Jhalda I
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Jhalda I is a community development block (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the
Jhalda subdivision Jhalda subdivision is a subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India. History Purulia district was divided into four subdivisions, viz., Purulia Sadar, Manbazar, Jhalda and Raghunathpur, with effect from 6 April 2017, ...
of the
Purulia district Purulia district () is one of the twenty-three districts of West Bengal state in Eastern India. Purulia is the administrative headquarters of the district. Some of the other important towns of Purulia district are Raghunathpur- Adra, Manbazar ...
in the
India India, officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area; the List of countries by population (United Nations), most populous country since ...
n
state State most commonly refers to: * State (polity), a centralized political organization that regulates law and society within a territory **Sovereign state, a sovereign polity in international law, commonly referred to as a country **Nation state, a ...
of
West Bengal West Bengal (; Bengali language, Bengali: , , abbr. WB) is a States and union territories of India, state in the East India, eastern portion of India. It is situated along the Bay of Bengal, along with a population of over 91 million inhabi ...
.


History


Background

The ''Jaina Bhagavati-Sutra'' of the 5th century AD mentions that Purulia was one of the sixteen
mahajanapadas The Mahājanapadas were sixteen Realm, kingdoms and aristocracy, aristocratic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE, during the History of India#Second urbanisation (c. 600 – 200 BCE), second urbanis ...
and was a part of the kingdom known as Vajra-bhumi in ancient times. In 1833, the Manbhum district was carved out of
Jungle Mahals Jungle Mahals ( jungle estates) was a district formed by British possessions and some independent chiefdoms lying between Birbhum, Burdwan, Midnapore and the hilly country of Chota Nagpur in what is now the Indian state of West Bengal.O’Malle ...
district, with headquarters at Manbazar. In 1838, the headquarters was transferred to
Purulia Purulia, officially Purulia Sadar, is a city and a municipality in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Purulia district. It is located on the north of the Kangsabati River. Geography Location Purulia is locate ...
. After independence, when Manbhum district was a part of
Bihar Bihar ( ) is a states and union territories of India, state in Eastern India. It is the list of states and union territories of India by population, second largest state by population, the List of states and union territories of India by are ...
, efforts were made to impose Hindi on the Bengali-speaking majority of the district and it led to the
Bengali Language Movement (Manbhum) The Bengali Language Movement of Manbhum was a cultural and political movement that took place in the then Bihar Province from 1912 to 1956. Post independence, between 1948 and 1956, the Bengali nationalism, language movement spread intensely am ...
. In 1956, the Manbhum district was partitioned between Bihar and West Bengal under the States Reorganization Act and the Bihar and West Bengal (Transfer of Territories) Act 1956.


Red corridor

106 districts spanning 10 states across India, described as being part of the left wing extremism activities, constitutes the
Red corridor Red corridor designates the districts of India which has the presence and influence of Naxalites. As of March 2025, the corridor encompasses 18 districts across seven states, predominantly in Central and East India. History The Naxalite ...
. In West Bengal the districts of Paschim Medinipur, Bankura, Purulia and Birbhum are part of the Red corridor. However, as of July 2016, there had been no reported incidents of
Maoist Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic o ...
related activities from these districts for the previous 4 years. The CPI (Maoist) extremism affected CD Blocks in Purulia district were: Jhalda I, Jhalda II, Arsha, Baghmundi, Balarampur, Barabazar, Manbazar II and Bandwan. Certain reports also included Manbazar I and Joypur CD Blocks and some times indicted the whole of Purulia district. The Lalgarh movement, which started attracting attention after the failed assassination attempt on
Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee (1 March 1944 – 8 August 2024) was an Indian Communism, communist politician and a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), who served as the 7th List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal, Chief M ...
, then chief minister of West Bengal, in the Salboni area of the Paschim Medinipur district, on 2 November 2008 and the police action that followed, had also spread over to these areas. The movement was not just a political struggle but an armed struggle that concurrently took the look of a social struggle. A large number of CPI (M) activists were killed. Although the epi-centre of the movement was Lalgarh, it was spread across 19 police stations in three adjoining districts – Paschim Medinipur, Bankura and Purulia, all thickly forested and near the border with Jharkhand. The deployment of CRPF and other forces started on 11 June 2009. The movement came to an end after the 2011 state assembly elections and change of government in West Bengal. The death of
Kishenji Mallojula Koteswara Rao (26 November 1954 – 24 November 2011), commonly known by his ''nom de guerre'' Kishenji (), was an Indian maoist leader who was a Politburo and Central Military Commission member of the Communist Party of India (Maois ...
, the
Maoist Maoism, officially Mao Zedong Thought, is a variety of Marxism–Leninism that Mao Zedong developed while trying to realize a socialist revolution in the agricultural, pre-industrial society of the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic o ...
commander, on 24 November 2011 was the last major landmark.


Geography

Pusti, a constituent panchayat of Jhalda I block, is located at . The Jhalda I CD block is located in the south-western part of the district. The Subarnarekha forms the inter-state boundary between West Bengal and Jharkhand in the Jhalda I CD block and a small portion of the Bahgmundi CD block. The Jhalda I CD block is bounded by the Kasmar and Jaridih CD blocks, in the Bokaro district of Jharkhand, on the north, the
Jhalda II Jhalda II is a Community development blocks in India, community development block (CD block) that forms an administrative division in the Jhalda subdivision of the Purulia district in the Indian States and territories of India, state of West Benga ...
CD block on the east, the
Baghmundi Baghmundi is a village, with a police station, in the Baghmundi (community development block), Baghmundi Community development blocks in India, CD block in the Jhalda subdivision of the Purulia district in the state of West Bengal, India. Geogra ...
CD block and Kukru CD block, in
Seraikela Kharsawan district Seraikela Kharsawan district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state in eastern India. Seraikela town is the district headquarters of Saraikela Kharsawan district . The district is well known for Seraikela Chhau, one of the three di ...
of Jharkhand on the south, and the
Sonahatu Sonahatu is a village in the Sonahatu CD block in the Bundu subdivision of the Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Geography Location Sonahatu is located at . The Subarnarekha River forms the ...
and
Silli Silli is a village in the Silli CD block in the Ranchi Sadar subdivision of the Ranchi district in the Indian state of Jharkhand. Geography Location Silli is located at . The Subarnarekha River forms the boundary with Purulia district in ...
CD blocks, in the Ranchi district of Jharkhand, and the Gola CD block, in the Ramgarh district of Jharkhand, on the west. The Jhalda I CD block has an area of 315.09 km2. It has 1 panchayat samity, 10 gram panchayats, 97 gram sansads (village councils), 143
mouza In Bangladesh, Pakistan and parts of India, a mouza or mauza (also mouja) is a type of administrative district, corresponding to a specific land area within which there may be one or more settlements. Before the 20th century, the term referred to a ...
s, 131 inhabited villages and 1 census town.
Jhalda Jhalda is a town and a municipality in Purulia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Jhalda subdivision. Geography Location Jhalda is located at . It has an average elevation of . According to the ''Distri ...
police station serves this block. Headquarters of this CD Block is at
Masina Masina may refer to: ;Places * Masina, Kinshasa, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo * Masina, alternate name of Tabas-e Masina, in Iran * Masina, Lumbini, in Nepal * Masina, Rapti, in Nepal * Masina, Purulia, West Bengal, India * Masina Empire ...
. Gram panchayats of the Jhalda I block/
panchayat samiti Panchayat samiti or block panchayat is a rural local government ( panchayat) body at the intermediate tehsil (taluka/mandal) or block level in India. It works for the villages of the tehsil that together are called a development block. It has b ...
are: Hensahatu, Ichag, Iloo-Jargo, Jhalda-Darda, Kalma, Maru-Mosina, Mathari-Khamar, Nayadih, Pusti and Tulin.


Demographics


Population

According to the 2011 Census of India, the Jhalda I CD block had a total population of 137,143, of which 127,759 were rural and 9,384 were urban. There were 70,095 (51%) males and 67,048 (49%) females. There were 20,832 persons in the age range of 0 to 6 years. The Scheduled Castes numbered 16,988 (12.39%) and the Scheduled Tribes numbered 15,608 (11.38%). As per the 2001 census, the Jhalda I CD block had a total population of 115,493, out of which 58,611 were males and 56,882 were females. The Jhalda I CD block registered a population growth of 16.75 per cent during the 1991-2001 decade. Decadal growth for the Purulia district was 13.96 per cent. Decadal growth in West Bengal was 17.84 per cent. Large villages (with 4,000+ population) in the Jhalda I CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Tulin (9,844), Ichag (4,951) and Jargo (4,083). Other villages in the Jhalda I CD block are (2011 census figures in brackets): Pusti (2,374), Kalma (2,536), Ilu (3,131), Khamar (1,799), Masina (2,724), Danrda (1,675), Uhatu (660) and Nayadi (1,246).
Jhalda Jhalda is a town and a municipality in Purulia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Jhalda subdivision. Geography Location Jhalda is located at . It has an average elevation of . According to the ''Distri ...
, a municipal town, is included as a census town in the 2011 census figures. It is not included here as a census town.


Literacy

According to the 2011 census, the total number of literates in the Jhalda I CD block was 76,973 (66.18% of the population over 6 years) out of which males numbered 47,591 (80.15% of the male population over 6 years) and females numbered 29,382 (51.61%) of the female population over 6 years). The
gender disparity Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex chromosome#Sex determination, Sex determination generally occurs by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome in the 23rd pair of chromosomes in the human genome. ''phenot ...
(the difference between female and male literacy rates) was 28.54%. See also –
List of West Bengal districts ranked by literacy rate This is a list of districts in the Indian state of West Bengal ranked by literacy rate as per provisional data of 2011 census. With a literacy rate of 96.26% (male 90.69% and female 96.54%), above the national average of 90.04%, as per the 2011 C ...


Language and religion

In the 2011 census, the Hindus numbered 114,769 and formed 83.69% of the population in the Jhalda I CD block. Muslims numbered 11,627 and formed 8.48% of the population. Others numbered 10,747 and formed 7.83% of the population. Others include Addi Bassi, Marang Boro, Santal, Saranath, Sari Dharma, Sarna, Alchchi, Bidin, Sant, Saevdharm, Seran, Saran, Sarin, Kheria, and other religious communities. In 2001, Hindus were 86.28%, Muslims 7.68% and tribal religions 5.60% of the population respectively. At the time of the 2011 census, 59.56% of the population spoke
Bengali Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to: *something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia * Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region * Bengali language, the language they speak ** Bengali alphabet, the w ...
, 35.54%
Kurmali Kurmali or Kudmali (ISO: Kuṛmāli) is an Indo-Aryan language classified as belonging to the Bihari group of languages spoken in eastern India. As a trade dialect, it is also known as Panchpargania ( Bengali: পঞ্চপরগনিয ...
, 2.21%
Urdu Urdu (; , , ) is an Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia. It is the Languages of Pakistan, national language and ''lingua franca'' of Pakistan. In India, it is an Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of Indi ...
, 1.25%
Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...
and 1.02% Santali as their first language.


Rural Poverty

According to the Rural Household Survey in 2005, 32.85% of total number of families were BPL families in Purulia district. According to a World Bank report, as of 2012, 31-38% of the population in Purulia, Murshidabad and Uttar Dinajpur districts were below poverty level, the highest among the districts of West Bengal, which had an average 20% of the population below poverty line.


Economy


Livelihood

In the Jhalda I CD block in 2011, among the class of total workers, cultivators numbered 17,082 and formed 30.38%, agricultural labourers numbered 19,776 and formed 35.18%, household industry workers numbered 5,572 and formed 9.91% and other workers numbered 13,789 and formed 24.53%. Total workers numbered 56,219 and formed 40.99% of the total population, and non-workers numbered 80,924 and formed 59.01% of the population. Note: In the census records a person is considered a cultivator, if the person is engaged in cultivation/ supervision of land owned by self/government/institution. When a person who works on another person's land for wages in cash or kind or share, is regarded as an agricultural labourer. Household industry is defined as an industry conducted by one or more members of the family within the household or village, and one that does not qualify for registration as a factory under the Factories Act. Other workers are persons engaged in some economic activity other than cultivators, agricultural labourers and household workers. It includes factory, mining, plantation, transport and office workers, those engaged in business and commerce, teachers, entertainment artistes and so on.


Infrastructure

There are 131 inhabited villages in the Jhalda I CD block, as per the ''District Census Handbook'', Puruliya, 2011. 100% villages have power supply. 130 villages (99.24%) have drinking water supply. 20 villages (15.27%) have post offices. 99 villages (75.57%) have telephones (including landlines, public call offices and mobile phones). 25 villages (19.08%) have pucca (paved) approach roads and 40 villages (30.53%) have transport communication (includes bus service, rail facility and navigable waterways). 6 villages (4.58%) have agricultural credit societies and 7 villages (5.34%) have banks.


Agriculture

In 2013–14, persons engaged in agriculture in the Jhalda I CD block could be classified as follows: bargadars 0.78%, patta (document) holders 17.98%, small farmers (possessing land between 1 and 2 hectares) 8.82%, marginal farmers (possessing land up to 1 hectare) 29.94% and agricultural labourers 42.48%. In 2013–14, the total area irrigated in the Jhalda I CD block was 11,232.60 hectares, out of which 2,585.00 hectares was by canal irrigation, 7,491.95 hectares by tank water, 59.55 hectares by river lift irrigation, 126.00 hectares by open dug wells and 970.00 hectares by other means. In 2013–14, the Jhalda I CD block produced 42,521 tonnes of Aman paddy, the main winter crop, from 19,041 hectares and 5,555 tonnes of Boro paddy, the spring crop, from 256 hectares. It also produced khesari,
gram The gram (originally gramme; SI unit symbol g) is a Physical unit, unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI) equal to one thousandth of a kilogram. Originally defined in 1795 as "the absolute Mass versus weight, weight of a volume ...
and mustard.


Banking

In 2013–14, the Jhalda I CD block had offices of 7 commercial bank and 2 gramin banks.


Backward Regions Grant Fund

The Purulia district is listed as a backward region and receives financial support from the
Backward Regions Grant Fund The Backward Regions Grant Fund (BRGF) is an Indian government program designed to "address regional imbalances in development." The programme was launched by Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh at Barpeta, Assam on 19 February 2007. The BRG ...
. The fund, created by the Government of India, is designed to redress regional imbalances in development. As of 2012, 272 districts across the country were listed under this scheme. The list includes 11 districts of West Bengal.


Transport

In 2013–14, the Jhalda I CD block had 5 originating/ terminating bus routes. Both State Highway 4 running from Jhalda (in the Purulia district) to Junput (in the Purba Medinipur district) and State Highway 4A running from Tulin to Chas Morh (both in the Purulia district) originate in this block. The
NSC Bose Gomoh-Hatia line NSC may refer to: Banking and investment * National Sort Code, an Irish bank code * Nomura Securities Co, an investment bank Computing * National Software Centre, an Irish organization * National Supercomputer Centre in Sweden * NetShow Cha ...
of the South Eastern Railway passes through this CD block and there is a station at Tulin.


Education

In 2013–14, the Jhalda I CD block had 144 primary schools with 10,514 students, 10 middle schools with 694 students and 13 higher secondary schools with 14,746 students. The Jhalda I CD block had 2 general colleges with 1,549 students, 1 professional/ technical institute with 48 students and 249 institutions with 8,841 students for special and non-formal education. See also –
Education in India Education in India is primarily managed by the state-run public education system, which falls under the command of the government at three levels: Government of India, central, States and Territories of India, state and Local government in In ...
According to the 2011 census, in Jhalda I CD block, amongst the 131 inhabited villages, 8 villages did not have a school, 28 villages had two or more primary schools, 28 villages had at least 1 primary and 1 middle school and 17 villages had at least 1 middle and 1 secondary school. Chitta Mahato Memorial College was established 2010 at Jargo.


Healthcare

In 2014, the Jhalda I CD block had 1 block primary health centre and 2 primary health centres, with total 46 beds and 6 doctors. 8,572 patients were treated indoor and 198,949 patients were treated outdoor in the health centres and subcentres of the CD Block. Jhalda Rural Hospital, with 30 beds at
Jhalda Jhalda is a town and a municipality in Purulia district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is the headquarters of the Jhalda subdivision. Geography Location Jhalda is located at . It has an average elevation of . According to the ''Distri ...
, is the major government medical facility in the Jhalda I CD block. There are primary health centres at Ilu (with 10 beds) and Mahatomara (with 6 beds).


References

{{Purulia topics Community development blocks in Purulia district