The ''Jedhe Shakawali''. or ''Jedhe Chronology'', is a bare record of events from 1618 to 1697, kept by the

Jedhe Jedhe is a Deshmukh sub clan of the Maratha caste in Maharashtra, India. The village of Kari, in modern Bhor taluka was the capital of the Jedhe Deshmukh. Moreover, the Jedhe were the pioneer house of Deshmukh among Marathas who supported Shivaj ...

Deshmukhs of Kari village, near Bhor in the

Pune Pune ( ; , ISO 15919, ISO: ), previously spelled in English as Poona (List of renamed Indian cities and states#Maharashtra, the official name until 1978), is a city in the state of Maharashtra in the Deccan Plateau, Deccan plateau in Western ...

district. It is a valuable source for the political history of the formative period of

Maratha Empire The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern India, early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent List of Maratha dynasties and states, Ma ...

. It was first edited by B.G. Tilak and published by

Bharat Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal Bharat Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal, popularly known as Itihas Sanshodhak Mandal or just 'Mandal', is an Indian institute providing resources and training for historical researchers. It is located at Pune in Maharashtra state. The institute was fou ...

, Pune, in 1916.

Background

The Jedhes, the Khopades, the Bandals and the Naik-Nimbalkars were the prominent Deshmukhs of

Maval Maval (also known as Andhar Maval) is a tehsil in a subdivision of the same name, in the Pune district of Maharashtra, India. Description The word Maval is derived from a Marathi word ''Maval'', meaning the direction in which the sun sets. Th ...

. Out of these, Jedhes of Kaari, in modern-day Bhor, were the Deshmukhs of 'Rohid Khora', which includes the forts of Raireshwar and Rohideshwar, in the Maval region of the modern Pune district, which is near Bhor about 48 km towards south of Pune. Being the leaders of their region, they were privileged persons and enjoyed a high status in political, social and economic life of the region. Kanhoji Jedhe is regarded as the real founder of the Jedhe family as he and his son Baji, popularly known as Sarjerao Jedhe, brought their family to prominence by rendering valuable services to

Shivaji Shivaji I (Shivaji Shahaji Bhonsale, ; 19 February 1630 – 3 April 1680) was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle dynasty. Shivaji carved out his own independent kingdom from the Sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the ...

, the founder of

in the 17th century.

The ''Jedhe Shakawali'' consists of yearly data from 1618 (birth of

Aurangzeb Alamgir I (Muhi al-Din Muhammad; 3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known by the title Aurangzeb, also called Aurangzeb the Conqueror, was the sixth Mughal emperors, Mughal emperor, reigning from 1658 until his death in 1707, becomi ...

) to 1697 (the besiege of the

Gingee Gingee, also known as Senji or Jinji and originally called Singapuri, is a panchayat town in Viluppuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Gingee is located between three hills covering a perimeter of 3 km, and lies west of the ...

fort). The years are reckoned by the

Shaka era The Shaka era (IAST: Śaka, Śāka) is a historical Hindu calendar era (year numbering), the epoch (its year zero) of which corresponds to Julian year (calendar), Julian year 78. The era has been widely used in different regions of the Indian ...

(approximately 78 years behind ''

anno domini The terms (AD) and before Christ (BC) are used when designating years in the Gregorian calendar, Gregorian and Julian calendar, Julian calendars. The term is Medieval Latin and means "in the year of the Lord" but is often presented using "o ...

''), alongside a short description.

Select events

(Unless specified otherwise, the dates below use

Julian calendar The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception). The Julian calendar is still used as a religious calendar in parts of the Eastern Orthodox Church and in parts ...

.) *Shaka 1540 – '' Kartik Vadya'' 1 (Saturday, 24 October 1618 ) – Birth of

*Shaka 1550 (1628) – Sultan Khurram became Emperor of Delhi under the title of

Shah Jehan Shah Jahan I, (Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram; 5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), also called Shah Jahan the Magnificent, was the Emperor of Hindustan from 1628 until his deposition in 1658. As the fifth Mughal emperor, his reign marked th ...

*Shaka 1551 –

Phalgun Falgun or Phalgun (; ) or Phagun () is the eleventh month of the year in the Bengali calendar, the Assamese calendar, and the Nepali calendar. In the revision of the Bengali calendar used in Bangladesh since October 2019, the month has 29 days ...

Vadya 3 (Friday, 19 February 1630) – Birth of Shivaji at Fort

Shivneri Shivneri Fort (''known as Killa'') (Marathi pronunciation: �iʋneɾiː is an ancient military fortification located near Junnar in Pune district in Maharashtra, India. It is the birthplace of Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of Mara ...

*Shaka 1579 – ''

Jyeshtha Jyeshtha may refer to: * Jyeshtha (month), month of the Hindu calendar * Jyestha (goddess), Hindu goddess of adversity and misfortune * Jyeshtha (nakshatra), the 18th nakshatra (lunar mansion) in Hindu astronomy and Vedic astrology See also * Jye� ...

Shuddha'' 12 (14 May 1657) – A son,

Sambhaji Sambhaji (Sambhajiraje Shivajiraje Bhonsle, ; 14 May 1657 – 11 March 1689), also known as Shambhuraje, ruled from 1681 to 1689 as the second king ( Chhatrapati) of the Maratha Empire, a prominent state in early modern India. He was the elde ...

, was born to Shivaji *Shaka 1581 – ''

Margashirsh Agrahayana or Margashirsha, ( or ), is the ninth month of the Hindu calendar. In India's national civil calendar, ''Agrahayana'' is also the eight month of the year, beginning on 16 November and ending on 15 December. Margashirsha means relat ...

Shuddha'' 7 (Thursday, 10 November 1659) –

Afzalkhan Afzal Khan (died 20 November 1659) was a general of the Adil Shahi dynasty of Bijapur Sultanate of in Deccan India. He played an important role in the southern expansion of the Bijapur Sultanate by subjugating the Nayaka chiefs who had taken ...

killed by Shivaji near Fort

Pratapgad Pratapgad is a mountain fort located in Satara district, in the Western Indian state of Maharashtra. The fort is situated 24 kilometres from the Mahabaleshwar hill station. The fort is now a popular tourist destination. The fort's historical ...

*Shaka 1582 – ''

Ashadh Asharh ( ''āshāḍh'', ''āsāḍha'') is the third month of the Bengali and Odia calendars and the Tirhuta Panchang (a Hindu calendar followed by the Maithil community in India and Nepal). It is the first of the two months that comprise the w ...

Vadya'' 1 (13 July 1660) – Shivaji escaped from fort

Panhala Panhala (Pronunciation: Help:IPA/Marathi, ənʱaːɭa is a city and a Hill station Municipal Council (3177 feet above sea level) 18 km northwest of Kolhapur, in Kolhapur district in the Indian States and territories of India, state of M ...

and fled to fort

Vishalgad Vishalgad (also called Vishalgarh, Khelna or Khilna) was a jagir during the Maratha Empire and then later part of the Deccan States Agency of the British Raj. Fort A fort had existed at Vishalgad for a long period. During the Bahmani rule it ...

*Shaka 1585 –

Chaitra Chaitra () is a month of the Hindu calendar. In the standard Hindu calendar and India's national civil calendar, Chaitra is the first month of the year. It is the last month in the Bengali calendar, where it is called Choitro. Chaitra or Cha ...

''Shuddha'' 8 (Sunday, 5 April 1663) – Shivaji attacked Shahiste Khan in Pune and cut off his hand. *Shaka 1587 – Ashadh ''Shuddha'' 10 (12 June 1665) – Shivaji made peace with

Jai Singh I Mirza Raja Jai Singh I (15 July 1611 – 28 August 1667) was the senior most general ("Mirza (noble), Mirza Raja") and a high-ranking mansabdar at the imperial court of Mughal Empire as well as the Kachhwaha Rajput ruler of the Jaipur State, Ki ...

*Shaka 1588 – Jyeshtha ''Shuddha'' 2 (25 May 1666) – Shivaji in Aurangzeb's court *Shaka 1588 –

Shravan Sravana, Shravana or Shravan may refer to: * Shravana (hearing), Sanskrit term for hearing * Shravana Shravana (Devanagari: श्रवण), also known as Thiruvonam in Tamil and Malayalam (Tamil: திருவோணம், Malayalam: ത� ...

''Vadya'' 12 (26–27 Aug 1666 Gregorian calendar) – Shivaji escaped from

Agra Agra ( ) is a city on the banks of the Yamuna river in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, about south-east of the national capital Delhi and 330 km west of the state capital Lucknow. With a population of roughly 1.6 million, Agra is the ...

*Shaka 1596 – Jyeshtha ''Shuddha'' 12 (6 June 1674) – Shivaji ascended the throne *Shaka 1602 –

''Shuddha'' 15 (Saturday, 3 April 1680) – Shivaji died at fort

Raigad Raigad may refer to: *Raigad district in Maharashtra, India **Raigad fort **Raigad (Lok Sabha constituency) in Maharashtra, India *Raigarh Raigarh is a city in northern Chhattisgarh known as the 'Cultural capital of Chhattisgarh'; Raigarh is fa ...

at mid-day *Shaka 1602 – Shravan ''Shuddha'' 5 (20 July 1680) – Sambhaji ascended the throne *Shaka 1603 – Kartik ''Shuddha'' 13 (Sunday, 13 November 1681) – Sambhaji met rebel prince Akbar at Patshahpur. *Shaka 1605 – Kartik ''Vadya'' 7 (1 November 1683) – Sambhaji fought with

Portuguese Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portu ...

and raised the siege of fort Banda *Shaka 1610 – Magh ''Vadya'' 7 (Friday, 1 February 1689) Sambhaji and Kavi Kalash captured by Shaikh Nizam at Sangameshwar *Shaka 1610 – Phalgun ''Vadya'' 30 (11 March 1689) – Aurangzeb beheaded Sambhaji and Kavi Kalash at Tulapur *Shaka 1611 – Kartik ''Vadya'' 11 (28 October 1689) – Rajaram reached Jinji fort

References

{{Reflist *'Jedhe Shakawali – Karina' (

Modi Narendra Damodardas Modi (born 17 September 1950) is an Indian politician who has served as the prime minister of India since 2014. Modi was the chief minister of Gujarat from 2001 to 2014 and is the member of parliament (MP) for Varanas ...

Marathi Marathi may refer to: *Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India **Marathi people (Uttar Pradesh), the Marathi people in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh *Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Mar ...

/ English) by Dr. A.R.Kulkarni, 1999 Edition. *'Source Book of Maratha History' by R.P.Patwardhan, Bombay 1929. *'Shivaji Souvenir' by

Govind Sakharam Sardesai Rao Bahadur Govind Sakharam Sardesai (17 May 1865 – 29 November 1959), popularly known as Riyasatkar Sardesai, was a historian from Bombay Presidency, India. Through his ''Riyasats'' written in Marathi, Sardesai presented an account of o ...

, Bombay 1926. * History of Maharashtra Historiography of India

Background

Contents

Select events

References