Jed Eugene Rose, Ph.D. is an American academic professor, inventor and researcher in the field of nicotine and smoking cessation. Rose is presently the President and CEO of the Rose Research Center, LLC in Raleigh,

North Carolina North Carolina () is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. The state is the 28th largest and 9th-most populous of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Georgia a ...

. Additionally, he is the Director of the Duke Center for Smoking Cessation at Duke University Medical Center.

Personal life

Jed Eugene Rose was born on June 8, 1952, in Ohio. Rose received his undergraduate bachelor's degree at the

University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...

. He later went on to obtain his Ph.D. at the

University of California, San Diego The University of California, San Diego (UC San Diego or colloquially, UCSD) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in San Diego, California. Established in 1960 near the pre-existing Scripps Insti ...

and finished his PostDoctoral work at the

University of California, Los Angeles The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public university, public Land-grant university, land-grant research university in Los Angeles, California. UCLA's academic roots were established in 1881 as a Normal school, teachers colle ...

Inventions and research

Rose is most known for co-inventing the nicotine skin patch with the late

Murray Jarvik Murray Elias Jarvik (June 1, 1923 – May 8, 2008) was an American psychopharmacologist and academic who was among the first scientists to study d-lysergic acid, the precursor to LSD, and later became the co-inventor of the nicotine patch. He ...

, M.D., Ph.D. and K. Daniel Rose in the early 1980s. Rose et al. published the first study of the pharmacokinetics of a transdermal nicotine patch in humans in 1984 and the subsequently filed US Patent 4920989 which was upheld in a priority decision in 1993. This work helped pave the way for the development of commercial nicotine skin patches. Rose is also responsible for studying agonist-antagonist treatments that provided support for the development varenicline (Chantix). Also in the 1980s, Rose developed novel methods for reaerosolizing selected constituents of tobacco smoke in cigarette-sized devices, a forerunner of modern e-cigarettes. His first NIDA-funded grant, “Scaling the Reinforcing Value of Cigarette Smoke” (1981-2000), measured the role of nicotine in tobacco dependence, by selectively varying nicotine concentrations in smoke while holding tar yield constant, using a two-barreled smoke-mixing device. This method was employed in research cited in the 1988 U.S. Surgeon General's Report on nicotine addiction.

Significant contributions to science

Nicotine patch

Rose initiated the development of the nicotine patch for

smoking cessation Smoking cessation, usually called quitting smoking or stopping smoking, is the process of discontinuing tobacco smoking. Tobacco smoke contains nicotine, which is addictive and can cause dependence. As a result, nicotine withdrawal often m ...

: In the early 1980s, he led the initial exploration of transdermal nicotine administration for smoking cessation. In a series of studies he and colleagues showed that transdermal nicotine administration reduced craving for

cigarettes A cigarette is a narrow cylinder containing a combustible material, typically tobacco, that is rolled into thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end, causing it to smolder; the resulting smoke is orally inhaled via the oppo ...

and that it was efficacious for smoking cessation. Rose experimented on himself, applying nicotine to his skin and measuring his body's physiological responses.

Inspiring the development of Chantix

Rose aided in the conception of varenicline for smoking cessation: In the 1990s Rose et al. conducted clinical trials of an agonist-antagonist combination treatment, using nicotine (agonist) and mecamylamine (nicotinic antagonist). The combination proved more efficacious than either agent alone. Pfizer pharmaceuticals cited this work as helping to inspire the development of the partial nicotinic agonist varenicline, which is currently the most effective pharmacologic smoking cessation treatment available.

Sensory factors in tobacco addiction

Rose demonstrated the role of nicotine and non-nicotine sensory factors in tobacco addiction: In a series of studies, Rose et al. dissociated non-nicotine factors, including sensory cues accompanying cigarette inhalation, from the pharmacologic effects of nicotine. Attenuating these cues, while holding nicotine intake constant, significantly reduced the psychological rewarding and satiating effects of cigarette smoke. Conversely, presenting sensory inhalational cues down-regulated smoking behavior.

First radiotracer nicotine studies

Rose elucidated the brain pharmacokinetics of inhaled nicotine: Rose et al. conducted the first direct assessment of the rate of brain nicotine uptake during cigarette smoking, using cigarettes spiked with the radiotracer 1Cicotine and PET scanning to image nicotine in the brain. The results overturned the widely held “puff bolus” hypothesis, which held that the nicotine from each puff of smoke should generate a spike in brain nicotine uptake within 10 seconds. In fact, the lung serves as a depot for nicotine, releasing the dose over several minutes. This new understanding of brain nicotine pharmacokinetics has implications both for the understanding of mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction as well as development of more effective nicotine replacement strategies.

First adaptive treatment algorithm for smoking cessation

Rose validated the first adaptive treatment algorithm for smoking cessation: Rose led a series of studies showing that the initial response to pre-cessation administration of nicotine skin patch treatment predicted long-term abstinence. Subsequently, this response was used to implement adaptive changes in pharmacotherapy for patch non-responders. Rose continues to develop personalized approaches to smoking cessation treatment based on smokers’ characteristics, including level of nicotine dependence, and genomic markers, which he helped to identify in the first genome-wide association studies of smoking cessation treatment outcome.

Selected publications

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *Rose JE. Transdermal nicotine as a strategy for nicotine replacement. In: The Pharmacologic Treatment of Tobacco Dependence: Proceedings of the World Congress, November 4–5, 1985, edited by JK Ockene. Cambridge, MA: Institute for the Study of Smoking Behavior and Policy, pp. 158–166, 1986. * * *

References

External links

Duke Faculty Website

The Rose Research Center, LLC

Nicotine Skin Patch Patent US4920989

Patents invented and co-invented by Jed Rose

Dr. Rose Publications
{{DEFAULTSORT:Rose, Jed University of California, Berkeley alumni University of California, San Diego alumni University of California, Los Angeles alumni Living people 1952 births American scientists