The Jebel Mokram Group was a prehistoric,

Neolithic The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Ancient Greek, Greek 'new' and 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Mesopotamia, Asia, Europe and Africa (c. 10,000 BCE to c. 2,000 BCE). It saw the Neolithic Revo ...

culture that flourished in the second millennium BC in the east of the

Sudan Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. It borders the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west, Libya to the northwest, Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the east, Eritrea and Ethiopi ...

and in western

Eritrea Eritrea, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa, with its capital and largest city being Asmara. It is bordered by Ethiopia in the Eritrea–Ethiopia border, south, Sudan in the west, and Dj ...

. The culture appeared around 1800 BCE and followed the

Gash Group The Gash Group is a Neolithic, prehistoric culture that flourished around 3000 to 1800 BC in Eritrea and eastern Sudan. It was followed by the Jebel Mokram Group. The name Gash relates to the river in Eritrea with the same name. Description Thi ...

. So far, the culture is little researched and is mainly known from a few archaeological sites. The Jebel Mokram Group is characterized by its pottery. Thick and round vessel rims are typical. Vessels are often decorated with an incised net pattern. Similar pottery is known from the Pan-grave people of Sudan and Egypt and also from the

Kerma culture The Kingdom of Kerma or the Kerma culture was an early civilization centered in Kerma, Sudan. It flourished from around 2500 BC to 1500 BC in ancient Nubia. The Kerma culture was based in the southern part of Nubia, or "Upper Nubia" (in parts of ...

. Different types of stone tools were used. Fragments of Egyptian pottery attest some sort of contacts with

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

. The Jebel Mokram Group produced small clay figures of animals. Several settlement site are known, providing evidence that the Jebel Mokram Group people lived in light huts. It seems that they were basically herdsmen. Recent archaeological finds of Egyptian pottery in Jebel Mokram Group assemblages provide more details about contacts with Egypt. Eastern Sudan was interacting with Egypt in the second half of the third and into the second millennium BC.

References

Literature

* {{cite journal , last=Manzo , first=Andrea , title=Back to Mahal Teglinos: New Pharaonic Evidence from Eastern Sudan , journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology , publisher=SAGE Publications , volume=106 , issue=1-2 , year=2020 , issn=0307-5133 , doi=10.1177/0307513320966615 , pages=89–104, doi-access=free , hdl=11574/196305 , hdl-access=free Neolithic cultures of Africa Jebel Mokram Group Jebel Mokram Group