Jeb Magruder
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Jeb Stuart Magruder (November 5, 1934May 11, 2014) was an American businessman and high-level political operative in the Republican Party who served time in prison for his role in the
Watergate scandal The Watergate scandal was a major political scandal in the United States involving the Presidency of Richard Nixon, administration of President Richard Nixon. The scandal began in 1972 and ultimately led to Resignation of Richard Nixon, Nix ...
. He served President
Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until Resignation of Richard Nixon, his resignation in 1974. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican ...
in various capacities, including acting as special assistant to the President for domestic policy development, and later as deputy director of the president's 1972 re-election campaign,
Committee for the Re-Election of the President The Committee for the Re-election of the President (or the Committee to Re-elect the President, CRP, but often mocked by the acronym CREEP) was, officially, a fundraising organization of United States President Richard Nixon's 1972 re-election ...
(CRP). In August 1973, Magruder pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to wiretap, obstruct justice and defraud the United States. He served seven months in federal prison. Magruder later attended
Princeton Theological Seminary Princeton Theological Seminary (PTSem), officially The Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church, is a Private university, private seminary, school of theology in Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Establish ...
and was ordained as a Presbyterian minister. He spoke publicly about ethics and his role in the Watergate scandal. In the 1990s and early 2000s, he gave interviews in which he changed his accounts of actions by various participants in the Watergate coverup, including claiming that Nixon ordered the break-ins.


Early life

Jeb Stuart Magruder was born and grew up in the Fort Wadsworth section of
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, the son of middle-class printing company owner Donald Dilworth Magruder and his wife, Edith Woolverton Magruder. Magruder's paternal family had roots in southern Maryland, and his ancestors sided with the Confederacy during the American Civil War. His great-grandfather smuggled shoes for the Confederacy during the conflict, and Magruder's father, a Civil War buff and horseman, named Magruder after Confederate general and cavalry officer J.E.B. Stuart. "My father's political views were very much those of a conservative Southerner, including his views on race," Magruder wrote in his autobiography. Magruder's grandfather Robert Magruder moved from Baltimore to Staten Island in 1899, eventually becoming president of Johnson Shipyard Corporation in Mariner's Harbor. In 1921, however, he was indicted for bank fraud related to the construction of
World War I World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
cargo ships. He was subsequently convicted and spent six months in prison, depleting the family's financial resources. Magruder's father served in World War I in France with the 27th Infantry Division and returned to work for his father's shipyard corporation as well as a printing company he had started with his brother. He married Edith Woolverton in 1923. Magruder was the second of their two children, born in November 1934 after his brother, Don, was born in June 1930. Magruder attended public schools on Staten Island. He was an honor student at Curtis High School and excelled in tennis and swimming. After two years at
Williams College Williams College is a Private college, private liberal arts colleges in the United States, liberal arts college in Williamstown, Massachusetts, United States. It was established as a men's college in 1793 with funds from the estate of Ephraim ...
, where he joined Phi Delta Theta and competed on the swimming team, Magruder took a leave of absence to serve in the U.S. Army. But he was kicked out of Officer Candidate School of the United States Army at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, only weeks before graduation for going AWOL by skipping a study hall to take the daughter of a colonel out in a new Chevrolet. He was then stationed in
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. He returned to Williams in the fall of 1956 and earned a Bachelor of Arts in
political science Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and Power (social and political), power, and the analysis of political activities, political philosophy, political thought, polit ...
in 1958. Magruder started at
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after college, but dropped out of its training program after only a few days. He moved to San Francisco, got a sales job with the Crown Zellerbach Corporation, and began dating Gail Barnes Nicholas, then a student at the University of California at Berkeley. Magruder and Nicholas, the daughter of a prominent attorney from Los Angeles, were married in Los Angeles on October 17, 1959. Around the same time, Crown Zellerbach transferred Magruder to Kansas City to sell the company's paper products throughout Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Nebraska.


Marriage and family

Magruder married Gail Barnes Nicholas on October 17, 1959, in Los Angeles. The couple had four children. They were divorced in 1984. Magruder married Patricia Newton on February 28, 1987, in
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. They were divorced in May 2003.


Business career and politics

Magruder became involved in Kansas City as a campaign manager for the Republican Party during the 1960 election campaign, working as chairman of an urban ward. He moved to Chicago in 1961 to attend the University of Chicago's night MBA program and took a job as the manager of the consulting firm
Booz Allen Hamilton Booz Allen Hamilton Holding Corporation (informally Booz Allen) is the parent of Booz Allen Hamilton Inc., an American company specializing in intelligence, AI, and digital transformation. It is headquartered in McLean, Virginia, in the Washing ...
's local office. In Chicago, he again was involved with politics and the Republican Party. Magruder served as a ward chairman for
Donald Rumsfeld Donald Henry Rumsfeld (July 9, 1932 – June 29, 2021) was an American politician, businessman, and naval officer who served as United States Secretary of Defense, secretary of defense from 1975 to 1977 under President Gerald Ford, and again ...
s 1962 Illinois's 13th congressional district
United States House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the lower house, with the U.S. Senate being the upper house. Together, the House and Senate have the authority under Artic ...
Republican
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campaign. Rumsfeld won the primary and the seat in Congress. In 1962 Magruder moved from Booz Allen Hamilton to Jewel, a regional grocery firm. During his nearly four years with them, he was promoted to merchandise manager. Magruder became involved with the Illinois organization of the
Barry Goldwater Barry Morris Goldwater (January 2, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was an American politician and major general in the United States Air Force, Air Force Reserve who served as a United States senator from 1953 to 1965 and 1969 to 1987, and was the Re ...
presidential campaign in late 1963, but became disillusioned with Goldwater's political views. He worked briefly as campaign manager for Richard Ogilvie's 1966 campaign for president of the Cook County Board of Supervisors. The political workload, combined with work pressures, caused Magruder to end employment with Jewel. In mid-1966, he returned to California, to begin a job with the Broadway Stores. In mid-1967, he served as Southern California coordinator for the
Richard Nixon Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913April 22, 1994) was the 37th president of the United States, serving from 1969 until Resignation of Richard Nixon, his resignation in 1974. A member of the Republican Party (United States), Republican ...
presidential campaign. He left early in 1968 due to internal organizational problems. Magruder entered partnership during early 1969 with two other entrepreneurs to start two new businesses, and became president and chief executive officer of these firms.


White House staff

Magruder was appointed to the
White House The White House is the official residence and workplace of the president of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest (Washington, D.C.), NW in Washington, D.C., it has served as the residence of every U.S. president ...
staff in 1969, as special assistant to the president, and moved with his family to Washington, D.C. Magruder was recruited to the White House staff by Chief of Staff H.R. Haldeman, who gave Magruder the task of helping "organize a more effective White House public relations program." In 1970, he moved to the Office of Communications, serving as deputy director under Communications Director Herbert G. Klein. In that role, Magruder authored an October 17, 1969, memorandum to Haldeman entitled "The Shotgun versus the Rifle" which suggested that the Nixon administration take systematic action against media outlets perceived as unfavorable rather than complain to individual editors and reporters after stories that annoyed the president and his deputies: "I suggested that we might begin an unofficial monitoring system of the media through the FCC to see if unfair coverage could be documented; we might have the Justice Department's antitrust division look into possible violations among various news empires; we might have the IRS investigate the networks and newspapers most hostile to us; we might play favorites with the media, as I noted, the Kennedy Administration had; finally, we might have the Republican National Committee set up a major letter-writing program." Magruder later cast the memo as an attempt to dissuade Haldeman from pressing the White House communications staff to continually hector the press for perceived unfair coverage.


Committee to Re-elect the President

Magruder served in the White House until the spring of 1971, when he left to manage the
Committee for the Re-Election of the President The Committee for the Re-election of the President (or the Committee to Re-elect the President, CRP, but often mocked by the acronym CREEP) was, officially, a fundraising organization of United States President Richard Nixon's 1972 re-election ...
(CRP, also known as CREEP), first as director. By early 1972 in the election year,
Attorney General In most common law jurisdictions, the attorney general (: attorneys general) or attorney-general (AG or Atty.-Gen) is the main legal advisor to the government. In some jurisdictions, attorneys general also have executive responsibility for law enf ...
John N. Mitchell took over as director of CREEP and Magruder acted as his deputy. As Mitchell became preoccupied with a scandal involving the
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and by his efforts to restrain his outspoken wife
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, Magruder took on more of the management of the CREEP. The 1972 campaign to re-elect the President won 49 of 50 states. Nixon lost only
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and the
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to Democrat
George McGovern George Stanley McGovern (July 19, 1922 – October 21, 2012) was an American politician, diplomat, and historian who was a U.S. representative and three-term U.S. senator from South Dakota, and the Democratic Party (United States), Democ ...
. The final tally of Nixon's victory was 520 to 17 electoral votes, the second largest
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margin in history up until then, after
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's 1936 victory over
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, (523 to 8).


Manages 1973 Inaugural

Magruder worked as inaugural director from October 1972 to arrange Nixon's United States presidential inauguration ceremony and celebration in January 1973. In March 1973, he began a job as director of policy planning with the
United States Department of Commerce The United States Department of Commerce (DOC) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government. It is responsible for gathering data for business and governmental decision making, establishing industrial standards, catalyzing econ ...
. He resigned soon afterward, as the Watergate scandal began to heat up and become scrutinized again by media following James McCord's disclosures of
perjury Perjury (also known as forswearing) is the intentional act of swearing a false oath or falsifying an affirmation to tell the truth, whether spoken or in writing, concerning matters material to an official proceeding."Perjury The act or an insta ...
during the original Watergate trial of the five burglars; the former Watergate burglar wrote about this to the '' Washington Star.''


Watergate scandal

Magruder, in his role with CRP, was involved with the Watergate matters from an early stage, including its planning, execution, and cover-up.


Liddy plan

Magruder met with White House Counsel
John Dean John Wesley Dean III (born October 14, 1938) is a disbarred American attorney who served as White House Counsel for U.S. President Richard Nixon from July 1970 until April 1973. Dean is known for his role in the cover-up of the Watergate scan ...
and John Mitchell on January 27 and February 4, 1972, to review preliminary plans by G. Gordon Liddy (Counsel to CRP) for intelligence gathering ideas for the 1972 campaign. The Watergate burglaries would evolve from those meetings. From the day they met in December 1971, Magruder and Liddy (who had been hired by Mitchell and Dean) had a conflicted personal relationship.


Cooperates with prosecutors

During April 1973, Magruder began cooperating with federal
prosecutor A prosecutor is a legal representative of the prosecution in states with either the adversarial system, which is adopted in common law, or inquisitorial system, which is adopted in Civil law (legal system), civil law. The prosecution is the ...
s. In exchange, Magruder was allowed to plead guilty in August 1973 to a one-count indictment of
conspiracy A conspiracy, also known as a plot, ploy, or scheme, is a secret plan or agreement between people (called conspirers or conspirators) for an unlawful or harmful purpose, such as murder, treason, or corruption, especially with a political motivat ...
to obstruct justice, to defraud the United States, and to illegally eavesdrop on the Democratic Party's national headquarters at the Watergate Hotel and Office Building. During this time, Magruder also engaged in a speaking tour on college campuses and in other public spaces, inspiring some critics to suggest he had profited from the scandal and his decision to turn state's evidence. On May 21, 1974, Magruder was sentenced by Judge
John Sirica John Joseph Sirica (March 19, 1904 – August 14, 1992) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, where he became famous for his role in the trials stemming from the Watergate scandal. ...
to ten months to four years for his role in the failed burglary of Watergate and the following cover-up. After his sentencing, Magruder said, "I am confident that this country will survive its Watergates and its Jeb Magruders." In the end, he served three months of his sentence at a Federal minimum security prison in Allenwood, Pennsylvania, and was moved for the remaining four months (before Sirica's pardon) to a "safe house prison" at the Fort Holabird Base in Baltimore Harbor, along with Chuck Colson, John Dean and Herb Kalmbach, due to threats on the four by inmates at Allenwood. Magruder originally testified that he knew nothing to indicate that President Nixon had any prior knowledge of the Watergate burglary. In his book, ''An American Life: One Man's Road to Watergate'' (1974), he wrote,
I know nothing to indicate that Nixon was aware in advance of the plan to break into the Democratic headquarters. It is possible that Mitchell or Haldeman told him in advance, but I think it's likelier that they would not have mentioned it unless the operation had produced some results of interest to him.
This book was published before Magruder's sentencing on May 21, and before Nixon resigned as the president. Magruder had testified that he thought that he was helping establish a legal intelligence-gathering operation. In his book Magruder wrote about former attorney general John Mitchell and
Fred LaRue Frederick Cheney LaRue Sr. (October 11, 1928 – July 24, 2004) was an aide in the administration of U.S. President Richard Nixon. He served a short prison sentence for his role in the Watergate break-in and the subsequent Watergate scan ...
meeting in late March 1972 in
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. He wrote that Mitchell approved the plan to eavesdrop on the Watergate complex soon after this meeting.


After Watergate

After his prison term, Magruder published a Christian-oriented memoir, ''From Power to Peace'' in 1976. He earned a
Master of Divinity For graduate-level theological institutions, the Master of Divinity (MDiv, ''magister divinitatis'' in Latin) is the first professional degree of the pastoral profession in North America. It is the most common academic degree in seminaries and ...
(M.Div.) degree from
Princeton Theological Seminary Princeton Theological Seminary (PTSem), officially The Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church, is a Private university, private seminary, school of theology in Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. Establish ...
in 1981 and became ordained as a
Presbyterian Presbyterianism is a historically Reformed Protestant tradition named for its form of church government by representative assemblies of elders, known as "presbyters". Though other Reformed churches are structurally similar, the word ''Pr ...
minister. He served as associate minister at the First Presbyterian Church in Burlingame, California and First Community Church of Columbus, Ohio. (While there, Magruder chaired that city's Commission on Ethics and Values for a time.) In May 1983, President
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denied a request from Magruder for a presidential
pardon A pardon is a government decision to allow a person to be relieved of some or all of the legal consequences resulting from a criminal conviction. A pardon may be granted before or after conviction for the crime, depending on the laws of the j ...
. In 1990 Magruder was called as senior pastor at the First Presbyterian Church of
Lexington, Kentucky Lexington is a Consolidated city-county, consolidated city coterminous with and the county seat of Fayette County, Kentucky, United States. As of the 2020 United States census, 2020 census the city's population was 322,570, making it the List of ...
. In 1995,
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Governor Brereton Jones reinstated Magruder's right to vote, and campaign for public office in the state.


Continued controversy

In 1990 Magruder consented to interviews with authors Len Colodny and Robert Gettlin while the two were conducting research for their 1991 book ''Silent Coup: The Removal of a President'' (St. Martin's Press). Magruder admitted that he had lied to prosecutors, to the Senate's Watergate Committee, and in his 1974 book ''An American Life: One Man's Road to Watergate'', concerning aspects of the early cover-up. To Colodny and Gettlin, he said that he had called John Dean several hours after the (second) Watergate break-in was discovered, and that Dean set in motion several cover-up strategies. This version of events tallied closely with that of Liddy, as set out in his 1980 book ''Will''. Books published earlier by others, however, such as Magruder's in 1974 and Dean's ''Blind Ambition'' (1976), had become the accepted 'truth' of the cover-up. These versions had very profound and damaging effects on the reputations of senior figures such as Haldeman, John Ehrlichman and Mitchell. To Colodny and Gettlin, Magruder admitted specifically instructing Liddy on the second Watergate break-in, something which he had earlier denied. At the time these interviews were conducted, Magruder was a Presbyterian minister in Columbus, Ohio.Len Colodny and Robert Gettlin, ''Silent Coup: The Removal of a President'', New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991 In 2003 Magruder was interviewed again, by PBS researchers and the Associated Press. According to his account in a PBS documentary, ''Watergate Plus 30: Shadow of History'', and in an interview with the
Associated Press The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit organization, not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City. Founded in 1846, it operates as a cooperative, unincorporated association, and produces news reports that are dist ...
, he asserted that Nixon knew about the Watergate burglary early in the process, and well before the scandal broke. During the 2003 interviews, Magruder said that he had attended a meeting with Mitchell on March 30, 1972, at which he heard Nixon tell Mitchell by telephone to begin the Watergate plan. This account, however, has been contested by Fred LaRue. LaRue, who was the only other person present at the meeting in which the alleged telephone call from Nixon to Mitchell occurred, has said that no telephone call from Nixon to Mitchell took place during this meeting. Magruder is the only direct participant of the scandal to claim that Nixon had specific prior knowledge of the Watergate burglary, and that Nixon directed Mitchell to proceed with the burglary. These statements contradict Magruder's earlier accounts that the cover-up had reached no higher in the Administration than Mitchell. In his 1974 book, Magruder had said that the only telephone call from the White House during this meeting came from H.R. Haldeman's aide, Gordon C. Strachan. Sixteen years later, in the August 7, 1990 interview with Colodny and Gettlin, Magruder changed his account, claiming that the telephone call from the White House came from Haldeman himself. In 2003, Magruder changed his account again, saying that President Nixon had telephoned Mitchell at the Key Biscayne meeting.


Later years

Magruder retired first to
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and later to the Short North area of
Columbus, Ohio Columbus (, ) is the List of capitals in the United States, capital and List of cities in Ohio, most populous city of the U.S. state of Ohio. With a 2020 United States census, 2020 census population of 905,748, it is the List of United States ...
. On July 23, 2007, Magruder was hospitalized after crashing his car into a motorcycle and a truck on State Route 315 in Columbus. It was reported that Magruder had suffered a stroke while driving. He was charged with failure to maintain an assured clear distance and failure to stop after an accident or collision. Magruder pleaded guilty in January 2008 to a charge of reckless operation stemming from the crashes with two vehicles in July. His license was suspended and he was fined $300.


Death

Magruder moved to be near family in
Danbury, Connecticut Danbury ( ) is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States, located approximately northeast of New York City. Danbury's population as of 2020 was 86,518. It is the third-largest city in Western Connecticut, and the seventh-largest ...
in 2012, and died at age 79 on May 11, 2014, due to complications from a stroke.


References


Sources

* * Len Colodny and Robert Gettlin, ''Silent Coup: The Removal of a President'', New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991 * Jeb Stuart Magruder, ''An American Life: One Man's Road to Watergate'', New York 1974, Atheneum **published before Magruder's sentencing on May 21, and before Nixon's resignation. {{DEFAULTSORT:Magruder, Jeb Stuart 1934 births 2014 deaths American memoirists American Presbyterian ministers Booz Allen Hamilton people IBM employees Members of the Committee for the Re-Election of the President American people convicted of obstruction of justice Businesspeople from Staten Island Princeton Theological Seminary alumni United States Army soldiers University of Chicago alumni Williams College alumni New York (state) Republicans Kentucky Republicans California Republicans Ohio Republicans Military personnel from New York City Writers from New York City Curtis High School alumni People convicted in the Watergate scandal