Jean Esther Floud (''née'' McDonald; 3 November 1915 – 28 March 2013) was a prominent educational sociologist and later an academic. She was the Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge, from 1972 to 1983.

Early life

She was born Jean Esther McDonald to working-class parents and went to primary and secondary schools in her home town of

Westcliff-on-Sea Westcliff-on-Sea (previously known as Milton, often abbreviated to Westcliff, and in the past spelt as Westcliffe-on-Sea) is a suburb of the city of Southend-on-Sea, located within the ceremonial county of Essex, England. It is on the north sh ...

, Essex. In 1927, the family moved to

Stoke Newington Stoke Newington is an area in the northwest part of the London Borough of Hackney, England. The area is northeast of Charing Cross. The Manor of Stoke Newington gave its name to Stoke Newington (parish), Stoke Newington, the ancient parish. S ...

, north London where she won a free place at North Hackney Central School for Girls, a grammar school. She studied sociology at the

London School of Economics The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), established in 1895, is a public research university in London, England, and a member institution of the University of London. The school specialises in the social sciences. Founded ...

(LSE) under David Glass, TH Marshall, Morris Ginsberg and

Karl Mannheim Karl Mannheim (born Károly Manheim, 27 March 1893 – 9 January 1947) was a Hungarian sociologist and a key figure in classical sociology as well as one of the founders of the sociology of knowledge. Mannheim is best known for his book '' Id ...

. She graduated from LSE as a Hobhouse Memorial Prize winner in 1936.

Academic work

Floud worked as the assistant director of education in Oxford (1940–46), then returned to LSE and taught there and at the Institute of Education (1947‑62). With A. H. Halsey and F. M. Martin, she co-authored ''Social Class and Educational Opportunity'' (1956). Her next book was ''Education, Economy, and Society: A Reader in the Sociology of Education'' (1961), co-authored with Halsey and . ''Social Class and Educational Opportunity'' gave evidence that the 11-plus exam for grammar school entrance was unfair to working-class children. Floud wrote that "within wide limits, the educability of children is determined by the subtle interaction of the social influences of home and school". Their findings started a long debate on the value and fairness of the 11-plus exam.

Academic posts

In 1962 Floud was appointed as the second female Fellow of

Nuffield College Nuffield College () is one of the Colleges of the University of Oxford, constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. It is a graduate college specialising in the social sciences, particularly economics, politics and sociology. N ...

, Oxford (1962–72). She was made an Honorary Fellow at Nuffield in 1983. Floud was a member of the committee that produced the Franks Report (1957) which proposed reforms to ensure a more efficient administration of Oxford University. Her membership in this led, in 1972, to an invitation to become Principal of Newnham College, Cambridge. Following her retirement as Principal of Newnham College in 1983 she was elected into an Honorary Fellowship of the college. She was made an Honorary Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge in 1986 and also received honorary degrees from the universities of Leeds (1973), City (1978) and London (2003).

Honours

Floud was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in the 1976 New Year Honours. She turned down the offer of a life peerage from James Callaghan's Labour government.

Publications

* ''Social Class and Educational Opportunity'' (1956), co-authored with A. H. Halsey and F. M. Martin * ''Education, Economy, and Society: A Reader in the Sociology of Education'' (1961), co-authored with A. H. Halsey and C Arnold Anderson * ''The Sociology of Education: A Trend Report and Bibliography'' (1965) * ''Dangerousness and Criminal Justice'' (Heinemann, 1981), co-authored with Warren A. Young

Personal life

Jean Esther McDonald was born in Westcliff-on-Sea, Essex. Her father was a cobbler and shoe salesman. Her mother was a shop assistant who suffered from frequent ill-health. While at LSE she met Peter Floud, an Oxford graduate. The couple joined the Communist Party and married in 1938. They had three children: Andrew (1948–1982); Frances (b. 1952); and Esther (b. 1956). Peter died of a brain tumour in 1960; their son Andrew died in a plane crash in 1982. After Newnham in 1983, Floud retired to Oxford where she died on 28 March 2013. During her retirement, she travelled and continued to serve on university committees. She also spent time with her friends, her books, her music, and with the families of her two surviving children Frances and Esther.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Floud, Jean 1915 births 2013 deaths Alumni of the London School of Economics British sociologists British women sociologists Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Comprehensive education Fellows of Newnham College, Cambridge Fellows of Nuffield College, Oxford People from Westcliff-on-Sea Principals of Newnham College, Cambridge