Jean de Menasce (1902–1973) was a

French Catholic The Catholic Church in France, Gallican Church, or French Catholic Church, is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope in Rome. Established in the 2nd century in unbroken communion with the bishop of Rome, it was sometim ...

priest, of the

Dominican Order The Order of Preachers (, abbreviated OP), commonly known as the Dominican Order, is a Catholic Church, Catholic mendicant order of pontifical right that was founded in France by a Castilians, Castilian priest named Saint Dominic, Dominic de Gu ...

, as well as an author and academic. He came from Jewish Egyptian and French parentage. Over his lifetime he mastered fifteen languages, including

Hebrew Hebrew (; ''ʿÎbrit'') is a Northwest Semitic languages, Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic languages, Afroasiatic language family. A regional dialect of the Canaanite languages, it was natively spoken by the Israelites and ...

, Syriac, and

Pahlavi Pahlavi may refer to: Iranian royalty *Seven Parthian clans, ruling Parthian families during the Sasanian Empire *Pahlavi dynasty, the ruling house of Imperial State of Persia/Iran from 1925 until 1979 **Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878–1944), Shah of ...

. He was in the Catholic contingent among Jewish and Protestant leaders at an important post-war interfaith conference. Menasce wrote as a

theologian Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity. It is taught as an academic discipline, typically in universities and seminaries. It occupies itself with the unique content of ...

, and as a scholar of

Middle Eastern studies Middle Eastern studies, sometimes referred to as Near Eastern studies, West Asian Studies or South Western Asian studies, is a name given to a number of academic programs associated with the study of the history, culture, politics, economies, an ...

, especially regarding

Judaism Judaism () is an Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic, Monotheism, monotheistic, ethnic religion that comprises the collective spiritual, cultural, and legal traditions of the Jews, Jewish people. Religious Jews regard Judaism as their means of o ...

, and the

Zoroastrian Zoroastrianism ( ), also called Mazdayasnā () or Beh-dīn (), is an Iranian religion centred on the Avesta and the teachings of Zarathushtra Spitama, who is more commonly referred to by the Greek translation, Zoroaster ( ). Among the wo ...

religion.

Early years

Jean de Menasce was born in

Alexandria Alexandria ( ; ) is the List of cities and towns in Egypt#Largest cities, second largest city in Egypt and the List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea, largest city on the Mediterranean coast. It lies at the western edge of the Nile ...

on 24 December 1902 into a well-established family in the Jewish community of Egypt. His father, ''Baron'' Félix de Menasce, a banker with Austro-Hungarian links, was head of the Jewish community in Alexandria; he had been raised to the peerage by the Emperor of Austria. Jean's mother was French from a Spanish line. A cousin of Jean de Menasce was the writer and diplomat

Georges Cattaui Georges Cattaui (14 September 1896 – 1974) was a French writer of Egyptian-Jewish origin. First cousin of Jean de Menasce, he belonged to the Jewish aristocracy of Alexandria, where he spent his first years. Biography Born in Paris on 14 Se ...

, six years his senior. A second cousin was the composer and pianist Jacques de Menasce. After the local lycée français, Jean de Menasce remained in Cairo studying at its French School of Law. Thereafter he continued his education in Europe, at

Oxford University The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the second-oldest continuously operating u ...

and at the Sorbonne. During the course of his student years, de Menasce had left behind his religious beliefs. At Oxford's

Balliol College Balliol College () is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded in 1263 by nobleman John I de Balliol, it has a claim to be the oldest college in Oxford and the English-speaking world. With a governing body of a master and ar ...

, he was a classmate of the future novelist

Graham Greene Henry Graham Greene (2 October 1904 – 3 April 1991) was an English writer and journalist regarded by many as one of the leading novelists of the 20th century. Combining literary acclaim with widespread popularity, Greene acquired a re ...

, who also would convert to Catholicism in 1926. Menasce translated into French works of the English poet

T. S. Eliot Thomas Stearns Eliot (26 September 18884 January 1965) was a poet, essayist and playwright.Bush, Ronald. "T. S. Eliot's Life and Career", in John A Garraty and Mark C. Carnes (eds), ''American National Biography''. New York: Oxford University ...

, a friend. In 1922 he made the French translation of a book by the philosopher

Bertrand Russell Bertrand Arthur William Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, (18 May 1872 – 2 February 1970) was a British philosopher, logician, mathematician, and public intellectual. He had influence on mathematics, logic, set theory, and various areas of analytic ...

, whom he knew as a fellow member of

Lady Ottoline Morrell Lady Ottoline Violet Anne Morrell (née Cavendish-Bentinck; 16 June 1873 – 21 April 1938) was an English Aristocracy (class), aristocrat and society hostess. Her patronage was influential in artistic and intellectual circles, where she befri ...

's salon at Oxford. From the poetry of

John Donne John Donne ( ; 1571 or 1572 – 31 March 1631) was an English poet, scholar, soldier and secretary born into a recusant family, who later became a clergy, cleric in the Church of England. Under Royal Patronage, he was made Dean of St Paul's, D ...

, the 17th-century

Anglican Anglicanism, also known as Episcopalianism in some countries, is a Western Christianity, Western Christian tradition which developed from the practices, liturgy, and identity of the Church of England following the English Reformation, in the ...

priest, he had also made French versions. Thus he already enjoyed some recognition when in 1926 he became a convert to

Catholicism The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...

Conversion

In the meantime, de Menasce had continued to study law and philosophy at the Sorbonne in Paris. Then, while pursuing his interest in Zionism,

Chaim Weizmann Chaim Azriel Weizmann ( ; 27 November 1874 – 9 November 1952) was a Russian-born Israeli statesman, biochemist, and Zionist leader who served as president of the World Zionist Organization, Zionist Organization and later as the first pre ...

, a family friend and future President of Israel, appointed him secretary of the Zionist Bureau in Geneva. He then traveled to Jerusalem. Returning to Paris, de Menasce entered a period of personal spiritual crisis, and painful growth. He began his lifelong friendship with the Catholic philosopher

Jacques Maritain Jacques Maritain (; 18 November 1882 – 28 April 1973) was a French Catholic philosopher. Raised as a Protestant, he was agnostic before converting to Catholicism in 1906. An author of more than 60 books, he helped to revive Thomas Aqui ...

and his Jewish wife Raissa, both converts from

agnosticism Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, the divine, or the supernatural is either unknowable in principle or unknown in fact. (page 56 in 1967 edition) It can also mean an apathy towards such religious belief and refer t ...

twenty years earlier. Another decisive new friend was

Louis Massignon Louis Massignon (25 July 1883 – 31 October 1962) was a French Catholic scholar of Islam and a pioneer of Catholic-Muslim mutual understanding. He was an influential figure in the twentieth century with regard to the Catholic Church's relatio ...

, a scholar whose 4-volume study of the Islamic mystic

Al-Hallaj Mansour al-Hallaj () or Mansour Hallaj () ( 26 March 922) (Islamic calendar, Hijri 309 AH) was a Persian people, Persian Hanbali school, HanbaliChristopher Melchert, "The Ḥanābila and the Early Sufis," ''Arabica'', T. 48, Fasc. 3 (2001), ...

had just been published. Massignon, also a convert, had met de Menasce at the ''La Revue juive''

he Jewish Review He or HE may refer to: Language * He (letter), the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads * He (pronoun), a pronoun in Modern English * He (kana), one of the Japanese kana (へ in hiragana and ヘ in katakana) * Ge (Cyrillic), a Cyrillic letter call ...

In this learned milieu, in an atmosphere of intense spiritual awareness, de Menasce converted. During his inquiring approach to Christianity with Massignon he had discussed the mystics

Theresa of Avila Teresa (also Theresa, Therese; ) is a feminine given name. It originates in the Iberian Peninsula in late antiquity. Its derivation is uncertain, it may be derived from Greek θερίζω (''therízō'') "to harvest or reap", or from θέ ...

and

Francis of Assisi Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone ( 1181 – 3 October 1226), known as Francis of Assisi, was an Italians, Italian Mysticism, mystic, poet and Friar, Catholic friar who founded the religious order of the Franciscans. Inspired to lead a Chris ...

. He had also followed the modern naisance of Jewish-Christian dialogue. After his

baptism Baptism (from ) is a Christians, Christian sacrament of initiation almost invariably with the use of water. It may be performed by aspersion, sprinkling or affusion, pouring water on the head, or by immersion baptism, immersing in water eit ...

he spent the first months writing his book on

Hassidism Hasidism () or Hasidic Judaism is a religious movement within Judaism that arose in the 18th century as a spiritual revival movement in contemporary Western Ukraine before spreading rapidly throughout Eastern Europe. Today, most of those affi ...

, ''Quand Israel aime Dieu''. According to

Adrian Hastings Adrian Hastings (23 June 1929 – 30 May 2001) was a Catholic Church, Roman Catholic priest, historian and author. He wrote a book about the Wiriyamu Massacre during the Mozambican War of Independence and became an influential scholar of Christ ...

The book was "an exceptionally beautiful study of Jewish Hasidic holiness. It was, in a way, his farewell tribute to the religion of his ancestors, but one feels that he was able to make it only after he had rediscovered the God of Israel through the discovery of Jesus as Messiah."

He then spent two years in Cairo at his father's request. In 1930 he entered the

. His formation for the priesthood was conducted in Belgium at

Le Saulchoir Le Saulchoir is a Dominican school of theology in the order's province of France, established in 1904. After the expulsion from France in 1880, French Dominican friars went into exile in Spain and Austria; they were allowed to return in 1895, es ...

de Kain, and he was ordained in 1935.

As scholar-priest

Roles in the Church

Following an earlier suggestion of Massignon, Fr. Jean de Menasce pursued studies in the

Syriac language The Syriac language ( ; ), also known natively in its spoken form in early Syriac literature as Edessan (), the Mesopotamian language () and Aramaic (), is an Aramaic#Eastern Middle Aramaic, Eastern Middle Aramaic dialect. Classical Syriac is ...

. It led him into the academic world of religious studies, eventually becoming a professor. "The relationship of Christianity to Judaism and Islam, and to all the great world religions was central to his

missiology Missiology is the academic study of the Christian mission history and methodology. It began to be developed as an academic discipline in the 19th century. Definition Broadly speaking, missiology is "an interdisciplinary field of inquiry into Ch ...

." Hence his scholarly affinity to the

Islamists Islamism is a range of Religion, religious and Politics, political ideological movements that believe that Islam should influence political systems. Its proponents believe Islam is innately political, and that Islam as a political system is su ...

Massignon, Abd-el Jalil, and Louis Gardet, as well as Hendrik Kraemer. In this context de Menasce approached the theme of

Catholic missions Missionary work of the Catholic Church has often been undertaken outside the geographically defined parishes and dioceses by religious orders who have people and material resources to spare, and some of which specialized in missions. Eventually, p ...

after

the second world war World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies and the Axis powers. Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising ...

. "The relationship of Christianity to Judaism and Islam, and to all the great world religions was central to his

." The priest and professor exerted an important influence within the wide horizons of French Catholic intellectual life. De Menasce was a close friend of the art critic :fr:Stanislas Fumet, of the essayist

Charles Du Bos Charles Du Bos (27 October 1882 – 5 August 1939) was a French essayist and critic, known for works including ''Approximations'' (1922–37), a seven-volume collection of essays and letters, and for his ''Journal'', an autobiographical work publ ...

, and of the ill-fated writer Maurice Sachs, in addition to the above philosopher Jacques Maritain. Menasce also participated in the neo-Thomist revival within his Church, following Cardinal

Charles Journet Charles Journet (26 January 1891 – 15 April 1975) was a Swiss Roman Catholic theologian. He was the first Swiss named a cardinal. Journet has been considered a figure of holiness and a candidate for canonisation; he has been accorded the tit ...

and Professor Maritain among others.

Jewish-Christian relations

De Menasce was continuously involved in fostering

Jewish-Christian relations Christianity began as a movement within Second Temple Judaism, and the two religions gradually diverged over the first few centuries of the Christian era. Today, differences in opinion vary between denominations in both religions, but the most ...

. He played a major role in its evolution during the painful yet persistently hopeful post-war years. During this period, de Menasce lectured on contemporary Jewish thought, e.g., that of philosopher

Emmanuel Levinas Emmanuel Levinas (born Emanuelis Levinas ; ; 12 January 1906 – 25 December 1995) was a French philosopher of Lithuanian Jewish ancestry who is known for his work within Jewish philosophy, existentialism, and phenomenology, focusing on the rel ...

. He was one of nine Catholic participants among the seventy Jewish and Christian leaders at the

Seelisberg Conference The Seelisberg Conference, officially the International Emergency Conference on Anti-Semitism took place at Seelisberg in Central Switzerland from 30 July to 5 August 1947. The Conference was the Second Conference of the International Council of ...

on the

Shoah The Holocaust (), known in Hebrew language, Hebrew as the (), was the genocide of History of the Jews in Europe, European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and Collaboration with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy ...

in 1947. This international religious gathering in Switzerland addressed the world of pain and grief left by the searing ideological conflict. Sponsored by the

International Council of Christians and Jews The International Council of Christians and Jews (ICCJ) is an umbrella organization of 38 national groups in 32 countries worldwide engaged in the Christian-Jewish dialogue. Founded as a reaction to the Holocaust, many groups of theologians, hist ...

(ICCJ), it faced

antisemitism Antisemitism or Jew-hatred is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who harbours it is called an antisemite. Whether antisemitism is considered a form of racism depends on the school of thought. Antisemi ...

, seeking to heal wounds and to bridge divides, recent and ancient.

Zoroastrian studies

Iranian studies Iranian studies ( '), also referred to as Iranology and Iranistics, is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the research and study of the civilization, history, literature, art and culture of Iranian peoples. It is a part of the wider field ...

de Menasce excelled. He became a recognized expert, a leader in the field. In the late 1930s he had studied with

Émile Benveniste Émile Benveniste (; 27 May 1902 – 3 October 1976) was a French Structuralism, structural linguistics, linguist and semiotics, semiotician. He is best known for his work on Indo-European languages and his critical reformulation of the linguist ...

in Fribourg. During the war he prepared his translation of the Škand-Gumānīk Vičār by Mardan-Farrukk, a ninth century

. The book included transcriptions of the text in

and in

Pazand Pazend () or Pazand (; ) is one of the writing systems used for the Middle Persian language. It was based on the Avestan alphabet, a phonetic alphabet originally used to write Avestan, the language of the Avesta, the primary sacred texts of Zor ...

, a glossary, and his extensive annotations. He scrutinized the comparative theology of this polemical work, which consciously employs reason to criticize the monotheism of Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Each of its chapters is introduced, translated into French, and followed by commentary. The clarity of his language was remarkable. The book was dedicated to his teacher and friend, Professor Benveniste. In 1947 the

University of Paris The University of Paris (), known Metonymy, metonymically as the Sorbonne (), was the leading university in Paris, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the French Revolution. Emerging around 1150 as a corporation associated wit ...

invited him to give a series of seminars at the Sorbonne on the Zoroastrian texts, the Denkart. His work here was published in 1958. Menasce was a leader in investigating the

epigraphy Epigraphy () is the study of inscriptions, or epigraphs, as writing; it is the science of identifying graphemes, clarifying their meanings, classifying their uses according to dates and cultural contexts, and drawing conclusions about the wr ...

of the

Sasanian Empire The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranian peoples, Iranians"), was an List of monarchs of Iran, Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, th ...

. With

Henry Corbin Henry Corbin (14 April 1903 – 7 October 1978) was a French philosopher, theologian, and Iranologist, professor of Islamic studies at the École pratique des hautes études. He was influential in extending the modern study of traditional Islami ...

and

Gilbert Lazard Gilbert Lazard ( – ) was a French linguist and Iranologist. His works include the study of various Iranian languages, translations of classical Persian poetry, and research on linguistic typology, notably on morphosyntactic alignment. He also ...

he was a founder of the Association pour l'advancement de études iraniennes. His academic production on Zoroastrian subjects accumulated, including an article on imperial Sasanid law. De Menasce illustrated points of convergence between Zoroastrian theological reasoning and the Muslim philosophic school of

Mu'tazila Mu'tazilism (, singular ) is an Islamic theological school that appeared in early Islamic history and flourished in Basra and Baghdad. Its adherents, the Mu'tazilites, were known for their neutrality in the dispute between Ali and his opponents ...

, whereby the deity Allah would be understood as divorced from "all cause" 'toute causalité''of evil in the world. He probed Augustine's period as a

Manichean Manichaeism (; in ; ) is an endangered former major world religion currently only practiced in China around Cao'an,R. van den Broek, Wouter J. Hanegraaff ''Gnosis and Hermeticism from Antiquity to Modern Times''. SUNY Press, 1998 p. 37 found ...

, a dualist religion derived in part from Zoroastrianism; Augustine later converted to Christianity and became a

Church Father The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, Christian Fathers, or Fathers of the Church were ancient and influential Christian theologians and writers who established the intellectual and doctrinal foundations of Christianity. The historical per ...

. His continued study of the Denkart eventually resulted in further seminars at the Sorbonne in 1962-1964, and the posthumous publication of his work on the Denkart's third book.

Publications and posts

The published works of de Menasce include books and articles on subjects including: theology, philosophy, law,

history of religions The history of religion is the written record of human religious feelings, thoughts, and ideas. This period of religious history begins with the invention of writing about 5,200 years ago (3200 BCE). The prehistory of religion involves the st ...

, Zoroastrianism, and also

Zionism Zionism is an Ethnic nationalism, ethnocultural nationalist movement that emerged in History of Europe#From revolution to imperialism (1789–1914), Europe in the late 19th century that aimed to establish and maintain a national home for the ...

, and

. His reputation could rest on his translations alone, made into French from several different languages. Starting in 1936 he had served as professor at the

University of Fribourg The University of Fribourg (; ) is a public university located in Fribourg, Switzerland. The roots of the university can be traced back to 1580, when the notable Jesuit Peter Canisius founded the Collège Saint-Michel in the City of Fribourg ...

in Switzerland. In 1939 in Paris he became research professor for the religions of ancient Iran. In 1945 de Menasce participated in founding the journal ''Nouvelle Revue de Science Missionaire/Neue Zeitschrift für Missionswissenschaft''. 1954-1955, he taught at

Harvard Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Founded in 1636 and named for its first benefactor, the Puritan clergyman John Harvard, it is the oldest institution of higher lear ...

, and at

Princeton Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the Unit ...

, where he renewed his friendship with Jacques Maritain. From 1949 until 1970 he was Director of Studies at l'

École pratique des hautes études The (), abbreviated EPHE, is a French postgraduate top level educational institution, a . EPHE is a constituent college of the Université PSL (together with ENS Ulm, Paris Dauphine or Ecole des Mines). The college is closely linked to É ...

in Paris; here an academic chair had been created especially for him.

An appreciation, his passing

A Muslim colleague said of him, " made possible a degree of communication amongst us that would have been much more difficult in his absence." After suffering strokes in 1959 and 1969, Father de Menasce died at the age of 70 in 1973.Starting text of this article translated 11 July 2012 from "Jean de Menasce" at

Wikipédia francophone The French Wikipedia () is the French-language edition of Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia. This edition was started on 23 March 2001, two months after the official creation of Wikipedia. It has articles as of , making it the -largest ...

Bibliography

Selected publications

Books * ''Quand Israël aime Dieu : Introduction au hassidisme'', préface de Guy Monnot. Paris: Plon, 1931 ; Éditions du Cerf, 1992 ; Cerf, 2007. * ''Arabische Philosophie''. Bern: Francke, 1948. * ''Une Encyclopédie mazdiénne, le Dēnkart'', in journal of ''Bibliothèque de l'École Pratique des Hautes Études'', Sciences Religieuses, LXIX, Paris 1958 (essay collection). * ''Réflexions sur

Zurvan Zurvanism is a fatalistic religious movement of Zoroastrianism in which the divinity Zurvan is a first principle (primordial creator deity) who engendered equal-but-opposite twins, Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyu. Zurvanism is also known as "Zur ...

''. A locust's leg, 1962. * ''Permanence et transformation de la mission'', 1967 (his collected missiological essays, includes the rebuttal to Hendrik Kraemer). * ''La Porte sur le Jardin'', textes recueillis et présentés par Robert Rochefort, introduction du cardinal

. Paris: Cerf, 1975. Articles * "Situation du sionisme", ''Chroniques'', coll. « Roseau d'or » n° 5; Paris: Plon 1928, 53p. * "Augustin manichéen" in Rychar & Boehlich, eds., ''Freudesgabe fũr Ernest Robert Curtius'' (Bern 1956). * "Les religions de l'Iran et l'ancien Testament" (Louvain, c.1958). * "Le temps, le démon et le doute, selon le Mazdéisme" at

Musée Guimet The Guimet Museum (full name in ; ''MNAAG''; ) is a Parisian art museum with one of the largest collections of Asian art outside of Asia that includes items from Cambodia, Thailand, Viet Nam, Tibet, India, and Nepal, among other countries. Foun ...

, 8 March 1959. * "Feux et fondations pieuses dans le droit

sassanid The Sasanian Empire (), officially Eranshahr ( , "Empire of the Iranian peoples, Iranians"), was an List of monarchs of Iran, Iranian empire that was founded and ruled by the House of Sasan from 224 to 651. Enduring for over four centuries, th ...

e", Paris: Klincksieck 1964, 62p. * "Contemplative Life and Missions," IRM 56 (1967): 330-337. * "Zoroastrian

Writings" in ''Cambridge History of Iran'', v. III/2 (1985), pp. 1161-1195. Translations *From English: Bertrand Russell, ''Mysticisme et logique, suivi d'autres essais, traduits de l'anglais, par Jean de Menasce'' (Paris: Payot 1922). *From German: Max Scheler, ''L'homme du ressentiment'' (Paris 1933; Paris: Gallimard 1958). *From Hebrew (collaboration): "Daniel" (Paris: Cerf 1954); included in '' La Bible de Jérusalem'' (Paris: Cerf 1956). *From

: **Mardan-Farrukh, '' Škand-Gumānīk Vičār. La solution décisive des doutes. Une apologétique Mazdéenne du IXe siècle'' (Fribourg en Suisse: Librairie de l'Université 1945). **Artupat i Emetan, ''Le Troisième Livre du

Dēnkart The ''Dēnkard'' or ''Dēnkart'' (Middle Persian: 𐭣𐭩𐭭𐭪𐭠𐭫𐭲 "Acts of Religion") is a 10th-century compendium of Zoroastrian beliefs and customs during the time. The ''Denkard'' has been called an "Encyclopedia of Mazdaism" and ...

'' (Paris: Klincksieck

973 Year 973 ( CMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Spring – The Byzantine army, led by General Melias ( Domestic of the Schools in the East), continues the op ...

1984), wit
Extraits en ligne

Criticism, commentary

Books * Ph. Gignoux et A. Tafazzoli, editors, ''Mémorial Jean de Menasce'', Louvain: Impremerie orientaliste, 1974 estschrift**

Dominique Avon Dominique Avon is a French historian. He is a scholar of Islam and Christianity and a professor at the Religious Sciences Section of the École pratique des hautes études. Biography Dominique Avon has a degree in history. He is Director of Stu ...

, ''Les Frères prêcheurs en Orient : Les dominicains du Caire (années 1910 - années 1960)''. Paris: Cerf/Histoire, 2005, wit
Extraits en ligne
** :fr:Philippe Chenaux, ''Entre Maurras et Maritain : Une génération intellectuelle catholique (1920-1930)''. Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1999 ** Frédéric Gugelot, ''La Conversion des intellectuels au catholicisme en France, 1885-1935'', Paris:

CNRS The French National Centre for Scientific Research (, , CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe. In 2016, it employed 31,637 staff, including 11,137 tenured researchers, 13,415 eng ...

Éditions, 1998 ** Michael Haag, ''Alexandria: City of Memory''. London and New Haven: Yale U P, 2004. ncludes extensive biographical material on the Menasce family including Jean de Menasce. Articles * R. Curiel, « En souvenir de Jean de Menasce (1902-1973) », ''Studia Iranica Chauvigny'', 1978, vol. 7, n° 2 * Ph. Gignoux et A. Tafazzoli, "J. P. de Menasce 1902-1973 Biographie" in ''Mémorial Jean de Menasce'', Louvain, 1974, pp. vii-xv * Philippe Gignoux
"Menasce, Jean Pierre de"
in ''

Encyclopaedia Iranica An encyclopedia is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge, either general or special, in a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are arranged alphabetically by artic ...

'' (2014) *

"The Legacy of Pierre Jean de Menasce"
IBMR 21 (October 1997). * G. Lazard, « Jean de Menasce (1902-1973) », ''

Journal asiatique The ''Journal asiatique'' (; full earlier title ''Journal Asiatique ou Recueil de Mémoires, d'Extraits et de Notices relatifs à l'Histoire, à la Philosophie, aux Langues et à la Littérature des Peuples Orientaux'') is a biannual peer-reviewed ...

'', 1974, vol. 262 n° 3-4 * Anaël Levy
"Jean de Menasce: juif, sioniste, prétre. De la Renaissance juive au dialogue judéo-chrétien" (2010).
* V. Python, "L'oeuvre du P. de Menasce OP (1902-1973) sur les missions et le mazdéisme," NZM 30 (1974): 161 - 172. * Jean-Michel Roessli (dir.), « Jean de Menasce, 1902-1973 », Fribourg (Suisse), Bibliothèque cantonale et universitaire, 1998 * Marc R. Spindler

in ''Dictionary of African Christian Biography''. ** Éditions du Cerf
"Jean de Menasce (1902-1973) 20e siècle"
** GoldenMap.com
"Jean de Menasce"
.

Reference notes

The initial version of this article was translated in July 2012 from French Wikipedia: :fr:Jean de Menasce.

External links

Article de Charly Veuthey
{{DEFAULTSORT:Menasce, Jean De Dominican scholars Judaic scholars French orientalists 20th-century French Catholic theologians French Dominicans French Iranologists Middle Eastern studies scholars Academic staff of the École pratique des hautes études People from Alexandria 1902 births 1973 deaths French people of Egyptian-Jewish descent Converts to Roman Catholicism from Judaism 20th-century French historians