Jean-Jacques Manget (or Johann Jacob Mangetus) (1652–1742) was a

Geneva Geneva ( ; french: Genève ) frp, Genèva ; german: link=no, Genf ; it, Ginevra ; rm, Genevra is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and the most populous city of Romandy, the French-speaking part of Switzerland. Situ ...

n physician and writer. He was known for his work on epidemic diseases such as

bubonic plague Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the plague bacterium ('' Yersinia pestis''). One to seven days after exposure to the bacteria, flu-like symptoms develop. These symptoms include fever, headaches, and vomiting, as ...

and

tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in w ...

. In addition to his own researches, he assiduously compiled preceding medical literature. With Théophile Bonet, he is considered one of the "great compilers" of knowledge in the areas of

medicine Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for a patient, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, and Health promotion ...

, surgery and

pharmacology Pharmacology is a branch of medicine, biology and pharmaceutical sciences concerned with drug or medication action, where a drug may be defined as any artificial, natural, or endogenous (from within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemi ...

. He also published a major collection of alchemical works, the '' Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa'' (1702).

Life

He was born in

, the son of a merchant. He graduated as a physician at the

University of Valence The University of Valence was founded 26 July 1452, by letters patent from the Dauphin Louis, afterwards Louis XI of France, in a move to develop the city of Valence, then part of his domain of Dauphiné. It existed until the French Revolution. ...

in 1678. Later he became the Dean of the Valence medical faculty. Frederick III, Elector of Brandenburg made Manget his personal physician in 1699.

Works

Manget was one of the first doctors to carry out studies of the pathological anatomy of

miliary tuberculosis To disseminate (from lat. ''disseminare'' "scattering seeds"), in the field of communication, is to broadcast a message to the public without direct feedback from the audience. Meaning Dissemination takes on the theory of the traditional view ...

. He coined the term based on his observation of widespread tiny lesions like

millet Millets () are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food. Most species generally referred to as millets belong to the tribe Paniceae, but some millets ...

seeds in the

liver The liver is a major organ only found in vertebrates which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans, it ...

lungs The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and most other animals, including some snails and a small number of fish. In mammals and most other vertebrates, two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of ...

spleen The spleen is an organ found in almost all vertebrates. Similar in structure to a large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter. The word spleen comes .

, and

mesentery The mesentery is an organ that attaches the intestines to the posterior abdominal wall in humans and is formed by the double fold of peritoneum. It helps in storing fat and allowing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to supply the intestines ...

. He published ''Traité de la Peste'' (Geneva: Philippe Planche, 1721), a major treatise on the

, and was well known as a plague doctor. Manget reported that the exotic new drug

ipecac Syrup of ipecac (), or simply ipecac, is a drug that was once widely used as an expectorant (in low doses) and a rapid-acting emetic (in higher doses). It is obtained from the dried rhizome and roots of the ipecacuanha plant (''Carapichea ipecac ...

had been effectively used in the treatment of plague in

Marseille Marseille ( , , ; also spelled in English as Marseilles; oc, Marselha ) is the prefecture of the French department of Bouches-du-Rhône and capital of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region. Situated in the camargue region of southern Fran ...

. He advised the adoption of draconian measures to ensure quarantine and prevent the transmission of plague. Such measures were reported to have been successful in

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is spli ...

. He published a large collection of

alchemical Alchemy (from Arabic: ''al-kīmiyā''; from Ancient Greek: χυμεία, ''khumeía'') is an ancient branch of natural philosophy, a philosophical and protoscientific tradition that was historically practiced in China, India, the Muslim wor ...

works, the '' Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa'' (1702). Many of the 170 works included were already rare.Se
The Alchemy Website, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa''
for a listing of the 143 works collected there. The named authors include

Nathan Albineus Nathan or Natan may refer to: People *Nathan (given name), including a list of people and characters with this name *Nathan (surname) *Nathan (prophet), a person in the Hebrew Bible *Nathan (son of David), biblical figure, son of King David and ...

(i.e. Nathan d'Aubigné),

Arnoldus de Villa Nova Arnaldus de Villa Nova (also called Arnau de Vilanova in Catalan, his language, Arnaldus Villanovanus, Arnaud de Ville-Neuve or Arnaldo de Villanueva, c. 1240–1311) was a physician and a religious reformer. He was also thought to be an alchem ...

Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical Greece, Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatet ...

Artephius Artephius (or Artefius) (c. 1150) is a writer to whom a number of alchemical texts are ascribed. Although the roots of the texts are unclear and the identity of their author obscure, at least some of them are Arabic in origin. He is named as the au ...

Joannes Aurelius Augurellus Giovanni Aurelio Augurello (Joannes Aurelius Augurellus) (1441–1524) was an Italian humanist scholar, poet and alchemist. Born at Rimini, he studied both laws in Rome, Florence and Padova where he also consorted with the leading scholars of his ...

Avicenna Ibn Sina ( fa, ابن سینا; 980 – June 1037 CE), commonly known in the West as Avicenna (), was a Persian polymath who is regarded as one of the most significant physicians, astronomers, philosophers, and writers of the Islam ...

, Rogerius Baco, Christianus Adolphus Balduinus, Joannes Joachim Becher, Nicolaus Bernaudus, Salomon de Blauvenstein,

Petrus Bonus Petrus Bonus (Latin for "Peter the Good"; it, Pietro Antonio Boni) was a late medieval alchemist. He is best known for his ''Precious Pearl'' ( la, Margarita Preciosa) or ''Precious New Pearl'' ('), an influential alchemical text composed sometime ...

, Olaus Borrichius, Joannes Braceschus,

Calid Khālid ibn Yazīd (full name ''Abū Hāshim Khālid ibn Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān'', ), 668–704 or 709, was an Umayyad prince and purported alchemist. As a son of the Umayyad caliph Yazid I, Khalid was supposed to become c ...

, Robertus Castrensis, Gabriel Clauder, Andreas Cnöffelius, Joannes Dausten,

Gerard Dorn Gerhard Dorn (c. 1530 – 1584) was a Belgian philosopher, translator, alchemist, physician and bibliophile. Biography The details of Gerhard Dorn's early life, along with those of many other 16th century personalities, are lost to history ...

, d'Espagnet, Petrus Joannes Faber, Joannes Chrysippus Fanianus,

Marsilius Ficinus Marsilio Ficino (; Latin name: ; 19 October 1433 – 1 October 1499) was an Italian scholar and Catholic priest who was one of the most influential humanist philosophers of the early Italian Renaissance. He was an astrologer, a reviver o ...

, Joannes Franciscus Picus Mirandula, Nicolaus Flamellus, Melchior Friben, Geber, Joannes Gerhardus, Claudius Germain, Joannes Grasseus alias

Cortalasseus Johann Grasshoff (or Grasshof, Grasse) (c.1560 – 1623) was a Pomeranian jurist, and alchemical writer. He is recorded also as a medical advisor to Ernest of Bavaria, a Syndic, and an Episcopal counselor. His writings include the ''Aperta Ar ...

, Guido de Montanor, Johannes Fridericus Helvetius, Joannes Ferdinandus Hertodt, Theobaldus de Hoghelande,

Joannes de Rupescissa :''Johannes de Rupescissa may also refer to Cardinal Jean de La Rochetaillée'' Jean de Roquetaillade, also known as John of Rupescissa, (ca. 1310 – between 1366 and 1370) was a French Franciscan alchemist and eschatologist. Biography Aft ...

, Gulielmus Johnsonus,

Athanasius Kircher Athanasius Kircher (2 May 1602 – 27 November 1680) was a German Jesuit scholar and polymath who published around 40 major works, most notably in the fields of comparative religion, geology, and medicine. Kircher has been compared to ...

, W. C. Kriegsmann, Joel Langelottus, Ludovicus de Comitibus,

Raymundus Lullius Ramon Llull (; c. 1232 – c. 1315/16) was a philosopher, theologian, poet, missionary, and Christian apologist from the Kingdom of Majorca. He invented a philosophical system known as the ''Art'', conceived as a type of universal logic to pro ...

, Carolus Cæsar Malvasius,

Daniel Georg Morhof Daniel Georg Morhof (6 February 163930 July 1691) was a German writer and scholar. Bibliography Morhof was born at Wismar. He first studied jurisprudence and then '' literae humaniores'' at the University of Rostock, where his elegant Latin vers ...

, Thomas Northon, Orthelius, Pantaleon, Philalethes,

Morienus Romanus The ("Book of the Composition of Alchemy"), also known as the ("Testament of Morienus"), the , or by its Arabic title ("Khalid's Questions to the Monk Maryanos"), is a work on alchemy falsely attributed to the Umayyad prince Khalid ibn Yazid ...

, Richardus Anglicus,

Georgius Ripleus Sir George Ripley (–1490) was an English Augustinian canon, author, and alchemist. Biography George Ripley was one of England's most famous alchemists. His alchemical writings attracted attention not only when they were published in the ...

Philippus Jacobus Sachs Philipp Jakob Sachsvon Löwenheim, or Lewenhaimb, Lewenheimb (26 August 1627, Breslau- 7 January 1672, Breslau) was a German physician, naturalist, and editor of ''Ephemerides Academiae naturae curiosorum'', the first ever learned journal in the f ...

, Michael Sendivogius,

Daniel Stolcius de Stolcenberg Daniel Stolz von Stolzenberg (Daniel Stolcius) (1600–1660) was a Bohemian physician and writer on alchemy, a pupil of Michael Maier in PragueHis name is often given as 'von Stolcenberg', i.e. from Stolzenberg, or 'von Stolcenbeerg'. He is known ...

Bernardus Trevisanus Bernard Trevisan (''Bernard of Treviso'', ''Bernardus Trevisanus'') was a fictional Italian Alchemy, alchemist who lived from 1406-1490. His biography has been composed by editors and commentators of alchemical texts from the 16th century. It is ...

, Guilielmus Trognianus,

Basilius Valentinus Basil Valentine is the Anglicised version of the name Basilius Valentinus, ostensibly a 15th-century alchemist, possibly Canon of the Benedictine Priory of Saint Peter in Erfurt, Germany but more likely a pseudonym used by one or several 16th-ce ...

Dionysius Zacharias The name Dionysius (; el, Διονύσιος ''Dionysios'', "of Dionysus"; la, Dionysius) was common in classical and post-classical times. Etymologically it is a nominalized adjective formed with a -ios suffix from the stem Dionys- of the name ...

, and

Zadith Muḥammad ibn Umayl al-Tamīmī ( ar, محمد بن أميل التميمي), known in Latin as Senior Zadith, was an early Muslim alchemist who lived from to Very little is known about his life. A Vatican Library catalogue lists one manus ...

. File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.02.vol 1.tp.tif , ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa'', 1702 File:A Physician Wearing a Seventeenth Century Plague Preventive Costume WDL3957.png , Physician in plague preventive costume, as described by Manget File:Jean-Jacques Manget RGNb10354141.02.vol I.part I.tp 1731.tif , ''Bibliotheca scriptorum medicorum'', 1731 File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.03.vol 1.fig 1.tif , Figure 1, Volume 1, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa'' File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.04.vol 1.fig 2.tif , Figure 2, Volume 1, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa'' File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.05.vol 1.fig 7.tif , Figure 7, Volume 1, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa'' File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.06.vol 1.fig 15.tif , Figure 15, Volume 1, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa'' File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.08.vol 2.page 898 figures.tif , Figures, page 898, Volume 2, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa'' File:Bibliotheca chemica curiosa RGNb1035413x.09.vol 2.page 901 figures.tif , Figures, page 901, Volume 2, ''Bibliotheca chemica curiosa''

Bibliography

*''

Bibliotheca anatomica ''Bibliotheca Anatomica'' is a Latin-language human anatomy text edited by Daniel Le Clerc (or Daniel LeClerc) and Jean-Jacques Manget, two physicians from Geneva. The work was published in Geneva by Sumptibus J. A. Chouët and Davidis Ritter. ...

'', two volumes (Geneva, 1685) *
Bibliotheca curiosa chemica'', two volumes (Geneva, 1702)
*
Bibliotheca medico-practica sive rerum medicarum thesaurus cumulatissimus: tomis octo comprehensis
' (Geneva, 1695)
1, 1. 1739

1, 2. 1739

2, 1. 1739

2, 2. 1739

3, 1. 1739

3, 2. 1739

4, 1. 1739

4, 2. 1739
*
Traité de la peste recueilli des meilleurs auteurs anciens et modernes
' (Geneva, 1721)

Notes

{{DEFAULTSORT:Manget, Jean-Jacques 1652 births 1742 deaths Physicians from the Republic of Geneva 18th-century writers from the Republic of Geneva