Jdeideh ( ar, جديدة المتن translit. al-Judaydat), also Jdayde, Jdaideh and Jdeidet el-Matn, is a coastal

municipality A municipality is usually a single administrative division having municipal corporation, corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate. The term ''municipality ...

and the administrative capital of the

Matn District Matn ( ar, قضاء المتن, '), sometimes spelled Metn (or preceded by the article El, as in El Matn), is a district ('' qadaa'') in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon, east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut. The district capital is ...

in the

Mount Lebanon Governorate french: Gouvernorat du Mont-Liban , native_name_lang = , image_map = Administrative divisions of Lebanon 2017-08 (Numbered).png , map_caption = The governorates of Lebanon, including Mount Lebanon (in pink, label ...

. Jdeideh has an area of approximately 6 km². It is located in the northern suburbs of

Beirut Beirut, french: Beyrouth is the capital and largest city of Lebanon. , Greater Beirut has a population of 2.5 million, which makes it the third-largest city in the Levant region. The city is situated on a peninsula at the midpoint o ...

city that comprise

Greater Beirut Greater Beirut ( ar, بيروت الكبرى; french: Grand Beyrouth) is the urban agglomeration comprising the city of Beirut ( Beirut Governorate) and the adjacent municipalities over the Mount Lebanon Governorate. It does not constitute a si ...

. The municipality is formed of three villages of Jdeidet el-Matn, Bauchrieh and

Sed el Bauchrieh sed ("stream editor") is a Unix utility that parses and transforms text, using a simple, compact programming language. It was developed from 1973 to 1974 by Lee E. McMahon of Bell Labs, and is available today for most operating systems. sed w ...

with a population of nearly 160,000 inhabitants. Jdeidet el-Matn has five municipal council members, while Bauchrieh has nine, and Sed el Bauchrieh has seven, Jdeideh is an important industrial zone and a significant location for commercial and banking activity.

Archaeology

Three archaeological sites were found in the Jdeideh area by Jesuit fathers. Two of these featured finds of

Heavy Neolithic Heavy Neolithic (alternatively, Gigantolithic) is a style of large stone and flint tools (or industry) associated primarily with the Qaraoun culture in the Beqaa Valley, Lebanon, dating to the Epipaleolithic or early Pre-Pottery Neolithic at ...

flints of the

Qaraoun culture The Qaraoun culture is a culture of the Lebanese Stone Age around Qaraoun in the Beqaa Valley. The Gigantolithic or Heavy Neolithic flint tool industry of this culture was recognized as a particular Neolithic variant of the Lebanese highlands ...

. Jdeideh I is northeast of the town on the left bank of the Nahr Mout, in fields on a contour. It was discovered by

Raoul Describes Reverend Father Raoul Desribes (born in 1856, died in 1940) was a French Jesuit archaeologist notable for his work on prehistory in Lebanon, particularly the archaeological site of Minet Dalieh at Ras Beirut. He found two paleolithic bone harpoo ...

who retrieved knapped tools from several periods including

Acheulean Acheulean (; also Acheulian and Mode II), from the French ''acheuléen'' after the type site of Saint-Acheul, is an archaeological industry of stone tool manufacture characterized by the distinctive oval and pear-shaped " hand axes" associat ...

Middle Paleolithic The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic) is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. The term Middle Stone Age is used as an equivalent or a synonym for the Middle Paleo ...

Upper Paleolithic The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. Very broadly, it dates to between 50,000 and 12,000 years ago (the beginning of the Holocene), according to some theories coi ...

and

. This material is in the

Saint Joseph University Saint Joseph University of Beirut (French: ''Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth'', abbreviated to and commonly known as "USJ") is a private Catholic research university located in Beirut, Lebanon, which was founded in 1875 by French Jesuit mis ...

Museum of Lebanese Prehistory The Museum of Lebanese Prehistory (french: Musée de Préhistoire Libanaise, ar, متحف ما قبل التاريخ اللبناني) is a museum of prehistory and archaeology in Beirut, Lebanon. History The museum is the first museum of prehist ...

. Jdeideh II is northeast of Tuillerie Medawer (east of

Haret ech Cheikh Haret ech Cheikh (also Haret-Ech-Cheikh), is a municipality in the Matn District in the Mount Lebanon Governorate near Bouchriyeh. Archaeology The archaeological site at Haret Ech Cheikh is east of the road between Dekwaneh and Jdeideh, about ...

) on low foothills to the left of a descending stream running next to the Aamariyeh road. An Upper Paleolithic assemblage in brown

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of ...

flint was found by Auguste Bergy including a variety of scrapers including a specialist variety also found at

Ain Cheikh Ain (, ; frp, En) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in Eastern France. Named after the Ain river, it is bordered by the Saône and Rhône rivers. Ain is located on the country's eastern edge, on the Swiss border, where it ...

that were termed Grattoirs de côté. Jdeideh III is on a wooded hilltop north northwest of Aamariyeh on the southwest slopes that was also found by Bergy. He recovered a

type, Gigantolithic assemblage of massive choppers, scrapers on flakes and coarse picks.

References

External links

Jdeide Bouchrieh Sed Municipality
{{Authority control Greater Beirut Populated places in the Matn District Christian cities in Lebanon Maronite Christian communities in Lebanon Archaeological sites in Lebanon Heavy Neolithic sites Paleolithic Asia