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Java Management Extensions (JMX) is a
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technology that supplies tools for managing and monitoring
application Application may refer to: Mathematics and computing * Application software, computer software designed to help the user to perform specific tasks ** Application layer, an abstraction layer that specifies protocols and interface methods used in a c ...
s, system objects, devices (such as printers) and service-oriented networks. Those resources are represented by objects called MBeans (for '' Managed Bean''). In the API, classes can be dynamically loaded and instantiated. Managing and monitoring applications can be designed and developed using the Java Dynamic Management Kit. JSR 003 of the Java Community Process defined JMX 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2. JMX 2.0 was being developed under JSR 255, but this JSR was subsequently withdrawn. The JMX Remote API 1.0 for remote management and monitoring is specified by JSR 160. An extension of the JMX Remote API for Web Services was being developed under JSR 262. Adopted early on by the J2EE community, JMX has been a part of
J2SE Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) is a computing platform for development and deployment of portable code for desktop and server environments. Java SE was formerly known as Java 2 Platform, Standard Edition (J2SE). The platform uses Jav ...
since version 5.0. "JMX" is a trademark of Oracle Corporation.


Architecture

JMX uses a three-level architecture: # The ''Probe'' level – also called the ''Instrumentation'' level – contains the probes (called MBeans)
instrumenting In the context of computer programming, instrumentation refers to the measure of a product's performance, in order to diagnose errors and to write trace information. Instrumentation can be of two types: source instrumentation and binary instrumenta ...
the resources # The ''Agent'' level, or MBeanServer – the core of JMX. It acts as an intermediary between the MBean and the applications. # The ''Remote Management'' level enables remote applications to access the MBeanServer through connectors and adaptors. A connector provides full remote access to the MBeanServer API using various communication (
RMI RMI may refer to: Science and technology * Radio-magnetic indicator, an instrument used in aircraft navigation * Repetitive motion injury, an injury to the musculoskeletal and nervous systems * Richtmyer–Meshkov instability, an instability occu ...
, IIOP, JMS, WS-* …), while an adaptor adapts the API to another protocol ( SNMP, …) or to Web-based GUI (
HTML The HyperText Markup Language or HTML is the standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser. It can be assisted by technologies such as Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and scripting languages such as JavaScri ...
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HTTP The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite model for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, ...
, WML/
HTTP The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is an application layer protocol in the Internet protocol suite model for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems. HTTP is the foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web, ...
, …). Applications can be generic consoles (such as JConsole and
MC4J MC4J is an open source project to create a visual management application for Java servers supporting the JMX specification. It supports connections to all major J2EE application servers and JSE 5.0 and greater. The MC4J features shown as follows: ...
) or domain-specific (monitoring) applications. External applications can interact with the MBeans through the use of JMX connectors and protocol adapters. Connectors serve to connect an agent with a remote JMX-enabled management application. This form of communication involves a connector in the JMX agent and a connector client in the management application. Protocol adapters provide a management view of the JMX agent through a given protocol. Management applications that connect to a protocol adapter are usually specific to the given protocol.


Managed beans

A managed bean – sometimes simply referred to as an ''MBean'' – is a type of JavaBean, created with dependency injection. Managed Beans are particularly used in the Java Management Extensions technology – but with Java EE 6 the specification provides for a more detailed meaning of a managed bean. The MBean represents a resource running in the Java virtual machine, such as an application or a Java EE technical service (transactional monitor, JDBC driver, etc.). They can be used for collecting statistics on concerns like performance, resources usage, or problems (pull); for getting and setting application configurations or properties (push/pull); and notifying events like faults or state changes (push). Java EE 6 provides that a managed bean is a bean that is implemented by a Java class, which is called its bean class. A top-level Java class is a managed bean if it is defined to be a managed bean by any other Java EE technology specification (for example, the JavaServer Faces technology specification), or if it meets all of the following conditions: # It is not a non-static inner class. # It is a concrete class, or is annotated @Decorator. # It is not annotated with an EJB component-defining annotation or declared as an EJB bean class in ejb-jar.xml. No special declaration, such as an annotation, is required to define a managed bean. An MBean can notify the MBeanServer of its internal changes (for the attributes) by implementing the javax.management.NotificationEmitter. The application interested in the MBean's changes registers a listener (javax.management.NotificationListener) to the MBeanServer. Note that JMX does not guarantee that the listeners will receive all notifications.


Types

There are two basic types of MBean: * ''Standard MBeans'' implement a business interface containing setters and getters for the attributes and the operations (i.e., methods). * ''Dynamic MBeans'' implement the javax.management.DynamicMBean interface that provides a way to list the attributes and operations, and to get and set the attribute values. Additional types are ''Open MBeans'', ''Model MBeans'' and ''Monitor MBeans''. ''Open MBeans'' are dynamic MBeans that rely on the basic data types. They are self-explanatory and more user-friendly. ''Model MBeans'' are dynamic MBeans that can be configured during runtime. A generic MBean class is also provided for dynamically configuring the resources during program runtime. An MXBean (''Platform MBean'') is a special type of MBean that reifies Java virtual machine subsystems such as garbage collection, JIT compilation, memory pools, multi-threading, etc. An MLet (''Management applet'') is a utility MBean to load, instantiate and register MBeans in a MBeanServer from an XML description. The format of the XML descriptor is:
 ODEBASE = ''codebaseURL''    AME = ''objectName''    ERSION = ''version'' >
    rglist 


Support

JMX is supported at various levels by different vendors: * JMX is supported by Java application servers such as OpenCloud Rhino Application Serve

JBoss, JOnAS, WebSphere Application Server, WebLogic, SAP NetWeaver Application Server, Oracle Application Server 10g and
Sun Java System Application Server GlassFish is an open-source Jakarta EE platform application server project started by Sun Microsystems, then sponsored by Oracle Corporation, and now living at the Eclipse Foundation and supported by Payara, Oracle and Red Hat. The supported ve ...
. * JMX is supported by the UnboundID Directory Server, Directory Proxy Server, and Synchronization Server. * Systems management tools that support the protocol include
Empirix Empirix Inc. is a privately held company which designs and manufactures service assurance testing and monitoring equipment for IP-based communications networks such as Voice-over-Internet-Protocol (VoIP), IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)-based, next ...
OneSight, GroundWork Monitor, Hyperic,
HP OpenView HP OpenView is the former name for a Hewlett-Packard product family that consisted of network and systems management products. In 2007, HP OpenView was rebranded as HP BTO (''Business Technology Optimization'') Software when it became part of the ...
, IBM Director, ITRS Geneos, Nimsoft NMS, OpenNMS, Zabbix,
Zenoss Core The company Zenoss, Inc. was founded in 2005 and is headquartered in Austin, Texas. The company develops hybrid IT monitoring and analytics software. Zenoss Community Edition was a free and open-source application, server, and network management ...
, and Zyrion, SolarWinds
Uptime Infrastructure Monitor
and LogicMonitor. * JMX is also supported by
servlet containers A web container (also known as a servlet container; and compare "webcontainer" ) is the component of a web server that interacts with Jakarta Servlets. A web container is responsible for managing the lifecycle of servlets, mapping a URL to a part ...
such as Apache Tomcat. & Jetty (web server) *
MX4J MX4J is a project to create an open-source implementation of Java Management Extensions (JMX). The JMX specification is a Java Specification Request (see JSR 003) currently in maintenance release 1.2; the new JSR 160 has been issued to address con ...
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is Open Source JMX for Enterprise Computing. * jManagebr>
is an open source enterprise-grade JMX Console with Web and command-line interfaces. *
MC4J MC4J is an open source project to create a visual management application for Java servers supporting the JMX specification. It supports connections to all major J2EE application servers and JSE 5.0 and greater. The MC4J features shown as follows: ...
br>
is an open source visual console for connecting to servers supporting JMX * snmpAdaptor4jbr>
is an open source providing a simple access to MBeans via the SNMP protocol.
jvmtop
is a lightweight open source JMX monitoring tool for the command-line * Prometheus (software), Prometheus can ingest JMX data via the JMX exporter which exposes metrics in Prometheus format.


See also

* Jini * Network management * Simple Network Management Protocol


References


Further reading


Articles

*
Enabling Component Architectures with JMX
by Marc Fleury and Juha Lindfors *

by Andreas Schaefer * "Java in the management sphere" by Max Goff 1999 *

*

*



– The microkernel design *

by Rakesh Kalra Jan 16, 2006 *

by Lucas McGregor




Books

* Benjamin G Sullins, ''Mark B Whipple : JMX in Action: You will also get your first JMX application up and running'', Manning Publications Co. 2002, *
J. Steven Perry ''J. The Jewish News of Northern California'', formerly known as ''Jweekly'', is a weekly print newspaper in Northern California, with its online edition updated daily. It is owned and operated by San Francisco Jewish Community Publications In ...
: ''Java Management Extensions'', O'Reilly, *
Jeff Hanson Jeff Hanson (March 3, 1978 – June 5, 2009) was a singer-songwriter, guitarist and multi-instrumentalist,Marc Fleury, Juha Lindfors: ''JMX: Managing J2EE with Java Management Extensions'', Sams Publishing,


External links


JMX 1.4
(JMX 1.4, part of Java 6)
JMX at JBoss.com



JSR 255
(JMX 2.0)
JSR 3
(JMX 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2) {{Jakarta EE Java APIs Management Extensions Management Extensions Network management