The Jarnac Convention was a bilateral agreement between the
Kingdom of France and the United Kingdom in 1847 at the end of the
Franco-Tahitian War. Its purpose was to end Franco-British diplomatic tension by guaranteeing the independence of the
Leeward Islands
french: Îles-Sous-le-Vent
, image_name =
, image_caption = ''Political'' Leeward Islands. Clockwise: Antigua and Barbuda, Guadeloupe, Saint kitts and Nevis.
, image_alt =
, locator_map =
, location = Caribbean SeaNorth Atlantic Ocean
, coor ...
in
Polynesia. It was abrogated with the agreement of both parties in 1887.
Background
In 1839, a British Protestant missionary,
George Pritchard, was sent to Polynesia to convert its people. He became the British consul in
Tahiti and persuaded the queen,
Pomare IV, to expel Catholic missionaries from the islands. This prompted France to take control of the islands and to establish a protectorate over them in 1843 leading to the
Franco-Tahitian War. Pritchard was expelled, leading to diplomatic tension between France and Britain.
Agreement
To bring this tension to an end, King
Louis-Philippe agreed to the Jarmac Convention, under which both countries recognised the independence of the Leeward Islands and agreed not to place them under a protectorate. It was signed in London on 19 June 1847 by
Lord Palmerston, the British Foreign Secretary and the
comte de Jarnac, French Minister Plenipotentiary in London.
Abrogation
The convention was to have effect for forty years. However, in 1880 France placed the islands of
Raiatea and
Tahaa under a provisional protectorate at their own request, to prevent their being annexed by the
German Empire
The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary ...
. In October 1887 Britain and France agreed to formally abrogate the convention.
This led to a rebellion on the islands that lasted for a decade
and their eventual annexation by military force. Together with all the remaining Leeward Islands, Raiatea and Tahaa became part of
French Polynesia
)Territorial motto: ( en, "Great Tahiti of the Golden Haze")
, anthem =
, song_type = Regional anthem
, song = " Ia Ora 'O Tahiti Nui"
, image_map = French Polynesia on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg
, map_alt = Location of Frenc ...
on 19 March 1898.
References
See also
*
Kingdom of Bora Bora
*
German Samoa
{{French Polynesia topics
1840s in the French colonial empire
History of French Polynesia
History of Tahiti
Military history of Oceania
1840s in Oceania
1847 treaties
Treaties of French Polynesia
Treaties of the Kingdom of Great Britain
Treaties of France