Japanese Destroyer Uranami (1928)

was the tenth of twenty-four s, built for the Imperial Japanese Navy following World War I. ''Uranami'' saw heavy service in WW2. In December, immediately into the war, ''Uranami'' won a gunfight and sank the Dutch submarine ''O 20'', took part in the invasions of Bangka and the Andaman Islands, and would see heavy action at the naval battle of Guadalcanal, where she probably torpedoed and sank the destroyer '' USS Benham''. ''Uranami'' was sunk by Taffy 2 aircraft during the battle of Leyte Gulf.

History

Construction of the advanced ''Fubuki''-class destroyers was authorized as part of the Imperial Japanese Navy's expansion program from fiscal 1923, intended to give Japan a qualitative edge with the world's most modern ships. The ''Fubuki'' class had performance that was a quantum leap over previous destroyer designs, so much so that they were designated . The large size, powerful engines, high speed, large radius of action and unprecedented armament gave these destroyers the firepower similar to many light cruisers in other navies. ''Uranami'', built at the Uraga Dock Company was laid down on 28 April 1927, launched on 29 November 1928 and commissioned on 30 June 1929. Originally assigned hull designation "Destroyer No. 44", she was renamed ''Uranami'' in 1935.

Operational history

On completion, ''Uranami'' was assigned to Destroyer Division 11 under the IJN 2nd Fleet. During the Second Sino-Japanese War, ''Uranami'' helped cover landings of Japanese forces during the Battle of Shanghai in 1937, and subsequent landings of Japanese forces at Hangzhou in northern China.

World War II history

At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, ''Uranami'' was initially assigned to Destroyer Division 19, Squadron 3 of the IJN 1st Fleet, and had deployed from Kure Naval District to the port of Samah on Hainan Island. From 4 December 1941 to the end of the year, ''Uranami'' covered the landings of Japanese troops in "Operation E" (the invasion of Malaya) and "Operation B" (the invasion of British Borneo), capturing the Norwegian merchant ship SS ''Hafthor'' on 7 December.

Sinking of O 20

On 19 December, the destroyers and unsuccessfully attacked the Dutch submarine with depth charges. However, running low on battery power, ''O 20'' surfaced, and was immediately spotted by ''Uranami'' who was still on patrol. ''Uranami'' opened fire and hit ''O 20'' several times, sinking her in a one sided duel. ''Uranami'' did not immediately rescue the sunken submarine's survivors, but stuck around and depth charged the surrounding area to protect ''O 20's'' survivors from shark attacks. By the next morning, Uranami rescued 32 survivors from ''O-20's'' crew.

''Uranami'' was part of the escort for the heavy cruisers , , and out of Samah and Camranh Bay, French Indochina in support of "Operation L" (the invasion of Banka and Palembang and the Anambas Islands, "Operation J" (the invasion of Java) and "Operation T" (the invasion of northern Sumatra).

On 23 March 1942, ''Uranami'' provided close cover for the "Operation D" (the invasion of the Andaman Islands. She served patrol and escort duties out of Port Blair during the Japanese raids into the Indian Ocean. On 13–22 April she returned via Singapore and Camranh Bay to Kure Naval Arsenal, for maintenance.

On 4–5 June 1942, ''Uranami'' participated in the Battle of Midway by escorting Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto's Main Body, suffering minor damage after the battle in a collision with sister ship , requiring a return to Kure Naval Arsenal for repairs. Once these repairs were complete, ''Uranami'' escorted the armed merchant cruiser ''Kiyozumi maru'' as far as Singapore and then continued on to Mergui for a projected second Indian Ocean raid. The operation was cancelled due to the Guadalcanal campaign, and ''Uranami'' was ordered to the Solomon Islands instead. During the Battle of the Eastern Solomons on 24 August ''Uranami'' escorted the fleet supply group to Guadalcanal. Throughout September and October, ''Uranami'' participated in a very large number of "Tokyo Express" high speed transport missions to Guadalcanal.

Naval battle of Guadalcanal

On 14–15 November, ''Uranami'' was involved in the Second Naval Battle of Guadalcanal. She was attached to a scouting force under the command of Rear Admiral Shintarō Hashimoto in the light cruiser . When American Admiral Willis A. Lee's Task Force 64 was located and attacked near Savo Island, ''Uranami'' came to the assistance of ''Ayanami'' and the light cruiser .

A task force of four American destroyers attempted to intercept the Japanese warships, but ''Uranami'', ''Ayanami'', and ''Nagara'' quickly intercepted and blasted through the attacking ships. Immediately, a torpedo fired from ''Ayanami'' hit '' USS Walke'', blowing her in two and sinking her. Almost immediately afterwards, ''Nagara'' in quick succession hit '' USS Preston'' several times, blowing up her magazines and sinking her in a devastating explosion. Finally, ''Uranami'' (probably) scored the torpedo hit that severed everything forward of ''USS Benham's'' bridge, forcing her to be scuttled. ''Uranami'' and ''Ayanami'' then combined fire to cripple ''USS Gwim''.

Soon after, ''Ayanami'' was targeted and shelled by the battleship , receiving critical damage. ''Uranami'' evacuated the crippled destroyer (which was scuttled after the battle). After the battle, ''Uranami'' escorted the aircraft carrier from Truk to Yokosuka, returning to Rabaul in mid-February 1943 to resume patrol, escort and transport missions in the Solomons. On 25 February 1943, ''Uranami'' was reassigned to the Southwest Area Fleet. During the Battle of the Bismarck Sea on 1–4 March, ''Uranami'' sustained repeated air attacks without damage, and assisted in the rescue of survivors.

After making several escort missions in the eastern Netherlands East Indies in April, ''Uranami'' suffered severe damage on 2 April by striking a reef near Makassar. Taken to Surabaya, repairs were not complete until the end of August. Returning to patrol duty in September, ''Uranami'' escorted convoys to Singapore to the end of the year.

In early 1944, ''Uranami'' sortied from Singapore with the cruiser on a troop transport run to Mergui and Penang, and returned alone to Singapore with the survivors of the torpedoed ''Kuma'', which had been sunk by HMS ''Tally-Ho'' on 11 January 1944.

From 27 February to 25 March, ''Uranami'' escorted the cruisers , and in another commerce raiding operation in the Indian Ocean.

Convoy TA 1 to Ormoc

''Uranami''s final mission was the first major coordinated troop movement to Leyte during the Battle of Leyte Gulf that began 21 October 1944. The troops were to be taken from Manila via Mindanao to Ormoc. The ships involved in this mission were designated Convoy TA 1, and included heavy cruiser ''Aoba'', light cruiser , ''Uranami'', three new s (, , and ), and two new s, ( and ). The mission was led by Rear Admiral Naomasa Sakonju in ''Aoba''.

Prior to the mission proper, on 23 October ''Aoba'' was torpedoed by the submarine and disabled. Sakonju transferred to ''Kinu'' and had ''Aoba'' towed to port for repairs. The next morning ''Uranami'' and ''Kinu'', fighting for Mindanao, avoided three flights from Task Force 38 as the Battle of Leyte Gulf opened. The ships only took minor damage in the strafing runs, but 4 crewmen were killed aboard ''Uranami'' and nine were wounded. ''Uranami'' also suffered a punctured fuel tank which left her leaking oil.

The actual mission began 25 October with the arrival of the transports. The Battle of Leyte Gulf was in full swing and so the convoy largely escaped American intervention. The IJA 41st Regiment was successfully delivered to Ormoc. Here, the two smaller ''T.101'' transports broke off to pick up troops from a different location as ''Kinu'', ''Uranami'', and the three ''T.1''s headed back to Manila.

On the morning of 26 October, while crossing the Jintotolo Channel between Masbate and Panay, approximately 80 aircraft from four of the escort carriers of Task Force 77.4.2 "Taffy 2" (, , , and ) began bombing, strafing, and rocketing the convoy. ''Uranami'' took two bombs and several rockets killing 103 crewmen, (including its captain, Lieutenant Commander Sako) before sinking around noon at position , southeast of Masbate. Three empty transports (which had lagged behind during the battle) arrived that afternoon to pick up survivors, including 94 from ''Uranami''. ''Uranami'' was stricken from the navy list on 10 December 1944.

The shipwreck

The shipwreck of ''Uranami'' has not yet been found, although ''Kinu'' was discovered by divers from the on 15 July 1945 in about of water. ''Uranami'' sank about away, and is probably at a similar depth, which would place it within the reach of technical divers.

Notes

References

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External links

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''Uranami'' in Naval History of World Wars
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Uranami
Fubuki-class destroyers
Ships built by Uraga Dock Company
1928 ships
Second Sino-Japanese War naval ships of Japan
World War II destroyers of Japan
Destroyers sunk by aircraft
Shipwrecks in the Visayan Sea
World War II shipwrecks in the Pacific Ocean
Maritime incidents in October 1944
Ships sunk by US aircraft