Janthinoidea is a
superfamily
SUPERFAMILY is a database and search platform of structural and functional annotation for all proteins and genomes. It classifies amino acid sequences into known structural domains, especially into SCOP superfamilies. Domains are functional, str ...
of
sea snails containing
wentletrap
Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae.Gofas, S. (2010). Epitoniidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollu ...
s (Epitoniidae) and surfing snails (
Janthinidae
Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae.Gofas, S. (2010). Epitoniidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollu ...
). It includes species that have tethered
egg
An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the a ...
masses, some of which are used for flotation.
Phylogeny
Molecular evidence supports a tree for Janthinoidea that shows the sequential development of traits for a
neuston
Neuston, also known as pleuston, are organisms that live at the surface of the ocean or an estuary, or at the surface of a lake, river or pond. Neuston can live on top of the water surface or may be attached to the underside of the water surface. ...
ic life.
The wentletraps (
Epitoniidae
Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae.Gofas, S. (2010). Epitoniidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollu ...
) have tethered egg masses that started to be used for flotation in ''
Recluzia
''Recluzia'' is a genus of small to medium-sized pelagic or planktonic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Epitoniidae
Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine g ...
'' and then totally divorce from its original function for the
ovoviviparous
Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, ovivipary, or aplacental viviparity is a term used as a "bridging" form of reproduction between egg-laying oviparous and live-bearing viviparous reproduction. Ovoviviparous animals possess embryos that develop insi ...
''
Janthina janthina
''Janthina janthina'' is a species of holoplanktonic sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Epitoniidae. Its common names include violet sea-snail, common violet snail, large violet snail and purple storm snail.
Distribution
T ...
''.
Taxonomy
Janthinoidea includes the following families, genera, and species.
*
Epitoniidae
Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae.Gofas, S. (2010). Epitoniidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollu ...
**''
Acrilla''
***''
Acrilla acuminata''
**''
Alexania''
***''
Alexania inazawai''
**''
Cirsotrema
''Cirsostrema'' is a genus of very small deepwater sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae, commonly known as the '' wentletraps''.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Cirsotrema Mörch, 1852. Accessed through: World Register of ...
''
***''
Cirsotrema multiperforata
''Cirsostrema'' is a genus of very small deepwater sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae, commonly known as the '' wentletraps''.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Cirsotrema Mörch, 1852. Accessed through: World Register of ...
''
***''
Cirsotrema varicosum
''Cirsostrema'' is a genus of very small deepwater sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae, commonly known as the '' wentletraps''.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Cirsotrema Mörch, 1852. Accessed through: World Register of ...
''
**''
Cycloscala''
***''
Cycloscala crenulata
''Cycloscala'' is a genus of predatory sea snails, marine prosobranch gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae, commonly known as wentletraps.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). ''Cycloscala'' Dall, 1889 . Accessed through: World Register of Mari ...
''
**''
Epidendrium
''Epidendrium'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Epitoniidae.
The species of this genus are found in Southern Europe, America, Malesia, Australia.
Species:
*'' Epidendrium aureum''
*''Epidendrium billeeanum
''Epidendrium ...
''
***''
Epidendrium aureum
''Epidendrium'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Epitoniidae.
The species of this genus are found in Southern Europe, America, Malesia, Australia.
Species:
*'' Epidendrium aureum''
*''Epidendrium billeeanum
''Epidendrium ...
''
***''
Epidendrium sordidum
''Epidendrium'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Epitoniidae.
The species of this genus are found in Southern Europe, America, Malesia, Australia.
Species:
*''Epidendrium aureum''
*''Epidendrium billeeanum''
*''Epidendrium de ...
''
**''
Epifungium''
***''
Epifungium adgranulosa''
***''
Epifungium adgravis''
***''
Epifungium adscabra''
***''
Epifungium hartogi''
***''
Epifungium hoeksemai''
***''
Epifungium lochi''
***''
Epifungium marki''
***''
Epifungium nielsi''
***''
Epifungium pseudolochi''
***''
Epifungium pseudotwilae''
***''
Epifungium twilae''
***''
Epifungium ulu''
**''
Epitonium''
***''
Epitonium ancillotoi
''Epitonium'' is a genus of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. ''Epitonium'' is the type genus of the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Epitonium Röding, 1798. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Ro ...
''
***''
Epitonium angulatum
''Epitonium'' is a genus of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. ''Epitonium'' is the type genus of the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Epitonium Röding, 1798. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. ...
''
***''
Epitonium clathratulum
''Epitonium'' is a genus of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. ''Epitonium'' is the type genus of the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Epitonium Röding, 1798. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. ...
''
***''
Epitonium clathrus
''Epitonium clathrus'', also known as the common wentletrap, is a species of small predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.WoRMS (2010). "''Epitonium clathrum'' (Linnaeus, 1758)". In: Bouche ...
''
***''
Epitonium cf. jukesianum
''Epitonium'' is a genus of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. ''Epitonium'' is the type genus of the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Epitonium Röding, 1798. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. ...
''
***''
Epitonium jukesianum
''Epitonium jukesianum'' is a species of very small parasitic sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.WoRMS (2010). Epitonium jukesianum. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine ...
''
***''
Epitonium replicatum
''Epitonium'' is a genus of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. ''Epitonium'' is the type genus of the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Epitonium Röding, 1798. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. ...
''
***''
Epitonium sawinae
''Epitonium'' is a genus of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. ''Epitonium'' is the type genus of the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Epitonium Röding, 1798. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. ...
''
***''
Epitonium scalare
''Epitonium scalare'', common name the precious wentletrap, is a predatory or ectoparasitic species of marine gastropod with an operculum, in the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.Rosenberg, G. (2010). Epitonium scalare (Linnaeus, 1758). In: ...
''
***''
Epitonium tinctum
''Epitonium'' is a genus of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. ''Epitonium'' is the type genus of the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Epitonium Röding, 1798. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Ro ...
''
***''
Epitonium trevelyanum
''Epitonium'' is a genus of small predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. ''Epitonium'' is the type genus of the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Epitonium Röding, 1798. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. ...
''
**''
Gyroscala
''Gyroscala'' is a genus of gastropods belonging to the family Epitoniidae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of t ...
''
***''
Gyroscala lamellosa
''Gyroscala lamellosa'', common name : the lamellose wentletrap, is a species of medium-sized predatory sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Epitoniidae, the wentletraps.Gofas, S. (2010). Gyroscala lamellosa (Lamarck, 1822). In: ...
''
**''
Opalia
The Opiconsivia (or Opeconsiva or Opalia) was an ancient Roman religious festival held August 25 in honor of Ops ("Plenty"), also known as Opis, a goddess of agricultural resources and wealth. The festival marked the end of harvest, with a mirro ...
''
***''
Opalia chacei
The Opiconsivia (or Opeconsiva or Opalia) was an ancient Roman religious festival held August 25 in honor of Ops ("Plenty"), also known as Opis, a goddess of agricultural resources and wealth. The festival marked the end of harvest, with a mirro ...
''
***''
Opalia gracilis
The Opiconsivia (or Opeconsiva or Opalia) was an ancient Roman religious festival held August 25 in honor of Ops ("Plenty"), also known as Opis, a goddess of agricultural resources and wealth. The festival marked the end of harvest, with a mirro ...
''
**''
Surrepifungium''
***''
Surrepifungium costulatum''
***''
Surrepifungium ingridae''
***''
Surrepifungium oliverioi''
***''
Surrepifungium patamakanthini''
*
Janthinidae
Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Epitoniidae.Gofas, S. (2010). Epitoniidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollu ...
**''
Janthina
''Janthina'' is a genus of small to medium-sized pelagic or planktonic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Epitoniidae.Gofas, S. (2011). Janthina Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www. ...
''
***''
Janthina exigua
''Janthina exigua'', also known as the dwarf janthina, is a species of small holoplanktonic sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Epitoniidae, the violet snails or purple storm snails.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Janthina ex ...
''
***''
Janthina janthina
''Janthina janthina'' is a species of holoplanktonic sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Epitoniidae. Its common names include violet sea-snail, common violet snail, large violet snail and purple storm snail.
Distribution
T ...
''
***''
Janthina cf. prolongata CKC-2011
''Janthina'' is a genus of small to medium-sized pelagic or planktonic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Epitoniidae.Gofas, S. (2011). Janthina Röding, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.m ...
''
***''
Janthina umbilicata
''Janthina umbilicata'', also known as the elongate janthina, is a species of holoplanktonic sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Epitoniidae, the violet snails or purple storm snails.MolluscaBase (2019). MolluscaBase. Janthina u ...
''
**''
Recluzia
''Recluzia'' is a genus of small to medium-sized pelagic or planktonic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Epitoniidae
Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine g ...
''
***''
Recluzia cf. jehennei CKC-2011
''Recluzia'' is a genus of small to medium-sized pelagic or planktonic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Epitoniidae
Wentletraps are small, often white, very high-spired, predatory or ectoparasitic sea snails, marine ga ...
''
References
External links
Janthinoidea at UniProt
Taxa named by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Gastropods described in 1810
Ptenoglossa
{{Caenogastropoda-stub