The Jangil (also Rutland Jarawa or Rutland Onge) were one of the

Indigenous peoples There is no generally accepted definition of Indigenous peoples, although in the 21st century the focus has been on self-identification, cultural difference from other groups in a state, a special relationship with their traditional territ ...

of the

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. They lived in the interior of Rutland Island, and were given the name Rutland Jarawa because it was supposed that they were related to the neighboring Jarawa people. Very little information about the Jangil community is known and they are believed to have become extinct sometime in the early 1900s.

Terminology

An issue in evaluating the classification and history of the Jangil is the inconsistent terminology used to refer to the Andamanese tribes. Specifically, the words " Jarawa" and " Onge" were often used interchangeably between the 19th century and the 1930s, so the identity of the "Rutland Jarawa" reported during this time period is not clear. Abbi (2008) and Kumar (2012) classify the Jarawa, Onge,

Sentinelese The Sentinelese, also known as the Sentineli and the North Sentinel Islanders, are Indigenous people who inhabit North Sentinel Island in the Bay of Bengal in the northeastern Indian Ocean. Designated a particularly vulnerable tribal group a ...

, and Jangil people under the label "Onge-Jarawa." The 1931 census of India refers to these four tribes as "clans" of Jarawa, with Jangil being described as "a fourth clan of Jarawas of which nothing has been seen since 1907." A Great Andamanese legend about how their ancestors discovered fire used the word "Jangil" to refer to their ancestors. One of the Great Andamanese subtribes, the Aka-Bea, referred to the Jarawa of South Andaman as "Jangil." Portman (1914) suggested that the Aka-Bea used this word because they "may have regarded the tribe as resembling their ancestors in their customs."

Culture and contact

Ever since the Jangil were first encountered and documented in the mid-19th century, direct contacts with them remained scarce and they generally sought to avoid such encounters. There are only a few reported instances where outsiders (the

British British may refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies. * British national identity, the characteristics of British people and culture ...

and Indian settlers) encountered individuals from the group, the last such case being in 1907. Expeditions sent to the interior of the island in the 1920s failed to find any signs of current habitation. Their disappearance and extinction were most likely the result of introduced

disease A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function (biology), function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury. Diseases are often known to be medical condi ...

s to which they had no natural

immunity Immunity may refer to: Medicine * Immunity (medical), resistance of an organism to infection or disease * ''Immunity'' (journal), a scientific journal published by Cell Press Biology * Immune system Engineering * Radiofrequence immunity ...

. A picture taken in the 1890s depicted Jangil huts that resembled those of the Sentinelese and Onge, but not of the Great Andamanese or Jarawa. No photographs of Jangil individuals are known to exist.

Language

The Jangil language is unattested and therefore technically unclassifiable. British naval officer Maurice Vidal Portman made contact with a captured Jangil man named Habia in July 1884. Habia spoke a language that was distinct from, but similar to, Jarawa. Portman suggested that Jangil and Jarawa most likely descended from the same original

proto-language In the tree model of historical linguistics, a proto-language is a postulated ancestral language from which a number of attested languages are believed to have descended by evolution, forming a language family. Proto-languages are usually unatte ...

References

{{authority control 1920s disestablishments in British India History of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Indigenous peoples of South Asia Extinct languages of Asia Ethnic groups in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Scheduled Tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Languages of India Ongan languages Extinct Indigenous peoples Languages extinct in the 20th century