In the
history of Portugal
The history of Portugal can be traced from circa 400,000 years ago, when the region of present-day Portugal was inhabited by ''Homo heidelbergensis''.
The Roman conquest of the Iberian Peninsula, which lasted almost two centuries, led to the es ...
, the Janeirinha (
Portuguese: ''Little January'') was the name of the movement which on 1 January 1868 protested against the tax on consumables and went on to carry out administrative reform of the country. With great support in the cities of
Lisbon
Lisbon ( ; ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 567,131, as of 2023, within its administrative limits and 3,028,000 within the Lisbon Metropolitan Area, metropolis, as of 2025. Lisbon is mainlan ...
,
Porto
Porto (), also known in English language, English as Oporto, is the List of cities in Portugal, second largest city in Portugal, after Lisbon. It is the capital of the Porto District and one of the Iberian Peninsula's major urban areas. Porto c ...
and
Braga
Braga (; ) is a cities of Portugal, city and a Municipalities of Portugal, municipality, capital of the northwestern Portugal, Portuguese Braga (district), district of Braga and of the historical and cultural Minho Province. Braga Municipality ...
(a large demonstration in Porto on 1 January 1868 as part of this movement led to the local paper being called
O Primeiro de Janeiro), the movement immediately caused the fall of the government on 4 January. This discontent caused the formation of a new government presided over by
António José d'Ávila and, for some historians, marks the end of the
Regeneration. For, besides the fall of the government, the Janeirinha also brought about a new arrangement of Portugal's political forces, leading to the formation of a new political party, the
Reformist Party, opening the doors to a new and prolonged period of governmental instability, and putting an end to the stability imposed by the
"regenerador" movement.
Context
Consequences
References
External links
*
Political timeline of 1868*
State and Society in conflict: the Código of Mártens Ferrão of 1867. A closed political reform* {{in lang, pt}
''O Primeiro de Janeiro'' homepage
1868 in Portugal
Conflicts in 1868