Jane Frances Muskie (''née'' Gray; February 12, 1927 – December 25, 2004) was an American civic leader and writer who, as the wife of
Edmund Muskie
Edmund Sixtus Muskie (March 28, 1914March 26, 1996) was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 58th United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1980 to 1981, a United States Senator from Maine from 1 ...
, served as First Lady of
Maine
Maine ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the New England region of the United States, and the northeasternmost state in the Contiguous United States. It borders New Hampshire to the west, the Gulf of Maine to the southeast, and the Provinces and ...
from 1955 to 1959. She was an active campaigner for her husband, supporting his political career on both state and national levels while he served in the
Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via ...
, as
Governor of Maine
The governor of Maine is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maine. Before Maine was admitted to the Union in 1820, Maine was part of Massachusetts and the governor of Massachusetts was chief executive.
The current governor of Maine is J ...
, as a
United States senator
The United States Senate consists of 100 members, two from each of the 50 U.S. state, states. This list includes all senators serving in the 119th United States Congress.
Party affiliation
Independent Senators Angus King of Maine and Berni ...
, and as
Secretary of State.
During the
1972 United States presidential election
Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 7, 1972. Incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon and Vice President Spiro Agnew defeated Democratic Senator George McGovern and former Ambassador Sargent Shriver in ...
, content republished by
William Loeb III
William Loeb III (December 26, 1905 – September 13, 1981) was an American newspaper publisher. He is remembered for his unyieldingly conservative political views, which helped made the ''Manchester Union Leader'' of Manchester, New Hampshire, on ...
in the ''
Manchester Union Leader
The ''New Hampshire Union Leader'' is a daily newspaper from Manchester, the largest city in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. On Saturdays, it publishes as the ''New Hampshire Sunday News.''
Founded in 1863, the paper was best known for the c ...
'' "depicted her smoking, drinking, cussing, and generally behaving in a way conservative New Hampshire voters might not think becoming".
Her husband called Loeb a "gutless coward" in an emotional public display that ultimately lost him the
1972 Democratic presidential primary.
Inspired by her time in
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...
, Muskie co-wrote a novel, with
Abigail McCarthy, in 1986 about corruption and back-door politics titled ''One Woman Lost''. After her husband's political career ended, they moved to
Bethesda, Maryland
Bethesda () is an unincorporated, census-designated place in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Located just northwest of Washington, D.C., it is a major business and government center of the Washington metropolitan region ...
. Muskie died there in 2004 due to complications from
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems wit ...
and was buried, next to her husband, in
Arlington National Cemetery
Arlington National Cemetery is the largest cemetery in the United States National Cemetery System, one of two maintained by the United States Army. More than 400,000 people are buried in its 639 acres (259 ha) in Arlington County, Virginia.
...
.
Biography
Muskie was born Jane Frances Gray on February 12, 1927, in
Waterville, Maine
Waterville is a city in Kennebec County, Maine, United States, on the west bank of the Kennebec River. A college town, the city is home to Colby College, a New England Small College Athletic Conference, NESCAC college, and Thomas College.
As ...
, to Millage Guy Gray, a
Canadian
Canadians () are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical or cultural. For most Canadians, many (or all) of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being ''C ...
, and Myrtie May Jackson Gray, an American.
She was raised in the
Baptist
Baptists are a Christian denomination, denomination within Protestant Christianity distinguished by baptizing only professing Christian believers (believer's baptism) and doing so by complete Immersion baptism, immersion. Baptist churches ge ...
faith.
[ Her father died when she was ten years old, after which her mother supported the family.][ During the summers, she would travel to various resorts around Maine with her mother, who worked at them as a cook.][ Muskie's first job was as a dishwasher at one of the resorts.][ When she was fifteen years old she began working in a local dress shop.][
Muskie was voted "prettiest in school" as student at ]Waterville High School Waterville may refer to:
Places Canada
* Waterville, Quebec
* Waterville, Nova Scotia
* Waterville, Carleton County, New Brunswick, a rural community
* Waterville, Sunbury County, New Brunswick, a rural community
* Waterville, Newfoundland and Lab ...
.[Witherell (2014), pp. 80–81][ When she was eighteen years old, after graduating from high school, she was hired as a bookkeeper and saleswoman at an exclusive haute couture boutique in Waterville. While modelling a dress in the boutique window, a local lawyer and military officer, Lieutenant ]Edmund Muskie
Edmund Sixtus Muskie (March 28, 1914March 26, 1996) was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 58th United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1980 to 1981, a United States Senator from Maine from 1 ...
, came into the shop and invited her to attend a gala event with him. Soon after, she and Muskie began dating despite their difference in age stirring controversy in the town; she was nineteen and he was thirty-two. After dating for eighteen months, the two were married in a private ceremony in 1948. She converted to Catholicism
The Catholic Church (), also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.27 to 1.41 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwid ...
and switched over her political affiliation from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party shortly before getting married. At the time of their marriage, her husband was serving in the Maine House of Representatives
The Maine House of Representatives is the lower house of the Maine Legislature. The House consists of 151 voting members and three nonvoting members. The voting members represent an equal number of districts across the state and are elected via ...
.[ They had five children: Stephen Muskie (born 1949), Ellen Muskie (born 1950), Melinda Muskie (born 1956), Martha Muskie (born 1958), and Edmund Muskie Jr. (born 1961).] The Muskies lived in a yellow cottage at Kennebunk Beach while they lived in Maine.
Muskie assumed the role of First Lady of Maine upon her husband's inauguration as Governor of Maine
The governor of Maine is the head of government of the U.S. state of Maine. Before Maine was admitted to the Union in 1820, Maine was part of Massachusetts and the governor of Massachusetts was chief executive.
The current governor of Maine is J ...
in 1955. As first lady, she gave luncheons for three-hundred to four-hundred guests, as well as tea socials for wives of appointed officials, at The Blaine House.[ When the family moved to ]Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly known as Washington or D.C., is the capital city and federal district of the United States. The city is on the Potomac River, across from Virginia, and shares land borders with ...
after her husband's election to the United States Senate
The United States Senate is a chamber of the Bicameralism, bicameral United States Congress; it is the upper house, with the United States House of Representatives, U.S. House of Representatives being the lower house. Together, the Senate and ...
, Muskie joined an exclusive group of senator's wives.[ In 1986, inspired by their time in Washington, Muskie and Abigail McCarthy co-wrote a novel about behind-the-scenes power struggles in American politics titled ''One Woman Lost''.][ Muskie conducted most of the research used for the novel.][ She campaigned relentlessly for her husband throughout his political career in both state and federal politics.][ Her husband later served as ]United States Secretary of State
The United States secretary of state (SecState) is a member of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States and the head of the U.S. Department of State.
The secretary of state serves as the principal advisor to the ...
under President Jimmy Carter
James Earl Carter Jr. (October 1, 1924December 29, 2024) was an American politician and humanitarian who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party ...
.[
]
When Muskie's husband ran for president in 1972, William Loeb III
William Loeb III (December 26, 1905 – September 13, 1981) was an American newspaper publisher. He is remembered for his unyieldingly conservative political views, which helped made the ''Manchester Union Leader'' of Manchester, New Hampshire, on ...
published the "Canuck letter
The Canuck letter was a letter to the editor of the '' Manchester Union Leader'', published February 24, 1972, two weeks before the New Hampshire primary of the 1972 United States presidential election. It implied that Senator Edmund Muskie, a ca ...
" in the ''Manchester Union Leader
The ''New Hampshire Union Leader'' is a daily newspaper from Manchester, the largest city in the U.S. state of New Hampshire. On Saturdays, it publishes as the ''New Hampshire Sunday News.''
Founded in 1863, the paper was best known for the c ...
''; a letter reportedly forged by Donald Segretti
Donald Henry Segretti (born September 17, 1941, in San Marino, California) is an attorney best known for working as a political operative with then-U.S. President Richard Nixon's Committee to Re-elect the President during the early 1970s. Segret ...
and Ken W. Clawson that falsely accused Senator Muskie of being prejudiced against Americans of French-Canadian
French Canadians, referred to as Canadiens mainly before the nineteenth century, are an ethnic group descended from French colonists first arriving in France's colony of Canada in 1608. The vast majority of French Canadians live in the prov ...
descent. Loeb also called into the question the character of Jane Muskie,[ accusing her of telling dirty jokes and smoking cigarettes,][ and using colorful language during his campaign, per an interview reprinted from the '']Wall Street Journal
''The Wall Street Journal'' (''WSJ''), also referred to simply as the ''Journal,'' is an American newspaper based in New York City. The newspaper provides extensive coverage of news, especially business and finance. It operates on a subscriptio ...
'' and ''Newsweek
''Newsweek'' is an American weekly news magazine based in New York City. Founded as a weekly print magazine in 1933, it was widely distributed during the 20th century and has had many notable editors-in-chief. It is currently co-owned by Dev P ...
''.[ During the interview, she had referred to liquor as "booze", called her husband "Big Daddy", and suggested telling "dirty jokes" to pass the time.][
On February 26, 1972, Muskie's husband publicly rebuked Loeb, reportedly weeping while denouncing the attacks against her, stating "By attacking me and my wife, he oebhas proved himself to be a gutless coward."][ The incident derailed Muskie's campaign for the Democratic presidential nomination, due to a supposed display of emotion which was seen unfit for a president at the time.][ Republicans used the incident to claim that Muskie was emotionally unstable and unfit to serve as president.][ In 1986, Muskie spoke about the incident with her husband to '']The New York Times
''The New York Times'' (''NYT'') is an American daily newspaper based in New York City. ''The New York Times'' covers domestic, national, and international news, and publishes opinion pieces, investigative reports, and reviews. As one of ...
'' stating, "Now it's quite acceptable for a man to show his emotions. President Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He was a member of the Republican Party and became an important figure in ...
does it all the time."[
She died at her home in ]Bethesda, Maryland
Bethesda () is an unincorporated, census-designated place in southern Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. Located just northwest of Washington, D.C., it is a major business and government center of the Washington metropolitan region ...
, on December 25, 2004, due to complications related to Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease and the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems wit ...
. She is buried next to her husband in Section 25 of Arlington National Cemetery
Arlington National Cemetery is the largest cemetery in the United States National Cemetery System, one of two maintained by the United States Army. More than 400,000 people are buried in its 639 acres (259 ha) in Arlington County, Virginia.
...
in Arlington, Virginia
Arlington County, or simply Arlington, is a County (United States), county in the U.S. state of Virginia. The county is located in Northern Virginia on the southwestern bank of the Potomac River directly across from Washington, D.C., the nati ...
.[
]
References
{{DEFAULTSORT:Muskie, Jane
1927 births
2004 deaths
20th-century American novelists
American people of Canadian descent
American women novelists
Bookkeepers
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
Catholics from Maine
Converts to Roman Catholicism from Baptist denominations
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease in Maryland
First ladies and gentlemen of Maine
Maine Democrats
Novelists from Maine
Spouses of Maine politicians
People from Waterville, Maine