Jane Morris (née Burden; 19 October 1839 – 26 January 1914) was an English embroiderer in the

Arts and Crafts movement The Arts and Crafts movement was an international trend in the decorative and fine arts that developed earliest and most fully in the British Isles and subsequently spread across the British Empire and to the rest of Europe and America. Initiat ...

and an artists' model who embodied the

Pre-Raphaelite The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB), later known as the Pre-Raphaelites, was a group of English painters, poets, and art critics, founded in 1848 by William Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Michael Rossetti, ...

ideal of beauty. She was a model and

muse In ancient Greek religion and Greek mythology, mythology, the Muses (, ) were the Artistic inspiration, inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric p ...

to her husband

William Morris William Morris (24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896) was an English textile designer, poet, artist, writer, and socialist activist associated with the British Arts and Crafts movement. He was a major contributor to the revival of traditiona ...

and to

Dante Gabriel Rossetti Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti (12 May 1828 – 9 April 1882), generally known as Dante Gabriel Rossetti ( ; ), was an English poet, illustrator, painter, translator, and member of the Rossetti family. He founded the Pre-Raphaelite Brother ...

. Her sister was the embroiderer and teacher Elizabeth Burden.

Life

Jane Burden was born in

Oxford Oxford () is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and non-metropolitan district in Oxfordshire, England, of which it is the county town. The city is home to the University of Oxford, the List of oldest universities in continuou ...

, the daughter of a stableman, Robert Burden, and his wife Ann Maizey, who was a domestic servant or a laundress. At the time of her birth, her parents were living at St Helen's Passage, in the parish of St Peter-in-the-East, off Holywell Street in Oxford which has since been marked with a

blue plaque A blue plaque is a permanent sign installed in a public place in the United Kingdom, and certain other countries and territories, to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person, event, or former building on the site, serving a ...

. Her mother Ann was illiterate and probably came to Oxford as a

domestic servant A domestic worker is a person who works within a residence and performs a variety of household services for an individual, from providing cleaning and household maintenance, or cooking, laundry and ironing, or childcare, care for children and ...

. Little is known of Jane Burden's childhood, but it was certainly poor. In October 1857, Burden and her sister Elizabeth, known as Bessie, attended a performance of the

Drury Lane Drury Lane is a street on the boundary between the Covent Garden and Holborn areas of London, running between Aldwych and High Holborn. The northern part is in the borough of London Borough of Camden, Camden and the southern part in the City o ...

Theatre Company in Oxford. Jane Burden was noticed by

and

Edward Burne-Jones Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones, 1st Baronet, (; 28 August 183317 June 1898) was an English painter and designer associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood's style and subject matter. Burne-Jones worked with William Morris as a founding part ...

who were members of a group of artists painting the Oxford Union murals, based on Arthurian tales. Struck by her beauty, they asked her to

model A model is an informative representation of an object, person, or system. The term originally denoted the plans of a building in late 16th-century English, and derived via French and Italian ultimately from Latin , . Models can be divided in ...

for them. Burden sat mostly for Rossetti as a model for Queen

Guinevere Guinevere ( ; ; , ), also often written in Modern English as Guenevere or Guenever, was, according to Arthurian legend, an early-medieval queen of Great Britain and the wife of King Arthur. First mentioned in literature in the early 12th cen ...

and afterwards for

, who was working on an easel painting, ''La Belle Iseult'', now in the Tate Gallery. During this period, Morris fell in love with Burden and they became engaged, though by her own admission she was not in love with Morris. She became a skilled needlewoman, self-taught in ancient embroidery techniques, and later became renowned for her own embroideries. Jane married William Morris at St Michael at the Northgate in Oxford on 26 April 1859. After the marriage, the Morrises moved to the quasi-medieval Red House in Bexleyheath, Kent. While living there, they had two daughters, Jane Alice "Jenny," born 17 January 1861, and Mary "May" born 25 March 1862, who later edited her father's works. They moved to 26 Queen Square in London, which they shared with the design firm of Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co., and later bought Kelmscott House in

Hammersmith Hammersmith is a district of West London, England, southwest of Charing Cross. It is the administrative centre of the London Borough of Hammersmith and Fulham, and identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London. It ...

as their main residence.Although Jane, her daughters Jenny and May, and her sister Bessie all supervised and embroidered for Morris & Co., credit for the designs were given to William Morris himself "in the interests of commercial success." The three embroidered panels depicting the illustrious women of

Chaucer Geoffrey Chaucer ( ; – 25 October 1400) was an English poet, author, and civil servant best known for '' The Canterbury Tales''. He has been called the "father of English literature", or, alternatively, the "father of English poetry". He ...

and

Tennyson Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (; 6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892) was an English poet. He was the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom, Poet Laureate during much of Queen Victoria's reign. In 1829, Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's ...

's writing now at

Castle Howard Castle Howard is an English country house in Henderskelfe, North Yorkshire, north of York. A private residence, it has been the home of the Earl of Carlisle, Carlisle branch of the House of Howard, Howard family for more than 300 years. Castle ...

were produced by Jane and Bessie in the 1880s. In 1871, William Morris and Rossetti took out a joint tenancy on

Kelmscott Manor Kelmscott Manor is a limestone manor house in the Cotswolds village of Kelmscott, in West Oxfordshire, southern England. It dates from around 1570, with a late 17th-century wing, and is listed Grade I on the National Heritage List for Eng ...

on the Gloucestershire–

Oxfordshire Oxfordshire ( ; abbreviated ''Oxon'') is a ceremonial county in South East England. The county is bordered by Northamptonshire and Warwickshire to the north, Buckinghamshire to the east, Berkshire to the south, and Wiltshire and Glouceste ...

–

Wiltshire Wiltshire (; abbreviated to Wilts) is a ceremonial county in South West England. It borders Gloucestershire to the north, Oxfordshire to the north-east, Berkshire to the east, Hampshire to the south-east, Dorset to the south, and Somerset to ...

borders. William Morris went to Iceland, leaving his wife and Rossetti to furnish the house and spend the summer there. Jane Morris had become closely attached to Rossetti and became a favourite muse of his. Their romantic relationship is reputed to have started in the late 1860s and lasted, on differing levels, until his death in 1882. They shared a deep emotional connection, and she inspired Rossetti to write poetry and create some of his best paintings. Her discovery of his dependence on

chloral hydrate Chloral hydrate is a geminal diol with the formula . It was first used as a sedative and hypnotic in Germany in the 1870s. Over time it was replaced by safer and more effective alternatives but it remained in use in the United States until at ...

, which was taken for insomnia, eventually led her to distance herself from him, although they stayed in touch until he died in 1882. In 1883, Jane Morris met the poet and political activist Wilfrid Scawen Blunt at a house party given by her close friend, Rosalind Howard (later Countess of Carlisle). There appears to have been an immediate attraction between them. By 1887 at the latest, they had become lovers. Their sexual relationship continued until 1894 and they remained close friends until her death. A few months before her death, she bought Kelmscott Manor to secure it for her daughters' future. However, she did not return to the house after having purchased it. Jane Morris died on 26 January 1914, while staying at 5 Brock Street in

Bath Bath may refer to: * Bathing, immersion in a fluid ** Bathtub, a large open container for water, in which a person may wash their body ** Public bathing, a public place where people bathe * Thermae, ancient Roman public bathing facilities Plac ...

. She is buried in the churchyard of St. George's Church in Kelmscott.

Gallery

File:Jane Burden at 18 by William Morris.jpg, Jane sketched by

at age 18, during their engagement File:Jane and Jenny Morris circa 1864 by H. Smith.jpg, Jane and Jenny Morris c. 1864 File:Jane and May Morris circa 1865.jpg, Jane and May Morris, c. 1865 File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - La Pia de Tolomei.jpeg, Dante Gabriel Rossetti: '' Pia de' Tolomei'', c. 1868 File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - The M's at Ems.jpg, ''William Morris reading to Jane Morris while she takes the waters at Bad Ems'', by

(1869) File:Mariana by Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Dante Gabriel Rossetti - ABDAG002900.jpg, Morris as Mariana from

Measure for Measure ''Measure for Measure'' is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603 or 1604 and first performed in 1604. It was published in the First Folio of 1623. The play centers on the despotic and puritan Angelo (Measure for ...

, by

(1870),

Aberdeen Art Gallery Aberdeen Art Gallery is the main visual arts exhibition space in the city of Aberdeen, Scotland. It was founded in 1884 in a building designed by Alexander Marshall Mackenzie, with a sculpture court added in 1905. In 1900, it received the art ...

File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - Proserpine.jpg, Morris painted by

as '' Proserpine'' (1874) File:Dante Gabriel Rossetti - The Day Dream - Google Art Project.jpg, Dante Gabriel Rossetti – '' The Day Dream'', 1880

Paintings and artworks

Jane Morris's embroidery:
''Bag''
embroidered silk. c.1878, Colored silks, metal mount. Victoria & Albert Museum, London. * ''The Legend of Good Women'' embroidered panels, 1880s, by Jane Morris and Elizabeth Burden, Castle Howard. * ''Honeysuckle embroidery,'' designed in 1876, made 1880s, silk and linen, William Morris Gallery, London. Paintings of Jane Morris by

: * ''The Blue Silk Dress'', 1868. * '' Proserpine'' or ''Proserpina'', 1874. Oil on canvas. Tate Britain gallery, London. * ''Astarte Syriaca'', 1875–1879. City Art Gallery, Manchester. * ''Beatrice, a Portrait of Jane Morris'', 1879. Oil on canvas × 11 inches. * '' The Day Dream'', 1880. Oil on canvas.

Victoria and Albert Museum The Victoria and Albert Museum (abbreviated V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of applied arts, decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.8 million objects. It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen ...

, London. * ''La Donna della Fiamma'', 1877. Coloured chalks.

Manchester Art Gallery Manchester Art Gallery, formerly Manchester City Art Gallery, is a publicly owned art museum on Mosley Street in Manchester city centre, England. The main gallery premises were built for a learned society in 1823 and today its collection occupi ...

. * ''La Donna della Finestra'', 1879. Oil on canvas. Fogg Museum of Art, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA. * ''La Donna Della Finestra'', 1881 (unfinished). * ''Jane Morris'', c. 1860. Pencil. * ''Jane Morris'', 1865. * ''Mariana'', 1870.

. * ''Pandora'', 1869. * ''Pandora'', 1871. * '' La Pia de' Tolomei'', 1866–1870. Oil on canvas.

Spencer Museum of Art The Spencer Museum of Art is an art museum operated by the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas, United States. History In 1917, the Kansas City art collector Sallie Casey Thayer donated her collection of over seven thousand works of art, ...

, University of Kansas. * ''Portrait of Mrs William Morris''. * ''Portrait of Jane Morris'', 1858. Pen. * ''Reverie'', 1868. Chalk on paper.

Ashmolean Museum The Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology () on Beaumont Street in Oxford, England, is Britain's first public museum. Its first building was erected in 1678–1683 to house the cabinet of curiosities that Elias Ashmole gave to the University ...

, Oxford, UK. * ''The Roseleaf'', 1865. Pencil. * ''Study of Guinevere'' for ''Sir Lancelot in the Queen's Chamber'', 1857. * '' Water Willow'', 1871. Delaware Art Museum Photographs of Jane Burden by Rossetti are available a

By

: * :File:William Morris 001.jpg, ''La Belle Iseult'' (also called ''Queen Guinevere''), 1858. Oil. By

: * Numerous stained-glass windows, including at

Christ Church, Oxford Christ Church (, the temple or house, ''wikt:aedes, ædes'', of Christ, and thus sometimes known as "The House") is a Colleges of the University of Oxford, constituent college of the University of Oxford in England. Founded in 1546 by Henry V ...

. By Evelyn De Morgan: * '' The Love Potion'' 1903 * ''Chalk study of Jane Morris for The Hourglass'', 1904. De Morgan Foundation * ''The Hourglass'' 1905 De Morgan Foundation Wightwick Manor

Life

Gallery

Paintings and artworks

References

Further reading