Jan Marsalek
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Jan Marsalek (
The birth name is the name of the person given upon their birth. The term may be applied to the surname, the given name or to the entire name. Where births are required to be officially registered, the entire name entered onto a births registe ...
Maršálek, 15 March 1980) is an Austrian fugitive former businessman and suspected spy operative for Russia. From 2010 to 2020, he was
chief operating officer A chief operating officer (COO), also called chief operations officer, is an executive in charge of the daily operations of an organization (i.e. personnel, resources, and logistics). COOs are usually second-in-command immediately after the C ...
of the German payment processing firm
Wirecard Wirecard AG is an insolvent German payment processor and financial services provider whose former Chief executive officer, CEO, Chief operating officer, COO, two Board of directors, board members, and other executives have been arrested or other ...
, which became insolvent and collapsed in 2020. Marsalek was responsible for Wirecard's business in Asia, where the company admitted that nearly €2 billion in cash it supposedly held did not exist. Marsalek and the rest of the company's executive team were dismissed on 18 June 2020, after which he fled Germany. He is now reportedly living in Russia after
Interpol The International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL (abbreviated as ICPO–INTERPOL), commonly known as Interpol ( , ; stylized in allcaps), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and crime cont ...
issued a "red notice" arrest warrant for his alleged role in the
Wirecard scandal The Wirecard scandal (German: ''Wirecard-Skandal'') was a series of corrupt business practices and fraudulent financial reporting that led to the insolvency of Wirecard, a payment processor and financial services provider, headquartered in Munic ...
. According to investigators, Marsalek had been recruited by Russian intelligence since at least 2010.


Early life

Marsalek attended high school in Austria but dropped out without obtaining a diploma. Marsalek's grandfather,
Hans Maršálek Hans Maršálek (19 July 1914 – 9 December 2011) was an Austrian typesetter, political activist, detective, historian, and suspected spy for the Soviet Union. A devout socialist and active in the resistance, he was arrested by the Nazis and ...
, was a member of the
Austrian resistance The Austrian resistance was launched in response to the rise of the fascists across Europe and, more specifically, to the Anschluss in 1938 and resulting occupation of Austria by Germany. An estimated 100,000 people were reported to have parti ...
during
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
and was later suspected to be a spy for the
Soviet Union The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
. At the age of 19, Jan Marsalek founded an e-commerce software company.


Career with Wirecard

Marselek began working for Wirecard in 2000, initially hired for his knowledge on WAP systems. On 1 February 2010, he became the firm's chief operating officer and also joined the company's executive committee.


Wirecard scandal

Marsalek and the rest of Wirecard's executive team were terminated on 18 June 2020. According to
Bellingcat Bellingcat (stylised bell¿ngcat) is a Netherlands-based investigative journalism group that specialises in fact-checking and open-source intelligence (OSINT). It was founded by British citizen journalist and former blogger Eliot Higgins in Ju ...
, an investigative journalism website, Marsalek told colleagues he was going to the
Philippines The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an Archipelagic state, archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it consists of List of islands of the Philippines, 7,641 islands, with a tot ...
to prove his innocence. Soon afterward he was reported missing. Marsalek is considered a key suspect by German authorities in the
Wirecard scandal The Wirecard scandal (German: ''Wirecard-Skandal'') was a series of corrupt business practices and fraudulent financial reporting that led to the insolvency of Wirecard, a payment processor and financial services provider, headquartered in Munic ...
, in which the company inflated its balance sheet, eventually leading to the company's collapse in 2020. Marsalek's last known residence was in
Munich Munich is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria, Germany. As of 30 November 2024, its population was 1,604,384, making it the third-largest city in Germany after Berlin and Hamburg. Munich is the largest city in Germany that is no ...
. An investigation by Bellingcat, ''
Der Spiegel (, , stylized in all caps) is a German weekly news magazine published in Hamburg. With a weekly circulation of about 724,000 copies in 2022, it is one of the largest such publications in Europe. It was founded in 1947 by John Seymour Chaloner ...
'' and '' The Insider'' indicated that he fled to
Minsk Minsk (, ; , ) is the capital and largest city of Belarus, located on the Svislach (Berezina), Svislach and the now subterranean Nyamiha, Niamiha rivers. As the capital, Minsk has a special administrative status in Belarus and is the administra ...
, Belarus, just hours after he was fired from Wirecard. On 19 July 2020, the German newspaper ''
Handelsblatt The ''Handelsblatt'' (literally "commerce paper" in English) is a German-language business newspaper published in Düsseldorf by Handelsblatt Media Group, formerly known as Verlagsgruppe Handelsblatt. History and profile ''Handelsblatt'' was es ...
'' reported that Marsalek was probably in Russia, where he was believed to live under the supervision of the Russian
GRU Gru is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the ''Despicable Me'' film series. Gru or GRU may also refer to: Arts and entertainment * Gru (rapper), Serbian rapper * Gru, an antagonist in '' The Kine Saga'' Organizations Georgia (c ...
in a mansion near
Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
. According to ''
Die Welt (, ) is a German national daily newspaper, published as a broadsheet by Axel Springer SE. is the flagship newspaper of the Axel Springer publishing group and it is considered a newspaper of record in Germany. Its leading competitors are the ...
'', the BND had information in 2020 that Marsalek was at a Russian FSB training center in
Balashikha Balashikha ( rus, Балашиха, p=bəlɐˈʂɨxə) is a city in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Pekhorka River east of the Moscow Ring Road. Population: Etymology In Finno-Ugric languages, ''Bala-shika'' means ''land of celebration ...
, a suburb of Moscow. At the request of Germany,
Interpol The International Criminal Police Organization – INTERPOL (abbreviated as ICPO–INTERPOL), commonly known as Interpol ( , ; stylized in allcaps), is an international organization that facilitates worldwide police cooperation and crime cont ...
issued a red notice for Marsalek in August 2020. The notice was a formal request to law enforcement worldwide to locate and arrest him, pending
extradition In an extradition, one Jurisdiction (area), jurisdiction delivers a person Suspect, accused or Conviction, convicted of committing a crime in another jurisdiction, into the custody of the other's law enforcement. It is a cooperative law enforc ...
. In May 2021, the German BND assessed that Marsalek remained living near Moscow. The Russian government claimed it was unaware of his whereabouts. According to
Mikhail Khodorkovsky Mikhail Borisovich Khodorkovsky (, ; born 26 June 1963), sometimes known by his initials MBK, is an exiled Russian businessman, Russian oligarchs, oligarch, and Russian opposition, opposition activist, now residing in London. In 2003, Khodork ...
's Dossier Center, Marsalek had received Russian citizenship and possessed at least two fake Russian passports in 2021. He reportedly lived under FSB protection at the
Meyendorff Castle Meyendorff Castle or Meindorf Castle ( or Мейндорф) is a Châteauesque architectural extravaganza constructed at the turn of the 20th century to Pyotr Boytsov's designs as a private residence of the Swedish-Baltic German , (a cadet line ...
.


Ties to Russian intelligence

Marsalek became a person of interest in 2020 for at least three Western intelligence agencies due to his associations with the Russian
GRU Gru is a fictional character and the main protagonist of the ''Despicable Me'' film series. Gru or GRU may also refer to: Arts and entertainment * Gru (rapper), Serbian rapper * Gru, an antagonist in '' The Kine Saga'' Organizations Georgia (c ...
. In Munich, Marsalek had lived opposite the Russian consulate. Russian media and Germany's governing coalition reported that Marsalek made contacts with
Russian intelligence The Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR) is the civilian foreign intelligence agency of Russia. The SVR succeeded the First Chief Directorate of the KGB in December 1991.The Security Organs of the Russian Federation: A Brief History 1991–2004' ...
through the Austrian-Russian Friendship Society. Among his associates was former GRU colonel Andrey Chuprygin. Marsalek reportedly boasted to companions about his trips to
Palmyra Palmyra ( ; Palmyrene dialect, Palmyrene: (), romanized: ''Tadmor''; ) is an ancient city in central Syria. It is located in the eastern part of the Levant, and archaeological finds date back to the Neolithic period, and documents first menti ...
, Syria, as a "guest of the Russian military". Since 2015, Marsalek had reportedly discussed the
Libyan crisis Demographics of Libya is the demography of Libya, specifically covering population density, ethnicity, and religious affiliations, as well as other aspects of the Libyan population. All figures are from the United Nations Demographic Yearbooks ...
with representatives of the Russian government. A company linked to Marsalek by the ''
Financial Times The ''Financial Times'' (''FT'') is a British daily newspaper printed in broadsheet and also published digitally that focuses on business and economic Current affairs (news format), current affairs. Based in London, the paper is owned by a Jap ...
'' was used by the
Wagner Group The Wagner Group (), officially known as PMC Wagner (, ), is a Russian state-funded private military company (PMC) controlled 2023 Wagner Group plane crash, until 2023 by Yevgeny Prigozhin, a former close ally of Russia's president Vladimir Pu ...
, an organization of Russian mercenaries, to stage personnel. A 2023 investigation concluded that Marsalek had been recruited as a Russian intelligence agent for at least a decade. An investigation by German, Austrian and Russian journalists also revealed that in 2020 Russian special services had assigned Marsalek the fake identity of Konstantin Bajazow, an
Orthodox priest Presbyter is, in the Bible, a synonym for ''bishop'' (''episkopos''), referring to a leader in local church congregations. In modern Eastern Orthodox usage, it is distinct from ''bishop'' and synonymous with priest. Its literal meaning in Greek ...
. Marsalek was issued a Russian passport with this identity, one originally belonging to an actual Orthodox priest from
Lipetsk Lipetsk (, ), also Romanization of Russian, romanized as Lipeck, is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Voronezh (river), Voronezh River in the Do ...
who physically resembles Marsalek. A key role was also played by Natalia Zlobina, who became Marsalek's partner. It was suggested that she may have been recruited as a " honey trap", as she had casually met Marsalek and by 2014 had introduced him to GRU handler Stanislav Petlinsky. Already in 2017, Marsalek and Zlobina made a trip to Syria to visit Wagner Group units there. Marsalek then used the
Wirecard Wirecard AG is an insolvent German payment processor and financial services provider whose former Chief executive officer, CEO, Chief operating officer, COO, two Board of directors, board members, and other executives have been arrested or other ...
company he managed to supply Wagner and other Russian military and influence groups in the Middle East. Through the Swiss adventure group MiGFlug, the pair were able to fly to Russia in an
MiG-29 The Mikoyan MiG-29 (; NATO reporting name: Fulcrum) is a twinjet, twin-engine fighter aircraft designed in the Soviet Union. Developed by the Mikoyan design bureau as an air superiority fighter during the 1970s, the MiG-29, along with the large ...
fighter jet. In 2023, Marsalek contracted with a group composed of five Bulgarian nationals, all later arrested in London after trying to target Russian opposition across Europe. In their September 2023 trial, all five Bulgarians were accused of being part of a Russian spying network in the UK. The prosecution alleged that the network had been given its instructions by Jan Marsalek. In March 2024, ''Der Spiegels English-language website published a detailed investigation into Marsalek's alleged involvement with Russian state agencies. In summer 2023,
Christo Grozev Christo Grozev (; born 20 May 1969) is a Bulgarian investigative journalist and author. He is the head of investigations with '' The Insider'' and former lead Russia investigator with Bellingcat. He also writes for ''Der Spiegel''. His investig ...
discovered evidence that Marsalek was living in Russia under the false identity of Alexander Ivanovich Schmidt, and had additionally been travelling under that name using a French passport. The Austrian authorities report that Egisto Ott received €20,000 for a SINA laptop from Marsalek. In 2024, at the UK court case Marsalek was described as the person who coordinated the "Bulgarian spy ring" and paid one of the suspects Orlin Roussev £204,000 for his operations. Marsalek and Roussev remained in frequent contact, exchanging over 70,000 messages in Telegram between 2020–2024. Their primary targets were
Christo Grozev Christo Grozev (; born 20 May 1969) is a Bulgarian investigative journalist and author. He is the head of investigations with '' The Insider'' and former lead Russia investigator with Bellingcat. He also writes for ''Der Spiegel''. His investig ...
and
Roman Dobrokhotov Roman Aleksandrovich Dobrokhotov (; born August 6, 1983) is a Russian investigative journalist, political scientist and former activist. He is the founder and editor-in-chief of The Insider, a Russia-focused media outlet. He is also one of the ...
.


See also

*
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared This is a list of fugitives from justice, notable people who disappeared or evaded capture while being sought by law enforcement agencies in connection with a crime, and who are currently sought or were sought for the duration of their presumed ...
*''
Antidote An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. The term ultimately derives from the Greek term φάρμακον ἀντίδοτον ''(pharmakon antidoton)'', "(medicine) given as a remedy". An older term in English which is ...
'': 2024 documentary film produced by James Jones


Notes


References


External links


Search for Jan Marsalek
by the
Federal Criminal Police Office (Germany) The Federal Criminal Police Office of Germany (, , abbreviated ') is the Federal republic, federal Security agency, investigative police agency of Germany, directly subordinated to the Federal Ministry of the Interior (Germany), Federal Ministry ...

Jan Marsalek
on Europe's Most Wanted Fugitives list from
Europol Europol, officially the European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation, is the law enforcement agency of the European Union (EU). Established in 1998, it is based in The Hague, Netherlands, and serves as the central hub for coordinating c ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Marsalek, Jan 1980 births Fugitives wanted by Germany Fugitives wanted on fraud charges Living people Russian spies Chief operating officers Austrian business executives Austrian bankers Austrian people of Czech descent