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Jamyang Rinchen Gyeltsen (), who lived from (1257 - 5 February 1305), was the ruler of the Sakya school of
Tibetan Buddhism Tibetan Buddhism is a form of Buddhism practiced in Tibet, Bhutan and Mongolia. It also has a sizable number of adherents in the areas surrounding the Himalayas, including the Indian regions of Ladakh, Gorkhaland Territorial Administration, D ...
, which had precedence in
Tibet Tibet (; ''Böd''; ), or Greater Tibet, is a region in the western part of East Asia, covering much of the Tibetan Plateau and spanning about . It is the homeland of the Tibetan people. Also resident on the plateau are other ethnic groups s ...
under the
Yuan dynasty The Yuan dynasty ( ; zh, c=元朝, p=Yuáncháo), officially the Great Yuan (; Mongolian language, Mongolian: , , literally 'Great Yuan State'), was a Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after Div ...
, in 1286–1303. He also held the title of Imperial Preceptor ( ''Dishi'') from 1304 to his demise in 1305.


Rise of the Sharpa family

The Khön family, hereditary abbot-rulers of Sakya, acquired a leading position in Tibet after the Mongol conquest of Tibet. Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (d. 1280) held a high position at the court of the
Khagan Khagan or Qaghan (Middle Mongol:; or ''Khagan''; ) or zh, c=大汗, p=Dàhán; ''Khāqān'', alternatively spelled Kağan, Kagan, Khaghan, Kaghan, Khakan, Khakhan, Khaqan, Xagahn, Qaghan, Chagan, Қан, or Kha'an is a title of empire, im ...
and exerted influence over Tibetan affairs. Under the abbot were the so-called Three Schools: the eastern (Shar), western (Nub), and middle (Gun). The Shar school was associated with a family of Zhangzhung origins, of the Old Tantra school (Ngag Nyingmawa). One of their line, Chukpo Jetsun Kyab, had three sons, all disciples of Phagpa. They were Yeshe Rinchen, Kunga Senge, and Jamyang Rinchen Gyaltsen. After the young Sakya ''Dishi'' Dharmapala Raksita vacated his position in 1286 and died in 1287, Khagan Kublai Khan suspended the influence of the Khön family. Instead the Shar or Sharpa family came to the fore. This was possibly due to their good relations with the influential Yuan minister Sangge. Yeshe Rinchen was appointed ''Dishi'' by orders of Kublai Khan, while his youngest brother Jamyang Rinchen Gyeltsen became the acting abbot () of the Sakya school. The appointments gave the Sharpa brothers influence in Tibet, but neither of them was the executive ruler of the land. This task was performed by a series of administrators ('' dpon-chen'' or ''pönchen'') who resided in Sakya. In the time of Jamyang Rinchen Gyeltsen they were: * Zhonnu Wangchuk (c. 1285–1288) * Changchub Dorje (c. 1289) * Aglen Dorje Pal (c. 1290–1298) * Zhonnu Wangchuk (1298, second time) * Lekpa Pal (1298-c. 1305)


Anti-Mongol rebellion

The accession of Jamyang Rinchen Gyaltsen coincided with increasing unrest in Central Tibet. The center of anti-Yuan resistance was the important Drigung Monastery, which headed a full-scale rebellion in 1287. At first the impoverished Mongol garrisons in Tibet were unable to quell the resistance. After three years, the new ''dpon-chen'' Aglen received a fresh detachment of Mongol troops under the prince Temür Buqa, accompanied by the militia of the 13 myriarchies (divisions) of Central Tibet. The Drigung troops received assistance from the Chaghatai Mongols but suffered a defeat at Palmothang, after which the monastery was assaulted and torched. Most of the defenders inside were cut down including the administrator of Drigung. The abbot, however, managed to escape. Surviving Chaghatai troops succumbed in a snowstorm which was supposedly produced by the powerful magic skills of the cleric Zur Shakya Sengge. After this bloody victory the Yuan troops marched through the south-eastern part of Tibet, towards Assam, confirming Mongol and Sakya rule in these quarters.


Yuan-Sakya rule unchallenged

The crushing of the rebellion in 1290 meant that the system of Yuan overlordship assisted by Sakya was secured for the next four decades. Nevertheless, the position of the Sharpa family was probably weakened by the downfall and execution of their powerful ally Sangge in 1291. The elder Sharpa brother Yeshe Rinchen resigned as ''Dishi'' in the same year, dying three years later. After the death of Kublai Khan in 1294 the ''dpon-chen'' Aglen suggested that a scion of the old Khön family should be allowed to rule Sakya instead of Jamyang Rinchen Gyaltsen. This would be Zangpo Pal, a nephew of Phagpa, who presently stayed in South China. As a matter of fact the new great khan Temür acknowledged Zangpo Pal as the right heir and let him return to Sakya in 1298. Jamyang Rinchen Gyaltsen nominally handed over the abbot-ship, but continued to direct Sakya affairs from the official abbot's palace Zhitog. It was only in 1303 that he was summoned to Beijing by the Great Khan. Being a loyal and experienced man, he was ordered to take up the position of ''Dishi'' after the death of the former title-holder. Arriving at the imperial court he was officially installed on 23 February 1304. However, he already died on 5 February 1305.Luciano Petech 1990, pp. 73-6.


See also

* Tibet under Yuan rule * History of Tibet *
Mongol Empire The Mongol Empire was the List of largest empires, largest contiguous empire in human history, history. Originating in present-day Mongolia in East Asia, the Mongol Empire at its height stretched from the Sea of Japan to parts of Eastern Euro ...
* Sakya Trizin


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gyaltsen, Jamyang Rinchen 1305 deaths Sakya Trizins 13th-century Tibetan people 14th-century Tibetan people 13th-century lamas 14th-century lamas Year of birth uncertain