Jammala

Jammala ( ar, جمّالا) is a Palestinian town in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate, located 18 kilometers Northwest of Ramallah in the northern West Bank. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS), the town had a population of 1,453 inhabitants in mid-year 2006.

Jammala, together with Beitillu and Deir 'Ammar, form the new town of Al-Ittihad.Al-Itihad Town Profile (Beitillu, Jammala & Deir 'Ammar)
ARIJ, pp. 4-5

Location of Al-Ittihad

Al-Itihad is located northwest of Ramallah. Al-Itihad is bordered by Kobar and Al-Zaytouneh lands to the east, Deir Abu Mash'al, Deir Nidham and 'Abud lands to the north, Shabtin and Deir Qaddis to the west, and Ras Karkar, Kharbatha Bani Harith, Al-Zaytouneh and Al Janiya villages to the south.

History

Potsherds from the Hellenistic,Finkelstein et al 1997, p. 214 Roman and Byzantine eras have been found at Jammala.

It has been suggested that this was ''Gemmail'', mentioned in Frankish sources, but archeological evidence does not support this.

Ottoman era

Jammala was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers as being in the ''nahiya'' of Al-Quds in the ''liwa'' of Al-Quds. It had a population of 22 household; who were all Muslims. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33,3 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, olive trees, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 11,000 akçe.Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 114 Potsherd from the early Ottoman era have also been found here.

In 1838 Jemmala was noted as Muslim village in the ''Beni Harith'' district, north of Jerusalem.

In May, 1870, Victor Guérin found the village, which he called ''Djemmala'', to have 350 inhabitants. He further noted that some houses were constructed of stones, which by their size and regularity "spoke of ancient times". An Ottoman village list from about the same year, 1870, found that the village, called ''Dschemali'', had a population of 246, in a total of 36 houses, though the population count included men, only.Socin, 1879, p
153
It was also noted to be in the ''Beni Harit'' district

In 1882, the PEF's ''Survey of Western Palestine'' described ''Jemmala'' as: "a very small village, with a little mosque on high ground."

In 1896 the population of ''Dschemali'' was estimated to be about 312 persons.

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Jammala had a population of 119 Muslims,Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Ramallah, p.
16
/ref> increasing in the 1931 census to 164 Muslims, in 53 houses.Mills, 1932,
49
/ref>

In the 1945 statistics the population of Jammala was 200 Muslims,Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p
26
/ref> while the total land area was 7,170 dunams, according to an official land and population survey. Of this, 1,946 were plantations and irrigable land, 1,032 for cereals, while 19 dunams were classified as built-up areas.

File:Jammala 1944.jpg, Jammala 1944 1:20,000
File:Deir Abu Mash'al 1945.jpg, Jammala 1945 1:250,000

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements.

The Jordanian census of 1961 found 322 inhabitants in Jammala.Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p
24
It was further noted (note 2) that it was governed by a mukhtar.

1967-present

Since the Six-Day War in 1967, Jammala has been under Israeli occupation. The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 268, of whom 15 originated from the Israeli territory.

After the 1995 accords, 41.2% of Al-Ittihad land is defined as Area B land, while the remaining 58.8% is defined as Area C. Israel has confiscated 858 dunams of land from Al-Ittihad for the construction of 4 Israeli settlements: Nahl'iel, Na'aleh, Talmon and Hallamish.Al-Itihad Town Profile (Beitillu, Jammala & Deir 'Ammar)
ARIJ, pp. 16-17

References

Bibliography

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External links

AL-Itihad Town (Fact Sheet)
Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
Al-Itihad Town Profile (Beitillu, Jammala & Deir 'Ammar)
ARIJ
Al-Itihad aerial photo
ARIJ
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 14
IAAWikimedia commons

{{Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate

Villages in the West Bank
Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate
Municipalities of the State of Palestine