James "Mac" Warren is a journalist and steel worker who ran as the Socialist Workers Party candidate for

United States President The president of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed For ...

in 1988 and 1992. His running mate in 1988 was Kathleen Mickells, and in 1992 he had two: Estelle DeBates and Willie Mae Reid, varying from state to state. Warren and his running mates received 23,533 votes (0.02%). Warren also ran against incumbent

Richard M. Daley Richard Michael Daley (born April 24, 1942) is an American politician who served as the 54th mayor of Chicago, Illinois, from 1989 to 2011. Daley was elected mayor in 1989 and was reelected five times until declining to run for a seventh ter ...

for mayor of Chicago in

1991 It was the final year of the Cold War, which had begun in 1947. During the year, the Soviet Union Dissolution of the Soviet Union, collapsed, leaving Post-soviet states, fifteen sovereign republics and the Commonwealth of Independent State ...

, receiving less than 1% of the vote.

Bibliography

* ''The National Black Independent Political Party: an Important Step forward for Blacks and other American Workers'' (1981) (with Nan Bailey and Malik Miah) * ''Independent Black Political Action 1954-1978: The Struggle to Break with the Democratic and Republican Parties'' (1982) ) * ''A Socialist View of the Chicago Election: Forging a Black-Latino-Labor Alliance'' (1983) (with Jon Hillson and Malik Miah)

References

Year of birth missing (living people) Living people African-American candidates for President of the United States African-American people in Illinois politics Socialist Workers Party (United States) presidential nominees Candidates in the 1988 United States presidential election Candidates in the 1992 United States presidential election Politicians from Chicago 20th-century African-American politicians 21st-century African-American politicians {{Illinois-politician-stub