General The Hon. James St Clair (1688 – 30 November 1762) was a Scottish soldier and Whig politician.

Background

St Clair was the second son of Henry St Clair, 10th Lord Sinclair and his wife Grizel Cockburn, daughter of Sir James Cockburn, 1st Baronet. As a child he received a commission into the 1st Battalion, Royal Regiment of Foot.

Military career

St Clair became an ensign of 6th Regiment of Foot in 1694, however was set on halfpay in 1713. In the next year, he was admitted to the 3rd Foot Guards and was promoted to captain in 1714. He served as 2nd major of his regiment from 1722 and as 1st major from 1725, having been advanced to the rank of brevet colonel two years before. In 1734, St Clair was appointed to the command of the 22nd Regiment of Foot and three years later he was transferred to the colonelship of the Royal Regiment of Foot (later renamed as 1st (Royal) Regiment of Foot), which he held until his death. He rose to brigadier general in 1739 and already after another two years to major general. St Clair became lieutenant-general in charge of the British forces in

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in June 1745 and in the following year, he was sent with six thousand men to attack

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. Because of delays, he sailed instead to capture the Breton port of Lorient. He destroyed the French fortifications near Quiberon and then returned to England. In 1761, St Clair was finally advanced to the rank of full general.

Political career

St Clair entered the

British House of Commons The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the upper house, the House of Lords, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. The House of Commons is an elected body consisting of 650 memb ...

in 1722, sitting for Dysart Burghs until 1734. Two years later, he was elected for

Sutherland Sutherland () is a Counties of Scotland, historic county, registration county and lieutenancy areas of Scotland, lieutenancy area in the Scottish Highlands, Highlands of Scotland. The name dates from the Scandinavian Scotland, Viking era when t ...

, which constituency he represented until 1747, when he was again returned for Dysart. He held the latter seat until 1754 and became then member of Parliament for

Fife Fife ( , ; ; ) is a council areas of Scotland, council area and lieutenancy areas of Scotland, lieutenancy area in Scotland. A peninsula, it is bordered by the Firth of Tay to the north, the North Sea to the east, the Firth of Forth to the s ...

until 1762. St Clair travelled as envoy to the courts of

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and

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in 1748 and later acted as governor of Cork.

Personal life

In 1735, St Clair bought Rosslyn Castle, which was later inherited by the male heirs of his sisters. On the death of his older brother John St Clair in 1750, he succeeded

de jure In law and government, ''de jure'' (; ; ) describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with '' de facto'' ('from fa ...

as Lord Sinclair, but never assumed the title, preferring to retain his seat in the Commons. Around 1745, he married Janet Dalrymple, the youngest daughter of Sir David Dalrymple, 1st Baronet and widow of Sir John Baird, 2nd Baronet. Their marriage was childless. St Clair died in Dysart in 1766 and was survived by his wife for four years. With his death the

lord Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power (social and political), power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the Peerage o ...

ship became dormant until 1782, when it reverted to Charles St Clair, a first cousin of James Sinclair, 7th Lord Sinclair.

Legacy

St. Clair, Minnesota is named after St. Clair.

References

External links

The History of Parliament: ST. CLAIR, Hon. James (1688-1762), of Sinclair, Fife and Balblair, Sutherland
{{DEFAULTSORT:Saint Clair, James 1688 births 1762 deaths Nobility from Fife British Army generals British Army personnel of the Seven Years' War British MPs 1722–1727 British MPs 1727–1734 British MPs 1734–1741 British MPs 1741–1747 British MPs 1747–1754 British MPs 1754–1761 British MPs 1761–1768 Cheshire Regiment officers Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Scottish constituencies Royal Scots officers Whig (British political party) MPs Politics of Fife Politics of Highland (council area) 18th-century Scottish military personnel