mathematics Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes methods, Mathematical theory, theories and theorems that are developed and Mathematical proof, proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself. There are many ar ...

, the James embedding is an embedding of a real, complex, or hyperbolic

projective space In mathematics, the concept of a projective space originated from the visual effect of perspective, where parallel lines seem to meet ''at infinity''. A projective space may thus be viewed as the extension of a Euclidean space, or, more generally ...

into a sphere, introduced by

Ioan James Ioan Mackenzie James FRS (23 May 1928 – 21 February 2025) was a British mathematician working in the field of topology, particularly in homotopy theory. Life and career James was born in Croydon, Surrey, England, and was educated at St Paul ...

References

Algebraic topology {{topology-stub