James Alexander Campbell Brown (1911–1965) was a

psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry. Psychiatrists are physicians who evaluate patients to determine whether their symptoms are the result of a physical illness, a combination of physical and mental ailments or strictly ...

who was born in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Career

He took a degree in

medicine Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for patients, managing the Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, ...

at the

University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh (, ; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in Post-nominal letters, post-nominals) is a Public university, public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Founded by the City of Edinburgh Council, town council under th ...

. He later traveled to mainland Europe where he studied in many countries. During the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...

, he was a

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in psychiatry in the Middle East. As well as practicing in the

army An army, ground force or land force is an armed force that fights primarily on land. In the broadest sense, it is the land-based military branch, service branch or armed service of a nation or country. It may also include aviation assets by ...

, he also gained experience in mental hospitals,

prisons A prison, also known as a jail, gaol, penitentiary, detention center, correction center, correctional facility, or remand center, is a facility where people are imprisoned under the authority of the state, usually as punishment for various cr ...

and selection boards. Later he became interested in the

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individual's adjustment to

society A society () is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. ...

. He joined a large industrial concern after the war, where he worked for seven years. Even though he learned in a

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which considered

mental illness A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, a mental health condition, or a psychiatric disability, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning. A mental disorder is ...

mainly as an individual and

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problem, he later regarded it basically as a

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one. He took the view that the mental

conflicts Conflict may refer to: Social sciences * Conflict (process), the general pattern of groups dealing with disparate ideas * Conflict continuum from cooperation (low intensity), to contest, to higher intensity (violence and war) * Conflict of ...

of the neurotic are in large part induced by the sick society in which he or she lives. Thus, he felt that the

efficiency Efficiency is the often measurable ability to avoid making mistakes or wasting materials, energy, efforts, money, and time while performing a task. In a more general sense, it is the ability to do things well, successfully, and without waste. ...

of industry cannot be weighed solely in terms of the amount

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it produces or its

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profits, but also considering at what cost of

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and

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the goods were produced. He expressed this view in his work ''The Social Psychology of Industry'' (1954).

Works

* ''The Social Psychology of Industry.'' Pelican Books, vol. no. 296. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth (Middlesex) 1954. https://doi.org/10.1037/14347-000 * ''Techniques of Persuasion. From propaganda to brainwashing.'' Pelican Books, vol. no. 604. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth (Middlesex) 1963. 325 p. * ''The Distressed Mind.'' The thinker's library, vol. no. 115. Watts & Co., London 1946. 154 p. * ''The Evolution of Society.'' The thinker's library, vol. no. 122. Watts & Co., London 1947. 184 p. * ''Freud and the Post-Freudians.'' Pelican Books. Penguin Books, Harmondsworth (Middlesex) 1961. 225 p.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Brown, James Alexander Campbell 1911 births 1964 deaths Scottish psychiatrists Alumni of the University of Edinburgh 20th-century Scottish medical doctors