Jam Salahuddin II's Second Invasion of Samanagar () happened in November 1521 A.D. (end of 927 A.H.). The

Samma dynasty The Sammā dynasty () was a medieval Sindhi dynasty which ruled the Sindh Sultanate from 1351 before being replaced by the Arghun dynasty in 1524. The Samma dynasty has left its mark in Sindh with structures including the necropolis of and ...

of Sindh reached a critical juncture as Jam Salahuddin II, supported by Gujarati troops,

Sodha Sodha () is a Rajput clan residing in India and Pakistan. They are an off-shoot of the Parmar Rajputs and claims Agnivanshi descent. History They are off-shoot of Parmara Rajputs, who once controlled regions of Malwa and later North-West p ...

s, Jareja Sammas, Sahta Sammas, and Khangars launched a campaign against

Jam Feroz Nasir al-Din Abu al-Fatah Firuz Shah II ( Sindhi: نصيرالدين ابو الفتح فيروز شاھ ثاني), commonly known as Jam Feroz (1508–1524/5), was the last ruler of the Samma dynasty of Sindh. Jam Feroz proved to be a weak ruler ...

. The conquest of Samanagar secured Jam Salahuddin's dominance, with

's reliance on

Arghun Arghun Khan ( Mongolian Cyrillic: Аргун; Traditional Mongolian: ; c. 1258 – 10 March 1291) was the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division, from 1284 to 1291. He was the son of Abaqa Khan, and like his father, was a de ...

support further diminishing his credibility among Sindhis.

Background

In January–February 1521,

Shah Beg Arghun Shah Shuja Beg Arghun ( Sindhi: شاہ شجاع بیگ ارغون, c. 1465 – 1524) was the first Arghun ruler of Sindh as he overcame and defeated Jam Feroz, the last ruler of the Samma dynasty, in 1520. He served as the 17th Sultan of Sindh. ...

moved his camp from Samanagar. Following defeat at the

Battle of Fatehpur (1519) The Second Battle of Thatta ('' Sindhi'': ٺٽي جي ٻي جنگ) was a key episode in the dissolution of the Samma dynasty of Sindh and its replacement by the Arghun dynasty in 1520. Prelude In 1517 A.D. (923 A.H.), Babur undertook his second ...

, Jam Feroz came to submit, and his submission was accepted. Sindh was divided: the southern part, south of Laki, was given to Jam Feroz as Shah Beg Arghun's governor and

protégé Mentorship is the patronage, influence, guidance, or direction given by a mentor. A mentor is someone who teaches or gives help and advice to a less experienced and often younger person. In an organizational setting, a mentor influences the perso ...

, while Northern Sindh's two sarkars

Bukkur Bukkur, Bakhar or Bhakkar is a historical city and an Island fort situated between Rohri and Sukkur in the Sindh province of Pakistan. Bhakkar is also known as "Old Sukkur". Features The island is a limestone rock, oval in shape, long by wi ...

and

Sehwan Sehwan (; ; also commonly referred to as Sehwan Sharif or ''Noble Sehwan'') is a historic city located in Jamshoro District of Sindh province in Pakistan situated on the west bank of the Indus River north-west of Hyderabad. The city is renowned ...

were annexed and placed under Shah Beg's direct control. As a protégé, Feroz agreed to share part of the land revenue with Shah Beg Arghun. This subservience led to Feroz losing respect and prestige among his people. After spending three days at Taltí, Shah Beg Arghun returned to Shál and Siwí, while Jam Feroz resumed his rule over Samanagar. However, in November 1521 A.D. (end of 927 A.H.), Jam Salahuddin, took advantage of the weakening situation in Sindh and invaded Samanagar with a large army.

Conquest

The Jareja Samma chief Khengar occupied Rahimki Bazar and Virawah, two critical border posts in southern

Sindh Sindh ( ; ; , ; abbr. SD, historically romanized as Sind (caliphal province), Sind or Scinde) is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Geography of Pakistan, southeastern region of the country, Sindh is t ...

. This action was a direct response to Jam Feroz II's earlier support for 'Rawal, Khengar's adversary in Cutch. The strategic occupation was intended to block any assistance from

Jam Rawal Jam Rawal Lakh (1480–1562), was a Jadeja Rajput ruler, who ruled Cutch State, Kutch State from 1524 to 1548 and later was founder-ruler of Nawanagar State from 1540 to 1562. Ruler of Kutch Jam Raval was son of Jam Lakhoji, the chief of Tera, ...

to Jam Feroz II. Along with this assistance he also provided Cutchi Troops. In Samanagar, faced with Salahuddin's formidable forces, Jam Feroz II and his regent, Kasim Kabaka Arghun, abandoned their position and fled to Sivistan (Siwi). Jam Salahuddin's army subsequently clashed with Daulatshah and the Nargahi Mongol tribes, who had been recruited by Jam Feroz II to bolster his defence. The battle decisively favoured Salahuddin, who emerged victorious and consolidated his control over lower

. Following his victory, Salahuddin annexed the Sarkars previously under Feroz II’s control, which included: *Chachkan Sarkar (11 Mahals): Chachkan, Jun, Fateh Bagh *Nasarpur Sarkar (7 Mahals): Nasarpur,

Amarkot Umerkot (Urdu: ; Dhatki language, Dhatki : عمرڪوٽ; Sindhi language, Sindhi: عمرڪوٽ; International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA: Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu, �mərkoːʈ formerly known as Amarkot) is a city in the Sindh province of Pakista ...

, Hala Kandi, Samma-vali *Chakar Hala Sarkar (8 Mahals): Chakar Hala, Ghazipur *Thatta Sarkar (18 Mahals):

Thatta Thatta is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh. Thatta was the medieval capital of Sindh, and served as the seat of power for three successive dynasties. Its construction was ordered by Jam Nizamuddin II in 1495. Thatta's historic signif ...

Lahari Bandar Lahari Bandar, also called Lahori Bandar or Lari Bandar, was a historical port city in southern Sindh. From the early 1300s until the late 1600s, it was the main port in Sindh and one of the main ports in western India. Names According to Haig (1 ...

, Bathoro, Bahrampur, Sakro

Aftermath

This action of Jam Salahuddin II led to the Battle of Chelhar, where he and his son

Jam Haibat Khan Jam Haibat Khan bin Salahuddin Shah ( Sindhi: ڄام هيبت خان بن صلاح الدين شاهه) was a prince of the Samma dynasty, and the son of Sultan Jam Salahuddin Shah II, also known as Malik Raj Bal. He was captured during the Batt ...

were martyred.

References

{{Reflist History of Sindh * Samma dynasty Military history of Sindh