Jalandhar district is a district in

Doaba Doaba, also known as Bist Doab or the Jalandhar Doab, is the region of Punjab, India that lies between the Beas River and the Sutlej River. People of this region are given the demonym "Doabia". The dialect of Punjabi spoken in Doaba ...

region of the state of

Punjab Punjab (; ; also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb) is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern Pakistan and no ...

, India. The district headquarters is the city of

Jalandhar Jalandhar () is a city in the state of Punjab, India, Punjab in India. With a considerable population, it ranks as the List of cities in Punjab and Chandigarh by population, third most-populous city in the state and is the largest city in the ...

. Before the

Partition of India The partition of India in 1947 was the division of British India into two independent dominion states, the Dominion of India, Union of India and Dominion of Pakistan. The Union of India is today the Republic of India, and the Dominion of Paki ...

, Jalandhar was also the headquarters of the Jalandhar Division, with constituent districts Jalandhar,

Hoshiarpur Hoshiarpur () is a city and a Municipal corporations in India, municipal corporation in Hoshiarpur district in the Doaba region of the Indian state of Punjab, India, Punjab. It was founded, according to tradition, during the early part of the ...

Ludhiana Ludhiana () is the most populous Cities in India, city in the Indian state of Punjab, India, Punjab.164.100.161.224 http://164.100.161.224 › filesPDF Ludhiana State: Punjab Business & Industrial Centre, Tier 2 1 ... The city has an estima ...

Ferozepur Firozpur, (pronunciation: ɪroːzpʊr also known as Ferozepur, is a city on the banks of the Sutlej River in the Firozpur District of Punjab, India. After the Partition of India in 1947, it became a border town on the India–Pakistan bor ...

and Kangra. The entire Jalandhar Division was awarded to India when Punjab was partitioned.

History

Classical

Parmar Parmar may refer to: * Parmar (clan) * Parmar (surname), an Indian surname See also * Panwar (disambiguation) * Parihar (disambiguation) * Pawar (disambiguation) *Paramara dynasty The Paramara Dynasty (IAST: Paramāra) was an Indian dynasty ...

Rajput Rājpūt (, from Sanskrit ''rājaputra'' meaning "son of a king"), also called Thākur (), is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating fro ...

s established ancient city of Jalandhar in the 7th century, which is presently known as Jalandhar district. The City consistently had to deter invasion, which were endeavours of invaders. Jalandhar was the site of the

Katoch Katoch is a Chandravanshi Rajput clan. Their areas of residence are mainly in the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Uttarakhand, and the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Traditionally resided in Kangra Fort, Trigarta King ...

kingdom of Jalandhara, also known as Trigartta. The date of its founding is unclear, but its presence is observed by the Chinese pilgrim

Xuanzang Xuanzang (; ; 6 April 6025 February 664), born Chen Hui or Chen Yi (), also known by his Sanskrit Dharma name Mokṣadeva, was a 7th-century Chinese Bhikkhu, Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, and translator. He is known for the epoch-making ...

in the seventh century, and

Kalhana Kalhana (c. 12th century) was the author of '' Rajatarangini'' (''River of Kings''), an account of the history of Kashmir. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. All information regarding his life has to be deduced from his own wri ...

records the defeat of Prithvi Chandra Raja of Trigartta by Sankara Varmma of Kashmir towards the end of the ninth century.Government of Punjab, Punjab District Gazetteers, Volume XIV A. Jullundur District, with maps, 1904, Lahore, Civil and Military Gazette Press, 1908

Medieval

Jalandhar became part of the

Persianate A Persianate society is a society that is based on or strongly influenced by the Persian language, culture, literature, art and/or identity. The term "Persianate" is a neologism credited to Marshall Hodgson. In his 1974 book, ''The Venture of I ...

Ghaznavid Empire The Ghaznavid dynasty ( ''Ġaznaviyān'') was a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Turkic peoples, Turkic ''mamluk'' origin. It ruled the Ghaznavid Empire or the Empire of Ghazni from 977 to 1186, which at its greatest extent, extended from the Oxus ...

during the reign of Ibrahim Shah sometime between 1058 and 1098, and by 1240, it was a fief of the

Delhi Sultanate The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a Medieval India, late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for more than three centuries.

. In 1298, an army led by

Ulugh Khan Almas Beg (died 1302), better known by his title Ulugh Khan, was a brother and a general of the Delhi Sultanate ruler Alauddin Khalji. He held the iqta' of Bayana in present-day India. Ulugh Khan played an important role in Alauddin's ascensi ...

and Zafar Khan defeated in battle, and forced the retreat of invading

Mongols Mongols are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, China ( Inner Mongolia and other 11 autonomous territories), as well as the republics of Buryatia and Kalmykia in Russia. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family o ...

of the

Chagatai Khanate The Chagatai Khanate, also known as the Chagatai Ulus, was a Mongol and later Turkification, Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan, and his descendants and successors. At its height in the l ...

. The sack and plunder of Delhi by

Timur Timur, also known as Tamerlane (1320s17/18 February 1405), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire in and around modern-day Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia, becoming the first ruler of the Timurid dynasty. An undefeat ...

in 1398 gravely weakened the Delhi Sultanate and ushered in a period of lawlessness in the country. In 1416, the governor of Jalandhar, Malik Tughan assassinated the governor of Sirhind, and later rebelled against

Khizr Khan Khizr Khan (reigned 28 May 1414 – 20 May 1421) was the founder of the Sayyid dynasty, the fourth ruling dynasty of the Delhi sultanate, in northern India soon after the invasion of Timur and the fall of the Tughlaq dynasty. Khizr Khan was Go ...

, before being defeated. In the following years

Jasrath Khokhar Jasrat Khan ( – ), also known as Jasrath, was a 15th-century Punjabi Muslim chieftain who ruled parts of Punjab from 1410 until his death in 1442. He had his capital at Sialkot. A son of Shaikha, Jasrat fought against Tamerlane during his in ...

led a series of raids across Jalandhar as he challenged the authority of the Sultan. In 1441, Jalandhar came under the authority of

Bahlol Lodi Bahlul Khan Lodi (; died 12 July 1489) was the chief of the Afghan Lodi tribe. He was the founder of the Lodi dynasty from the Delhi Sultanate, upon the abdication of the last claimant from the previous Sayyid rule. Bahlul became Sultan of the ...

who was appointed governor of Lahore province. Lodi made peace with Jasrath, rebelled and in 1450 became sovereign of Delhi.

Early modern

Mughal

When Babur invaded northern India in 1524 he granted the jagir of Jalandhar to

Daulat Khan Lodi Daulat Khan Lodi ( Persian: دولت خان لودی) was the governor of Lahore during the reign of Sikandar Khan and Ibrahim Lodi, the last rulers of the Lodi dynasty. Due to disaffection with Ibrahim, Daulat invited Babur to invade the emp ...

at whose instigation he had come. The following year Lodi revolted and was defeated by Babur. In 1540, Babur's son

Humayun Nasir al-Din Muhammad (6 March 1508 – 27 January 1556), commonly known by his regnal name Humayun (), was the second Mughal emperor, who ruled over territory in what is now Eastern Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Northern India, and Pakistan from ...

was expelled by

Sher Shah Suri Sher Shah Suri (born Farid al-Din Khan; 1472 or 1486 – 22 May 1545), also known by his title Sultan Adil (), was the ruler of Bihar from 1530 to 1540, and Sultan of Hindustan from 1540 until his death in 1545. He defeated the Mughal Empire, ...

and Jalandhar became part of the

Sur Empire The Sur Empire was an empire ruled by the Afghan (ethnonym), Afghan-origin Sur dynasty in North India, northern India for nearly 16 or 18 years, between 1538/1540 and 1556, with Sasaram (in modern-day Bihar) serving as its capital. It was fou ...

. On Humayun's return in 1555, Jalandhar was occupied by his general

Bairam Khan Muhammad Bairam Khan (; 18 January 1501 – 31 January 1561), commonly known as Bairam Khan or Bayram Khan was an important military commander, and later commander-in-chief of the Mughal Empire, Mughal army, a powerful statesman and regent at ...

and later

Akbar Akbar (Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar, – ), popularly known as Akbar the Great, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. Akbar succeeded his father, Humayun, under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped the young emperor expa ...

. While Akbar had moved east to fight

Hemu Hemu (; 1501 – 5 November 1556), also known as Hemu Vikramaditya and Hemchandra Vikramaditya, was an Indian king (maharaja) who previously served as a general and Vizier, Wazir of Muhammad Adil Shah (died 1557), Adil Shah Suri of the Sur Emp ...

, Sikandar Suri defeated Khizr Khan, governor of Lahore, at Chamiari in the north of the district. On Akbar's return to Jalandhar, Mughal hegemony was re-established. With the regaining of

lot of Muslim tribes such as Baloch, Syed and

Arain Arain (also known as Raeen) are a large Punjabi Muslim agricultural community with a strong political identity and level of organisation. At the beginning of the last century, they numbered around 1 million and were mainly rural cultivator ...

(the descendants of Arab invaders accompanied with

Muhammad Bin Qasim Muḥammad ibn al-Qāsim al-Thaqafī (; –) was an Arabs, Arab military commander in service of the Umayyad Caliphate who led the Muslim conquest of Sindh (and Punjab, part of ancient Sindh), inaugurating the Umayyad campaigns in India. His m ...

were settled in

Sindh Sindh ( ; ; , ; abbr. SD, historically romanized as Sind (caliphal province), Sind or Scinde) is a Administrative units of Pakistan, province of Pakistan. Located in the Geography of Pakistan, southeastern region of the country, Sindh is t ...

and

Balochistan Balochistan ( ; , ), also spelled as Baluchistan or Baluchestan, is a historical region in West and South Asia, located in the Iranian plateau's far southeast and bordering the Indian Plate and the Arabian Sea coastline. This arid region o ...

fetch up in Jalandhar Doaba region. During Akbar's reign, the city of Jalandhar became one of his mint cities. In 1594, the town of Kartarpur was founded by

Guru Arjan Guru Arjan (Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਅਰਜਨ, pronunciation: ; 15 April 1563 – 30 May 1606) was the fifth of the ten total Sikh Gurus. He compiled the first official edition of the Sikh scripture called the Adi Granth, which later expande ...

on land granted by Akbar. The reigns of

Jahangir Nur-ud-din Muhammad Salim (31 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), known by his imperial name Jahangir (; ), was List of emperors of the Mughal Empire, Emperor of Hindustan from 1605 until his death in 1627, and the fourth Mughal emperors, Mughal ...

and

Shah Jahan Shah Jahan I, (Shahab-ud-Din Muhammad Khurram; 5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), also called Shah Jahan the Magnificent, was the Emperor of Hindustan from 1628 until his deposition in 1658. As the fifth Mughal emperor, his reign marked the ...

saw significant improvements to the region's infrastructure, and many villages were founded. The town of

Phillaur Phillaur is a town and a municipal council as well as a tehsil in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. The city is situated 20 km from Ludhiana, 45 km from Jalandhar and 140 km from Amritsar. It is situated on the border of the Doa ...

dates from this period, when it was selected for one of the serais on the Delhi to Lahore road, while the town of

Nurmahal NurMahal or Noor Mahal is a city and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. It is a small city located between Nakodar - Phillaur Road in Punjab. This town is also connected with the nearby towns of Phillaur an ...

was re-established by Jahangir's consort

Nur Jahan Nur Jahan (; 31 May 1577 – 18 December 1645), born Mehr-un-Nissa was the twentieth wife and chief consort of the Mughal emperor Jahangir. More decisive and proactive than her husband, Nur Jahan is considered by certain historians to have be ...

, who is believed to have been raised there. Mughal administrative authority in Jalandhar lasted into the reign of

Muhammad Shah Mirza Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah (born Roshan Akhtar; 7 August 1702 – 26 April 1748) was the thirteenth Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748. He was son of Khujista Akhtar, the fourth son of Bahadur Shah I. After being chosen by the Sayyid ...

, evidenced by the significant number of land grants in the district issued by the Emperor.

Durrani

Nader Shah's invasion of India In May 1738, Nader Shah, the ruler of Iran (1736–1747) and the founder of the Afsharid dynasty, invaded Northern India, eventually attacking Delhi in March 1739. His army easily defeated the Mughals at the Battle of Karnal and then occupi ...

, culminating in the sack of Delhi in 1739, effectively ended Mughal imperial power. During his fourth invasion, Nurmahal was plundered and its inhabitants slaughtered. In 1756, Adina Beg,

(descendants of Arab invaders accompanied with

via Sindh later in 15th century) settled in Jalandhar, assisted militarily by

Jassa Singh Ramgarhia Jassa Singh Ramgarhia (1723–1803) was a prominent Sikh leader during the period of the Sikh Confederacy. He was the founder of the Ramgarhia Misl. Early life Jassa Singh Ramgarhia was born into a Sikh family in 1723. According to W. H. McLe ...

, defeated Sarbuland Khan, the Afghan general and captured Jalandhar. In 1758, the Mahrattas, at the instigation of Adina Beg, invaded the Punjab, defeating the Afghans, and installing Adina Beg as governor of the entire province. Adina Beg died in 1759, and in 1761 the Afghans returned, taking control of the Punjab, and driving out the Mahrattas.

Sikh

The death of Adina Beg coincided with the start of increasing Sikh influence in Jalandhar, with many

sardar Sardar, also spelled as Sardaar (, , 'commander', literally 'headmaster'), is a title of royal family, royalty and nobility that was originally used to denote princes, noblemen, chiefs, kings and other Aristocracy (class), aristocrats. It ha ...

s dating the acquisition of their estates from 1759. The

Dallewalia Misl The Dallewalia Sikh Confederacy, misl was founded by Sardar Gulab Singh a Khatri Sikh as a Jatha but later Succeeded by a Jat Sikh, Jatt Sikh Sardar Tara Singh Ghaiba of Kang Clan Tara Singh made the Jatha into a powerful Misl in the 18th centu ...

, one of twelve

Sikh Misl The Sikh Confederacy was a confederation of twelve sovereign Sikh states (each known as a Misl, derived from the Arabic word مِثْل meaning 'equal'; sometimes spelt as Misal) which rose during the 18th century in the Punjab region in the n ...

s that came to dominate the Punjab during this period originated in the southern extremities of the district. In 1766 the Faizullapuria Misl of

Khushal Singh Khushal Singh may refer to: * Khushal Singh Singhpuria, the second chief of Singhpuria Misl from 1753 to 1795 * Khushal Singh Jamadar, a military officer and Chamberlain of the Sikh Empire * Khushal Singh, thakur of Awa, Rajasthan and active durin ...

captured the town of Jalandhar and thereafter entrenched their power in the district.Sir William Wilson Hunter, The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Trübner & Company, 1885, p.85 In 1811,

Ranjit Singh Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839) was the founder and first maharaja of the Sikh Empire, in the northwest Indian subcontinent, ruling from 1801 until his death in 1839. Born to Maha Singh, the leader of the Sukerchakia M ...

despatched

Dewan Mokham Chand Diwan Mokham Chand (died 16 or 29 October 1814) was one of the chief commanders of the Sikh Empire. He conquered Attock from the Durrani Afghans in 1813 and subdued the Rajputs in the Hills of Himachal and in Jammu at Jasrota, Chamba, and ...

to annexe Faizullapuria dominions in

. By August that year, Budh Singh, son of Khushal Singh, had fled and Jalandhar came under the control of Lahore and part of the

Sikh Empire The Sikh Empire was a regional power based in the Punjab, Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent. It existed from 1799, when Maharaja Ranjit Singh captured Lahore, to 1849, when it was defeated and conquered by the East India Company, Br ...

. The petty sardars of the district were gradually ousted from their estates, and were replaced by the direct management of the Sikh governors.

Modern

British

During both the

First Anglo-Sikh War The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company in 1845 and 1846 around the Firozpur district of Punjab. It resulted in the defeat and partial subjugation of the Sikh empire and cession of Jammu ...

and

Second Anglo-Sikh War The Second Anglo-Sikh War was a military conflict between the Sikh Empire and the East India Company which took place from 1848 to 1849. It resulted in the fall of the Sikh Empire, and the annexation of the Punjab region, Punjab and what sub ...

no significant battle took place in Jalandhar. Following the British victory in 1846, Jalandhar was ceded to the

East India Company The East India Company (EIC) was an English, and later British, joint-stock company that was founded in 1600 and dissolved in 1874. It was formed to Indian Ocean trade, trade in the Indian Ocean region, initially with the East Indies (South A ...

becoming part of the Trans Sutlej States. When the

Indian Rebellion of 1857 The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India in 1857–58 against Company rule in India, the rule of the East India Company, British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the The Crown, British ...

began, Jalandhar was strategically important as a main line of communication between the Punjab and Delhi. Incidents of mutiny originated in Jalandhar and Phillaur cantonments, however they were suppressed by the 8th Foot who in turn were strengthened by troops provided by

Randhir Singh of Kapurthala Sir Randhir Singh Sahib Bahadur (26 March 1831 – 2 April 1870) was the ruling Raja of the princely state of Kapurthala in the British Empire of India from 1852 until his death in 1870. Biography Randhir Singh Sahib Bahadur succeeded his f ...

, John Nicholson's moveable column and the Tiwana horse under Sher Muhammad Khan. In 1858, Jalandhar became part of the

British Raj The British Raj ( ; from Hindustani language, Hindustani , 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the colonial rule of the British The Crown, Crown on the Indian subcontinent, * * lasting from 1858 to 1947. * * It is also called Crown rule ...

and in 1863 became administratively part of Punjab province. The first case of the plague in the Punjab was reported in the village of Khatkar Kalan in 1897.

Partition

In early 1947, communal tensions heightened in Jalandhar and across the Punjab.J. S. Grewal, The Sikhs of the Punjab, Volumes 2-3, Cambridge University Press, 1998 In March riots occurred in the district following speeches made by

Congress A congress is a formal meeting of the representatives of different countries, constituent states, organizations, trade unions, political parties, or other groups. The term originated in Late Middle English to denote an encounter (meeting of ...

and Sikh leaders at Lahore. In June 1947, the

Indian Independence Act 1947 The Indian Independence Act 1947 ( 10 & 11 Geo. 6. c. 30) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent dominions of India and Pakistan. The Act received Royal Assent on 18 July 194 ...

stipulated the partition of the Punjab, and on 17 August the

Radcliffe Line The Radcliffe Line was the boundary demarcated by the two boundary commissions for the provinces of Punjab Province (British India), Punjab and Bengal Presidency, Bengal during the Partition of India. It is named after Cyril Radcliffe, 1st Visco ...

was announced, placing Jalandhar in the new Dominion of India. As Jalandhar had a Muslim plurality at the time (45.23 per cent per the 1941 census) it led to significant demographic change in the district, with the Muslim population becoming refugees in Pakistan, and an influx of Hindus and Sikhs arriving having abandoned their homes in the new Pakistan.

Administration

The district is divided into five

tehsil A tehsil (, also known as tahsil, taluk, or taluka () is a local unit of administrative division in India and Pakistan. It is a subdistrict of the area within a Zila (country subdivision), district including the designated populated place that ser ...

s: *Jalandhar-I, Jalandhar-II,

Nakodar Nakodar is a town and a municipal council in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab (India), Punjab. The city is almost 365 km from Delhi, 25 km from Jalandhar, 49 km from Ludhiana, and about 101 km from Amritsar. S ...

, and Shahkot In addition there are a further five sub-tehsils: *

Adampur Adampur is a town, a municipal council and a sub-tehsil in Jalandhar district in the Indian state of Punjab. The town was named after the Mughal general Adham Khan. Geography Adampur Doaba is located at . It has an average elevation of 233&nbs ...

, Bhogpur, Goraya, Kartarpur, and

Constituencies

Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency Jalandhar Lok Sabha constituency (formerly known as Jullundur Lok Sabha constituency) is one of the 13 Lok Sabha constituencies in Punjab state in northern India. Assembly segments Presently, after delimitation, this constituency comprises th ...

is one of the 13

Lok Sabha The Lok Sabha, also known as the House of the People, is the lower house of Parliament of India which is Bicameralism, bicameral, where the upper house is Rajya Sabha. Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha, Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by a ...

constituencies in Punjab. There are also nine Punjab Vidhan Sabha constituencies located in the district: *

, Jalandhar Cantt, Jalandhar Central, Jalandhar North, Jalandhar West, Kartarpur,

, and Shahkot

MLA

Villages

* Abadan, Jalandhar * Achan Chak * Adagil * Addhi Khuyi * Ade Kali * Adhi, Jalandhar * Adraman * Aemakazi * Aidalpur * Ajtani * Akalpur * Akbarpur Kalan * Akbarpur Khurd * Akhara, Bhogpur * Akuwal * Aladinpur * Alamgir, Bhogpur * Alampur, Jalandhar * Alewali * Ali Chak * Ali Khel, Jalandhar * Alipur-1 * Alipur-2 * Aliwal, Jalandhar * Allowal * Ambgarh * Ambia Tohva * Angi Kiri * Anihar *

Apra, Punjab Apra, also known as The Golden City Apra, is a census town in Phillaur Tehsil in Jalandhar List of districts of India, district of Punjab, India, Punjab States and territories of India, State, India. The town is known for gold jewelry and Paddy ...

* Arjanwal * Ashahoor * Ashaur * Athola *

Atta, Jalandhar Atta is a village in Phillaur tehsil of Jalandhar District of Punjab State, India. It is situated on national highway 1 and located 2.2 km away from Goraya, 18 km from Phillaur, 45.8 km from Jalandhar, and 112 km from stat ...

Atti, Jalandhar Atti is a village in Phillaur tehsil of Jalandhar District of Punjab State, India. It is located 2 km away from national highway 1 and 3.5 km away from postal head office Bara Pind. The village is 7 km away from Goraya, 12&nbs ...

* Aujla * Aujla Dhak * Aulakh, Nakodar * Awan Chaharmi * Awan Khalsa * Baloki * Chachowal * Chananpur * Chandpur * Chuhan * Chukhiara * Damudarpur * Dhandaur * Dhandauri * Dhandwar * Dhepur *

Diwali Diwali (), also called Deepavali (IAST: ''Dīpāvalī'') or Deepawali (IAST: ''Dīpāwalī''), is the Hindu festival of lights, with variations celebrated in other Indian religions such as Jainism and Sikhism. It symbolises the spiritual v ...

* Ghurial * Goalpind * Hardo Pharala * Hazara * Isharwal * Jago Sangha * Jalbhe * Kandola *

Kandola Khurd Kandola Khurd is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located 10.4 km away from Nurmahal, 14 km from Phillaur, 35.4 km from district headquarter Jalandhar and 124 km from state capital Chandigarh. The ...

* Kapur Pind * Kathar * Khojpur * Kot Kalan *

Kotli Jamiat Singh Kotli Jamiat Singh is a village in Jalandhar district of Punjab State, India. It is located from district headquarter Jalandhar and from state capital Chandigarh. The village is administrated by a sarpanch who is an elected representative of ...

* Kotli Sheikhan * Lesariwala * Mander * Mianwal Araian *

Nagra Nagra is a brand of portable audio recorders produced from 1951 in Switzerland. Beginning in 1997 a range of high-end equipment aimed at the audiophile community was introduced, and Nagra expanded the company's product lines into new markets. O ...

* Nawan Qila * Partappura * Sagarpur * Salaich * Sanoura * Sarnana * Satowali * Sattowali * Sitalpur * Sundar Tatar

Demographics

According to the 2011 census Jalandhar district has a

population Population is a set of humans or other organisms in a given region or area. Governments conduct a census to quantify the resident population size within a given jurisdiction. The term is also applied to non-human animals, microorganisms, and pl ...

of 21,93,590 roughly equal to the nation of

Latvia Latvia, officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south. It borders Russia to the east and Belarus to t ...

or the US state of

New Mexico New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern United States, Southwestern region of the United States. It is one of the Mountain States of the southern Rocky Mountains, sharing the Four Corners region with Utah, Colorado, and Arizona. It also ...

. This gives it a ranking of 208th in India (out of a total of

640 Year 640 ( DCXL) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 640 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming y ...

). The district has a population density of . Its

population growth rate Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group. The global population has grown from 1 billion in 1800 to 8.2 billion in 2025. Actual global human population growth amounts to around 70 million annu ...

over the decade 2001-2011 was 11.16%. Jalandhar has a

sex ratio A sex ratio is the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. However, many species deviate from an even sex ratio, ei ...

of 913

females An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell) during sexual reproduction. A female has larger gametes than a male. Females and male ...

for every 1000 males, and a

literacy rate Literacy is the ability to read and write, while illiteracy refers to an inability to read and write. Some researchers suggest that the study of "literacy" as a concept can be divided into two periods: the period before 1950, when literacy was ...

of 91.4%. Scheduled Castes made up 38.95% of the population.

Gender

The table below shows the sex ratio of Jalandhar district through decades. The table below shows the child sex ratio of children below the age of 6 years in the rural and urban areas of Jalandhar district.

Religion

Hinduism is the majority religion. In rural areas, Hindus and Sikhs are in roughly equal proportions, but in urban areas, Hindus are predominant. The table below shows the population of different religions in absolute numbers in the urban and rural areas of Jalandhar district.

Language

At the time of the 2011 census, 88.15% of the population spoke Punjabi and 9.83%

Hindi Modern Standard Hindi (, ), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the Standard language, standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in the Devanagari script. It is an official language of India, official language of the Government ...

as their first language. Hindi is predominantly spoken in urban areas.

Health

The table below shows the data from the district nutrition profile of children below the age of 5 years, in Jalandhar, as of year 2020. The table below shows the district nutrition profile of Jalandhar of women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, as of year 2020. The table below shows the number of road accidents and people affected in Jalandhar district by year.

Economy

Jalandhar has a major sports items manufacturing industry. It produces around 90% of all sports items produced in

Notable people

* Hoon Balakram, a

mathematician A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems. Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, mathematical structure, structure, space, Mathematica ...

, civil servant and Bombay High Court judge * Prakash Chandra Sood, a

nuclear physicist Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter. Nuclear physics should not be confused with atomic physics, which studies the ...

and professor and receiver of Padam Shri * Harminder Dua, an Indian-British medical doctor and prominent researcher in the field of

ophthalmology Ophthalmology (, ) is the branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and surgery of eye diseases and disorders. An ophthalmologist is a physician who undergoes subspecialty training in medical and surgical eye care. Following a ...

, known for discovery of a previously unknown layer of the human cornea now called Dua's layer * Guru Prakash Dutta, a

cell biologist Cell biology (also cellular biology or cytology) is a branch of biology that studies the structure, function, and behavior of cells. All living organisms are made of cells. A cell is the basic unit of life that is responsible for the living an ...

and immunologist, known for his contributions to experimental protozoology and immunology * Satya Paul Agarwal, an

neurosurgeon Neurosurgery or neurological surgery, known in common parlance as brain surgery, is the medical specialty that focuses on the surgical treatment or rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, ...

, academician, public health administrator, secretary general of the

Indian Red Cross Society The Indian Red Cross Society (IRCS) is a voluntary humanitarian organization to protect human life and health based in India. It is part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and shares the Fundamental Principles of the Inte ...

and recipient of Padam Bhushan award * Satinder Singh, a 400-meter

hurdle A hurdle (UK English, limited US English) is a moveable section of light fence. In the United States, terms such as "panel", "pipe panel" or simply "fence section" are used to describe moveable sections of fencing intended for agricultural u ...

athlete * Fauja Singh, a British

marathon The marathon is a long-distance foot race with a distance of kilometres ( 26 mi 385 yd), usually run as a road race, but the distance can be covered on trail routes. The marathon can be completed by running or with a run/walk strategy. There ...

runner * Davinder Singh Kang, a

javelin throw The javelin throw is a track and field event where the javelin, a spear about in length, is thrown as far as possible. The javelin thrower gains momentum by running within a predetermined area. Javelin throwing is an event of both the men's de ...

athlete *

Diljit Dosanjh Diljit Dosanjh (born 6 January 1984) is an Indian singer, actor and film producer who works in Punjabi and Hindi cinema. Dosanjh entered the Social 50 chart by ''Billboard'' in 2020. He has been featured in various music charts, including ...

, a singer and actor * Achal Kumar Jyoti, a retired

IAS officer The Indian Administrative Service (IAS) is the administrative arm of the All India Services of Government of India. The IAS is one of the three All India Services along with the Indian Police Service (IPS) and the Indian Forest Service (IFS). ...

who served as 21st

Chief Election Commissioner of India The Chief Election Commissioner of India (CEC) heads the Election Commission of India, a body constitutionally empowered to conduct free and fair elections. An election commissioner is appointed by the President of India on the recommendatio ...

from 6 July 2017 to 23 January 2018 *

Dilbagh Singh Air Chief Marshal Dilbagh Singh, PVSM, AVSM, VM (10 March 1926 – 9 February 2001) was the head of the Indian Air Force from 1981 to 1984, as Chief of the Air Staff. He was the second Sikh to hold that position. Dilbagh Singh was commissio ...

, the head of the Indian Air Force from 1981 to 1984, as Chief of the Air Staff * Malkiat Singh (IPS) - Former DGP and Chairman UPPSC * Iqbal Preet Singh Sahota - Former DGP Punjab Police * Sukhjeet Singh - Indian

field hockey Field hockey (or simply referred to as hockey in some countries where ice hockey is not popular) is a team sport structured in standard hockey format, in which each team plays with 11 players in total, made up of 10 field players and a goalk ...

player *

Harbhajan Singh Harbhajan Singh (born 3 July 1980), also known by his nickname Bhajji, is a former Indian cricketer. He later became a politics, politician, serving as a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha, Member of Parliament in Rajya Sabha. He is also a fil ...

- Indian

Cricket Cricket is a Bat-and-ball games, bat-and-ball game played between two Sports team, teams of eleven players on a cricket field, field, at the centre of which is a cricket pitch, pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two Bail (cr ...

Player

References

List of Deputy Commissioner , Jalandhar Web Portal , India

External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Jalandhar District Districts of Punjab, India