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Jakub Šimon Jan Ryba (surname also Poisson, Peace, Ryballandini, Rybaville; 26 October 1765 – 8 April 1815) was a Czech teacher and 
/nowiki>''Jan Jakub Ryba, Educator of Our Nation'' /nowiki>''Jan Jakub Ryba, Life and Works'' /nowiki>''School Diaries by Jakub Jan Ryba'' /nowiki>''Jakub Jan Ryba About His Life With Music''
zivotopisyonline.czriebel.czpis.cz
* Parts of the ''Czech Christmas Mass''
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Ryba, Jakub Jan 1765 births 1815 deaths 1810s suicides 19th-century Czech male musicians Czech Classical-period composers Czech male classical composers Czech schoolteachers People from Přeštice People from Mníšek pod Brdy Suicides by sharp instrument in the Czech Republic
Jakub Šimon Jan Ryba (surname also Poisson, Peace, Ryballandini, Rybaville; 26 October 1765 – 8 April 1815) was a Czech teacher and composer
A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music.
Etymology and Defi ...
of classical music
Classical music generally refers to the art music of the Western world, considered to be distinct from Western folk music or popular music traditions. It is sometimes distinguished as Western classical music, as the term "classical music" also ...
. His most famous work is '' Czech Christmas Mass "Hey, Master!"'' (''Česká mše vánoční "Hej mistře!"'').
Ryba was born in Přeštice near Plzeň
Plzeň (; German and English: Pilsen, in German ) is a city in the Czech Republic. About west of Prague in western Bohemia, it is the Statutory city (Czech Republic), fourth most populous city in the Czech Republic with about 169,000 inhabita ...
. His father was a schoolteacher, which was a very poorly paid occupation at the time. In 1780 Ryba went to Prague, where he studied at the Piarist gymnasium. His teacher Cassianus Hanel
John Cassian, also known as John the Ascetic and John Cassian the Roman ( la, Ioannes Eremita Cassianus, ''Ioannus Cassianus'', or ''Ioannes Massiliensis''; – ), was a Christian monk and theologian celebrated in both the Western and Eastern ...
taught him music. Ryba was a very good student and he soon started to compose. He dreamt of being a famous composer. In 1784 his father ordered him to work as a teacher in Nepomuk. Ryba reluctantly obeyed, but he was soon fired. After wandering for a few months, he received a message that his mother had died. After a long illness, he moved to Mníšek pod Brdy
Mníšek pod Brdy () is a town in Prague-West District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 6,100 inhabitants. The town centre and Skalka area are well preserved and are protected by law as an urban monument zone.
Ge ...
. Being popular among local inhabitants for performing music, he was quite happy there, but after some hesitation he accepted a schoolteacher position in Rožmitál pod Třemšínem.
The school prospered under his superintendence, but he had constant conflicts with the local pastor and council. His frequent requests for funds for repairs of the school building were usually rejected. In 1796, he wrote his most famous work, '' Czech Christmas Mass "Hey, Master!"'' (named by him as ''Missa solemnis Festis Nativitatis D. J. Ch. accommodata in linguam bohemicum musicam''), also as a consequence of a reconciliation with the local pastor. This work continues to be frequently performed at Christmas time in Bohemia.
An insufferable lack of money, the hostility of his superiors and total exhaustion led him to commit suicide at Voltuš near Rožmitál pod Třemšínem. On April 8, 1815, Ryba attended morning mass. Later, he was found in a dense forest with his throat cut with a razor. He had ''Essay on Peace of Soul'' by Seneca the Younger, his favourite author, with him. He was buried at a plague cemetery near Rožmitál pod Tremšínem.
His works mainly include many pastorellas and masses, but few compositions beyond the ''Czech Christmas Mass'' are performed regularly today. This composition is popular in many countries.
Literature
* Jiří Berkovec: ''Jakub Jan Ryba'', Prague, 1995, * Václav Spěváček: ''Jakub Jan Ryba, vychovatel našeho lidu''autobiography
An autobiography, sometimes informally called an autobio, is a self-written account of one's own life.
It is a form of biography.
Definition
The word "autobiography" was first used deprecatingly by William Taylor in 1797 in the English peri ...
''Mein musikalischer Lebenslauf'' (in German) from 1801.
References
External links
(all texts are in Czech) * Short online biographieszivotopisyonline.cz
* Parts of the ''Czech Christmas Mass''
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Ryba, Jakub Jan 1765 births 1815 deaths 1810s suicides 19th-century Czech male musicians Czech Classical-period composers Czech male classical composers Czech schoolteachers People from Přeštice People from Mníšek pod Brdy Suicides by sharp instrument in the Czech Republic