Jacques Draparnaud
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Jacques Philippe Raymond Draparnaud (3 June 1772,
Montpellier Montpellier (; ) is a city in southern France near the Mediterranean Sea. One of the largest urban centres in the region of Occitania (administrative region), Occitania, Montpellier is the prefecture of the Departments of France, department of ...
– 2 February 1804) was a French
naturalist Natural history is a domain of inquiry involving organisms, including animals, fungi, and plants, in their natural environment, leaning more towards observational than experimental methods of study. A person who studies natural history is cal ...
,
malacologist Malacology, from Ancient Greek μαλακός (''malakós''), meaning "soft", and λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study", is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (molluscs or mollusks), the second-largest ...
and
botanist Botany, also called plant science, is the branch of natural science and biology studying plants, especially Plant anatomy, their anatomy, Plant taxonomy, taxonomy, and Plant ecology, ecology. A botanist or plant scientist is a scientist who s ...
. He is considered the father of
malacology Malacology, from Ancient Greek μαλακός (''malakós''), meaning "soft", and λόγος (''lógos''), meaning "study", is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (molluscs or mollusks), the second-largest ...
in France. He was professor of
medicine Medicine is the science and Praxis (process), practice of caring for patients, managing the Medical diagnosis, diagnosis, prognosis, Preventive medicine, prevention, therapy, treatment, Palliative care, palliation of their injury or disease, ...
and
pathology Pathology is the study of disease. The word ''pathology'' also refers to the study of disease in general, incorporating a wide range of biology research fields and medical practices. However, when used in the context of modern medical treatme ...
at the Faculté de Médecine de Montpellier. Draparnaud understood the breadth of the fauna he studied, as can be seen in a quote from him, in ''Histoire Naturelle des Mollusques'', published in 1805:
Au reste, quoique j'aie décrit pour la France seule un bien plus grand nombre d'espèces que Muller et Schroeter n'ent ont fait connoître pour l'Europe entière, et trois fois autant que Geoffroy et Poiret n'en ont observé dans les environs de Paris, je suis convaincu qu'il reste encore en ce genre bien des découvertes à faire.
Translation:
As for the remainder, even though I have described for France a greater number of species than
Müller Müller may refer to: Companies * Müller (company), a German multinational dairy company ** Müller Milk & Ingredients, a UK subsidiary of the German company * Müller (store), a German retail chain * GMD Müller, a Swiss aerial lift manufacturi ...
and Schroeter made known for the whole of Europe, and three times as many as Geoffroy and Poiret observed around Paris, still I am convinced that there remain many more discoveries of this kind to be made.


Taxa

Draparnaud named ("described") a large number of new
taxa In biology, a taxon (back-formation from ''taxonomy''; : taxa) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit. Although neither is required, a taxon is usually known by a particular name and ...
of
mollusc Mollusca is a phylum of protostome, protostomic invertebrate animals, whose members are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 76,000 extant taxon, extant species of molluscs are recognized, making it the second-largest animal phylum ...
s, including for example: * ''
Arion subfuscus ''Arion subfuscus'' is a species of land slug. It forms a species complex with '' Arion fuscus''. It is native to Eurasia, and has been introduced to eastern North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere, North ...
'' (Draparnaud, 1805), a land slug * '' Bulimulus lineatus'' (Draparnaud, 1805), a tropical land snail * ''
Myosotella myosotis ''Myosotella myosotis'', common name the mouse ear snail, is a European species of small salt marsh snail, a Terrestrial mollusc, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Ellobiidae. Description For terms see gastropod shell. The s ...
'' (Draparnaud, 1801), a saltmarsh snail In addition, many other taxa of molluscs were named by others in honour of him, including: * ''
Draparnaldia ''Draparnaldia'' is a genus of freshwater green algae in the family Chaetophoraceae. It forms branched chains of cells, termed filaments, surrounded by mucilage. It is a cosmopolitan distribution, cosmopolitan genus with wide distribution and it ...
'', a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of freshwater
green algae The green algae (: green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/ Streptophyta. The land plants ...
in the family
Chaetophoraceae Chaetophoraceae is a family (biology), family of green algae in the order Chaetophorales. Members of the family are variously semi-terrestrial to aquatic in habitat, and consist of branched filaments in two parts, a prostrate system of filaments ...
. * '' Draparnaldiopsis'', a
genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...
of green algae in the family Chaetophoraceae. * ''
Draparnaudiidae ''Draparnaudia'' is a genus of air-breathing land snails, Terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Partuloidea. ''Draparnaudia'' is the only genus in the family Draparnaudiidae. Both the family name an ...
'', a family of land snails * '' Draparnaudia'', a genus of land snails * ''
Oxychilus draparnaudi ''Oxychilus draparnaudi'', or Draparnaud's glass snail, is a species of small land snail, a Terrestrial molluscs, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Oxychilidae, the glass snails. Description ''Oxychilus draparnaudi'' is lar ...
'', a species of land snail


Works

*1794 (an II). Observations sur le ''Mantis oratoria''. ''Bulletin de la Société philomatique de Paris,'' III, p. 161. *1797 (an V). Note sur lAgaricus radiosus''. ''Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux,'' I, n° 8, 25 floréal an V, p. 145-149. *1797 (an V). Théorie de l'origine et de la formation des Egagropiles de mer. ''Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux'', I, n°2, 25 pluviose an V, p. 21-27. *1797 (an V). Observations sur lHelix algira''. ''Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux'', I, an V, p. 98. *1797 (an V). Réponse aux observations du citoyen Guérin sur la théorie des Egagropiles de mer. ''Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux,'' I, n° 10, 25 prairial an V, p. 173-180. *1799 (an VII). Observations sur le mouvement giratoire des molécules du Camphre. ''Journal de Santé et d'Histoire naturelle de Bordeaux'', III, an VII, p. 264. *1799 (an VII). ''Propositions générales et observations relatives à diverses branches de la médecine.'' Thèse soutenue le 12 germinal an VII. *1799 (an VII). ''Fragments de la physiologie végétale.'' Deuxième thèse soutenue le 1er messidor an VII. *1800 (an VIII). ''Aperçus de la philosophie médicale.'' Troisième thèse, soutenue le 22 messidor an VIII. *1800 (an VIII). Observations sur la ''Gioenia''. ''Bulletin de la Société philomatique de Paris,'' II, p. 113-114 ; Millin, ''Mag. encycl.,'' V, 5, 1800, p. 378-379 ; ''Journ. phys.,'' LVI, 1800, p. 146-147. *1801 (an IX). ''Fragments pour servir à l'Histoire des progrès en médecine dans l'Université de Montpellier.'' Quatrième thèse, soutenue le 18 ventôse an IX. *1801 (an IX). Observations sur la ''Bulla Hydatis''. Millin, ''Mag. Encycl.,'' VI, 1, p. 115-116. *1801 (an IX). Observations sur lAlcyonum domuncula''. ''Bulletin de la Société philomatique de Paris'', p. 167-170. *1801 (an IX). ''Dissertation sur l'utilité de l'Histoire naturelle dans la médecine, présentée à l'École de médecine de Montpellier.'' Montpellier, 61 p. *1801 (an IX). ''Discours relatif à l'Histoire naturelle de Montpellier''. Montpellier, 41 p. *1801 (an IX). ''Discours sur les avantages de l'Histoire naturelle, et discours sur les mœurs et la manière de vivre des plantes.'' Montpellier, 61 p. *1801 (an IX). ''Tableau des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France.'' Montpellier et Paris, 116 p. *1802 (an X). ''Essai de pathologie végétale.'' Discours lu le 30 vendémiaire an X (1802) à la séance publique de la Société d'Agriculture. *1802 (an X). ''Discours sur la vie et les fonctions, ou précis de la physiologie comparative.'' Montpellier. *1802 (an X). ''Discours sur la philosophie des Sciences.'' Montpellier. *1802 (an X). Sur le glauque de certains végétaux. ''Journ. phys.'', LVI, p. 112. *1803 (an XI). ''Dissertation sur l'utilité de l'Histoire naturelle en médecine.'' Montpellier. *1803 (an XI). Mémoire sur la reproduction considérée dans les divers corps organiques. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 3-8. *1803 (an XI). Observations sur la Lime. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 52-54. *1803 (an XI). Mémoire sur les organes du chant des Insectes. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 55-61. *1803 (an XI). Mémoire sur l'Insecte qui a dévasté, en l'an X, les vignes des communes de Marseillan et de Florensac. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 86-91. *1803 (an XI). Observations sur le passage des couleurs des coquilles à la couleur bleue. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 162-163. *1803 (an XI). Fragment d'un essai sur la pathologie végétale. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier'', I, p. 174-185. *1803 (an XI). Notice minéralogique sur Montferrier. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 353-359. *1803 (an XI). Observations sur la formation et la cristallisation sous-marines du spath calcaire. ''Recueil des Bulletins de Montpellier,'' I, p. 359-361 et ''Journ. phys.'', LVII, p. 174-180. *1803 (an XI). Sur les mouvements que certains fluides reçoivent par le contact d'autres fluides. ''Annales de la chimie,'' XLVII, p. 303-311 ; Gilbert Ann., XXIV, p. 130-134 ; Nikolson Journ., VIII, p. 201-204. *1805 (an XIII). ''Histoire naturelle des Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de la France.'' Paris, 164 p., 13 pl. uvrage posthume* Specimen florae soricianae * Observationes agrostographicae * Observationes muscologicae * Algarum species novae * Nova plantarum Lichenosarum methodus microscopico-analytica * Prodromus Historiae confervarum * Compendium Historiae naturalis Monspeliensis * Flora Monspeliensis * Bibliotheca universalis Historiae naturalis


Bibliography

* Jean-Jacques Amigo, « Draparnaud (Jacques, Philippe, Raymond) », in Nouveau Dictionnaire de biographies roussillonnaises, vol. 3 Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Perpignan, Publications de l'olivier, 2017, 915 p. ()


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Draparnaud, Jacques 1772 births 1804 deaths Academic staff of the University of Montpellier Conchologists French malacologists