Jacob Otto Hoof
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Jacob Otto Hoof (22 October 1768 – 10 January 1839) was a Swedish
Lutheran Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestantism that emerged under the work of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German friar and Protestant Reformers, reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practices of the Catholic Church launched ...
priest and Christian revivalist preacher.


Biography

Jacob Otto Hoof was the son of Abraham Hoof and Anna Håkansdotter. He was born in Lida,
Sätila Sätila () is a locality situated in Mark Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden. It had 1,059 inhabitants in 2010. It is located at the shore of lake Lygnern Lygnern () is a lake in the municipalities of Kungsbacka and Mark, western Swed ...
, Västergötland province. Hoof was ordained in
Lund Lund (, ;"Lund"
(US) and ) is a city in the provinces of Sweden, province of Scania, southern Swed ...
in 1795 and received his master's degree in
Greifswald Greifswald (), officially the University and Hanseatic City of Greifswald (, Low German: ''Griepswoold'') is the fourth-largest city in the German state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania after Rostock, Schwerin and Neubrandenburg. In 2021 it surpa ...
, Germany, in 1799. In 1821, he became the regular vicar of Svenljunga in the
Diocese of Gothenburg The Diocese of Gothenburg () is a diocese of the Church of Sweden. Since March 2018, the bishop has been Susanne Rappmann. The diocese includes the provinces of Bohuslän, Halland, and south-west parts of Västergötland. The episcopal see of the ...
after having served as a substitute for nearly two decades. He was a well-known revivalist preacher in the spirit of legalistic
Pietism Pietism (), also known as Pietistic Lutheranism, is a movement within Lutheranism that combines its emphasis on biblical doctrine with an emphasis on individual piety and living a holy Christianity, Christian life. Although the movement is ali ...
, albeit with elements of the blood and wound theology of the
Moravian Church The Moravian Church, or the Moravian Brethren ( or ), formally the (Latin: "Unity of the Brethren"), is one of the oldest Protestant denominations in Christianity, dating back to the Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century and the original ...
and a
renunciation Renunciation (or renouncing) is the act of rejecting something, particularly something that the renunciant has previously enjoyed or endorsed. In religion, renunciation often indicates an abandonment of pursuit of material comforts, in the inte ...
requirement reminiscent of Catholic mysticism. After his conversion in 1808, he became known as a revivalist preacher. He formed the movement known as Hoofianism, which was characterized by the
asceticism Asceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures through self-discipline, self-imposed poverty, and simple living, often for the purpose of pursuing Spirituality, spiritual goals. Ascetics may withdraw from the world ...
of its members. In Sweden, its influence extended to the provinces of
Halland Halland () is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden (''landskap''), on the western coast of Götaland, southern Sweden. It borders Västergötland, Småland, Skåne, Scania and the sea of Kattegat. Until 1645 and the Second Treaty of Br ...
, Västergötland and
Småland Småland () is a historical Provinces of Sweden, province () in southern Sweden. Småland borders Blekinge, Scania, Halland, Västergötland, Östergötland and the island Öland in the Baltic Sea. The name ''Småland'' literally means "small la ...
; his
postil A postil or postill (; ) was originally a term for Bible commentaries. It is derived from the Latin ("after these words from Scripture"), referring to biblical readings. The word first occurs in the chronicle (with reference to examples of 1228 a ...
, or collection of sermons was quite popular and he had significant influence in Norway and among Swedish American Lutherans. Hoof was a resident of Floghult,
Holsljunga Holsljunga () is a locality situated in Svenljunga Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 255 inhabitants in 2010. Sports The following sports clubs are located in Holsljunga: * Högvads BK Manufacturing Sahlins Sweden AB dev ...
, where people came from far and wide to hear his teachings from his so-called preaching stone, now considered one of the local landmarks. He died in Holsljunga in 1839. His grave is located in Holsljunga Cemetery, under a stone of considerable size. The movement celebrated strict Sunday observance, simplicity of dress, and was led by laity who held
conventicles A conventicle originally meant "an assembly" and was frequently used by ancient writers to mean "a church." At a semantic level, ''conventicle'' is a Latinized synonym of the Greek word for ''church'', and references Jesus' promise in Matthew 18: ...
(in violation of the Conventicle Act), though without separation from the
Church of Sweden The Church of Sweden () is an Evangelical Lutheran national church in Sweden. A former state church, headquartered in Uppsala, with around 5.5 million members at year end 2023, it is the largest Christian denomination in Sweden, the largest List ...
. Hoofianism was largely suppressed by Schartauanism and , but his influence in the Diocese of Växjö was more lasting than in his home diocese.


See also

* Shouter movement *
Läsare (lit. 'reader') or the Reader movement was a Swedish Pietistic Christian revival movement of people who stressed the importance of reading (), that is, reading the Bible and other Christian literature. It was influenced by both the Herrnhuters ...


References


Notes


Sources

* * {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoof, Jacob Otto 1768 births 1839 deaths 18th-century Swedish Lutheran priests 19th-century Swedish Lutheran priests Christian revivalists University of Greifswald alumni People from Mark Municipality