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John Young Sangster (29 May 1896 – 26 March 1977) was a British
industrialist A business magnate, also known as an industrialist or tycoon, is a person who is a powerful entrepreneur and investor who controls, through personal enterprise ownership or a dominant shareholding position, a firm or industry whose goods or ser ...
and
philanthropist Philanthropy is a form of altruism that consists of "private initiatives for the public good, focusing on quality of life". Philanthropy contrasts with business initiatives, which are private initiatives for private good, focusing on material ...
. He was an important figure in the British motorcycle industry, where he was involved with
Ariel Ariel may refer to: Film and television *Ariel Award, a Mexican Academy of Film award * ''Ariel'' (film), a 1988 Finnish film by Aki Kaurismäki *, a Russian film directed by Yevgeni Kotov * ''ARIEL Visual'' and ''ARIEL Deluxe'', a 1989 and 1991 ...
, BSA and Triumph.


Early life

Sangster was born in
Kings Norton Kings Norton, alternatively King's Norton, is an area of Birmingham, in the county of the West Midlands (county), West Midlands, England. Historic counties of England, Historically in Worcestershire, it was also a Birmingham City Council war ...
,
Worcestershire Worcestershire ( , ; written abbreviation: Worcs) is a Ceremonial counties of England, ceremonial county in the West Midlands (region), West Midlands of England. It is bordered by Shropshire, Staffordshire, and the West Midlands (county), West ...
, England. He was the second of three sons of
Charles Thomas Brock Sangster Charles Thomas Brock Sangster (16 May 1872 – 18 March 1935) was a British engineer and industrialist. Sangster was born in Aberdeen and was named after his godfather, fireworks manufacturer Charles Thomas Brock. He attended school in Aberdeen ...
, an engineer and the owner of Cycle Components Ltd, which in 1902 became known as the motorcycle brand Ariel. After his education at
Hurstpierpoint College Hurstpierpoint College is a Public school (United Kingdom), public school (English Private schools in the United Kingdom, private boarding school, boarding and day school), located just north of the village of Hurstpierpoint, West Sussex. The Co ...
in
Sussex Sussex (Help:IPA/English, /ˈsʌsɪks/; from the Old English ''Sūþseaxe''; lit. 'South Saxons'; 'Sussex') is an area within South East England that was historically a kingdom of Sussex, kingdom and, later, a Historic counties of England, ...
, Sangster began an
engineering apprentice An engineering apprenticeship in the United Kingdom is an apprenticeship in mechanical engineering or electrical engineering or aeronautical engineering to train craftsmen, technicians, senior technicians, Incorporated Engineers and Chartered Eng ...
ship, but it was interrupted by the
First World War World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting to ...
. During the war, he served with the City of Birmingham battalion of the 14th
Royal Warwickshire Regiment The Royal Warwickshire Regiment, previously titled the 6th Regiment of Foot, was a line infantry regiment of the British Army in continuous existence for 283 years. The regiment saw service in many conflicts and wars, including the Second Boer War ...
. His elder brother Fredrick Charles Sangster was killed in action in 1916.


Career

In 1918, Sangster joined the Cycle Components Manufacturing Company, where his father was managing director. He designed a small low-cost car, which the company began manufacturing. The car's design was later sold to the
Rover Company The Rover Company Limited was a British car manufacturing company originally founded in 1878, beginning car manufacturing in 1904. It primarily operated from its base in Solihull, Warwickshire. Rover also manufactured the Land Rover series from ...
in
Coventry Coventry ( or rarely ) is a City status in the United Kingdom, cathedral city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands (county), West Midlands county, in England, on the River Sherbourne. Coventry had been a large settlement for centurie ...
, and Sangster joined Rover to manage the production of the car which became the Rover 8. Sangster returned to his father's company in 1923, and by 1930 he was joint managing director, but Cycle Components went bankrupt two years later. Sangster bought most of CC'S assets and started a new company, Ariel Motors, which he developed with some of CC's former designers and engineers, including Val Page, Bert Hopwood, and later Edward Turner. Sangster developed a motorcycle with a 4 hp
White and Poppe White and Poppe Limited was a proprietary engine building and gearbox manufacturing business established in Coventry in 1899 by Alfred James White (1870-) and Norwegian Peter August Poppe (1870-1933). Many early motor vehicle manufacturers bou ...
engine, which proved extremely successful. He added 586 cc and 992 cc machines to the company's line, setting the standard for competitions at the time. In 1936, Sangster bought the financially struggling Triumph Motorcycles company, renamed it Triumph Engineering Co., and brought in Edward Turner from Ariel to improve the product range. The
Triumph Speed Twin The Speed Twin 5T is a standard motorcycle that was made by Triumph Engineering, Triumph at their Coventry, and later Meriden factories. Edward Turner (motorcycle designer), Edward Turner, Triumph's Chief Designer and managing director, launch ...
, with a parallel-twin engine designed by Turner, was introduced in 1938, and it was followed by a series of successful Triumph motorcycles until the early 1980s.'' Motorcycle Mechanics'', June 1973, p.80/83. ''Motorcycle Masterpieces: Triumph's Twin. "The climax came in 1936 when it looked as though the factory would have to close down. At the last moment it was bought out by J.Y.Sangster who owned Ariel, and Triumph Engineering Co was born "''. Retrieved 12 March 2014 Sangster sold Ariel to the BSA company in 1944, and in 1951 he sold Triumph to BSA for £2.5 million, a good return on his initial £50,000 investment in 1936. He joined the board of BSA following the acquisition of Triumph, and after a series of boardroom battles that ousted the previous chairman, Sir Bernard Docker, Sangster became chairman of BSA in 1956. He appointed Turner as Chief Executive of the Automotive Division—comprising BSA, Ariel, Triumph, Daimler, and Carbodies (makers of London taxicabs). Sangster retired as chairman of BSA in 1961. In 1944, he took in two London evacuees, Gordon and Jean Rookledge. He declined a peerage in 1962. Sangster died in
Belgravia Belgravia () is a district in Central London, covering parts of the areas of the City of Westminster and the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea. Belgravia was known as the 'Five Fields' during the Tudor Period, and became a dangerous pla ...
,
London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...
, on 26 March 1977 from cancer.England and Wales Death records
Genesreunited.co.uk, Retrieved 12 March 2014


References


External links

*
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography The ''Dictionary of National Biography'' (''DNB'') is a standard work of reference on notable figures from History of the British Isles, British history, published since 1885. The updated ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' (''ODNB'') ...
: Sangster, John Young by Barbara M.D. Smith. {{DEFAULTSORT:Sangster, Jack 1896 births 1977 deaths British Army personnel of World War I British motorcycle pioneers Deaths from cancer in England Daimler people People from Kings Norton People educated at Hurstpierpoint College 20th-century English businesspeople Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers soldiers Military personnel from Birmingham, West Midlands