Jābir ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn Ḥarām al-Anṣārī (, died 697 CE/78 AH), Abu Muhammad and Abu Abd al-Rahman also wrote his nickname was a prominent companion of the Islamic prophet

Muhammad Muhammad (8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious and political leader and the founder of Islam. Muhammad in Islam, According to Islam, he was a prophet who was divinely inspired to preach and confirm the tawhid, monotheistic teachings of A ...

and narrator of Hadith. Imami sources say Jabir was one of Ali's special and chosen companions and one of Hassan, Hussein, Zain al-Abidin and Muhammad Baqir's companions. Jaber narrated hadiths from

Abu Bakr Abd Allah ibn Abi Quhafa (23 August 634), better known by his ''Kunya (Arabic), kunya'' Abu Bakr, was a senior Sahaba, companion, the closest friend, and father-in-law of Muhammad. He served as the first caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate, ruli ...

Umar Umar ibn al-Khattab (; ), also spelled Omar, was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr () and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Mu ...

Ammar ibn Yasir Ammar ibn Yasir (; July 657 C.E.) was a ''Sahabi'' (Companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and a commander in the early Muslim conquests. His parents, Sumayya and Yasir ibn Amir, were the first martyrs of the Ummah. Ammar converted to I ...

and

Muadh ibn Jabal Muʿādh ibn Jabal (; 603 – 639) was a (companion) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Muadh was an of the Banu Khazraj tribe and compiled the Quran with five companions while Muhammad was still alive. He acquired a reputation for knowledge. Mu ...

, and he narrated

hadith Hadith is the Arabic word for a 'report' or an 'account f an event and refers to the Islamic oral tradition of anecdotes containing the purported words, actions, and the silent approvals of the Islamic prophet Muhammad or his immediate circle ...

s from young companions including Saʽid al-Khudri and Abu Hurayra. Jabir bin Abdullah also had a scientific reputation among the companions. According to Hisham ibn Urwah, he had a circle for teaching in the

Prophet's Mosque The Prophet's Mosque () is the List of the oldest mosques, second mosque built by the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad in Medina, after the Quba Mosque, as well as the second List of large mosques, la ...

, which brought followers around him in connection with the

Quran The Quran, also Romanization, romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a Waḥy, revelation directly from God in Islam, God (''Allah, Allāh''). It is organized in 114 chapters (, ) which ...

. Based on the count provided by Nawi, in Sunni hadith sources, 1,540 hadiths of Muhammad have been recorded through Jabir, of which 26 are specific to

Sahih al-Bukhari () is the first hadith collection of the Six Books of Sunni Islam. Compiled by Islamic scholar al-Bukhari () in the format, the work is valued by Sunni Muslims, alongside , as the most authentic after the Qur'an. Al-Bukhari organized the bo ...

. Jabir was known as an authority on Islamic jurisprudence in

Medina Medina, officially al-Madinah al-Munawwarah (, ), also known as Taybah () and known in pre-Islamic times as Yathrib (), is the capital of Medina Province (Saudi Arabia), Medina Province in the Hejaz region of western Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, ...

during his time, and especially after the death of Abd Allah ibn Umar (73 AH), he was an unrivaled authority in Medina. At the end of his life, Jabir, as an elderly companion, became an important authority for Muhammad's biography and the early history of Islam.

Life

Early life

Jabir ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Ansari was born in Yathrib (now known as

) 15 years before the Hijra. He belonged to a poor family of Medina. He was from the tribe of Khazraj. Jabir's father converted to Islam before Muhammad's migration to Yathrab and him in the second pledge of allegiance and became one of the twelve Naqibs whom Muhammad chose to represent their tribes. He was present in the Battle of Badr and was killed in the Battle of Uhud. His grandfather was Amroob bin Haram bin Ka'b bin Gham and was related to Khazraj. His mother was Nasiba bint Uqba ibn Uddi. Jabir was from the Bani Salma tribe of Banu Khazraj and his "Salami" lineage was from this. After the death of Muhammad, Jaber maintained his credibility, but unlike some of his companions, he was not interested in participating in the political and military activities of that time and was more stable in Medina. During his lifetime he was chosen by the Caliph as an "Arif" and representative of an Ansar tribe to which he belonged.

Muhammad's era

Jabir ibn Abd Allah al-Ansari is said to have accepted Islam when he was about 7. The first mention of Jabir's life is his presence with his father in the second pledge of allegiance in the 13th year of the Prophethood. He was the youngest observer of the pledge of allegiance of the Osasians and Khazrajians to Muhammad. He must have been around sixteen years old at that time. After the migration of the Holy Prophet from Mecca to Medina, Jabir was one of the young people who participated in most of the expeditions and raids. had and only in Ghazwa Badr and Uhud were absent. Also, he is recognised as the

Sahaba The Companions of the Prophet () were the Muslim disciples and followers of the Islamic prophet Muhammad who saw or met him during his lifetime. The companions played a major role in Muslim battles, society, hadith narration, and governance ...

with the most count of hadith relating to Hajj. His participation in the Battle of Badr is questioned by some historians; he is known to have fought in 19 battles (including Badr) under command of Muhammad and was a trusted Sahabi. He was present during the

conquest of Mecca The conquest of Mecca ( , alternatively, "liberation of Mecca") was a military campaign undertaken by Muhammad and Companions of the Prophet, his companions during the Muslim–Quraysh War. They led the early Muslims in an advance on the Quray ...

Battle of Uhud

In the

Battle of Uhud The Battle of Uhud () was fought between the early Muslims and the Quraysh during the Muslim–Quraysh wars in a valley north of Mount Uhud near Medina on Saturday, 23 March 625 AD (7 Shawwal, 3 AH). After the expulsion of Hijrah, Muslims from ...

, Jabir ibn Abd Allah was not allowed by his father Abd Allah to take part in

Jihad ''Jihad'' (; ) is an Arabic word that means "exerting", "striving", or "struggling", particularly with a praiseworthy aim. In an Islamic context, it encompasses almost any effort to make personal and social life conform with God in Islam, God ...

. Jabir had seven sisters (some historians say nine) and Abd Allah wanted him to take care of his family. So instead of fighting, Jabir served the thirsty soldiers. Jabir's father, Abd Allah ibn Amr ibn Haram al-Ansari was martyred in the

along with his brother-in-law,

Amr ibn al-Jamuh ʿAmr ibn al-Jamūḥ (Arabic: عمرو بن الجموح) was an Ansari (nisbat), ansari Sahaba, companion of Muhammad, and a chief of Banu Salamah (Tribe), Banu Salama. He died in the Battle of Uhud. Amr ibn al-Jamuh was the chief of Bani Sal ...

, both having reached nearly 100 years of age.In the 3rd

Hijri year The Hijri year () or era () is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar. It begins its count from the Islamic New Year in which Muhammad and his followers migrated from Mecca to Yathrib (now Medina) in 622 CE. This event, known as the Hij ...

before the battle of Zaat al-Raqqa, Jaber married a widow named Sahima, the daughter of Masoud bin Aus, in order to take better care of his nine sisters after the death of his father. Jaber was facing financial problems at this time, his father was in debt. Some time later, on his way back from the Battle of Dhat al-Riqa (4th year of Hijri), Muhammad came to Jabir and politely solved his financial problem. According to some reports, the relationship between Muhammad and Jabir was sincere and friendly.

Miracle of the date pile

Jabir narrates, "When the season of plucking the dates came, I went to Allah's Messenger and said, "You know that my father was martyred on the day of Uhud, and he was heavily in debt, and I would like that the creditors should see you." The Prophet said, "Go and pile every kind of dates apart." I did so and called him (i.e. the Prophet). When the creditors saw him, they started claiming their debts from me then in such a harsh manner (as they had never done before). So when he saw their attitude, he went round the biggest heap of dates thrice, and then sat over it and said, 'O Jabir, call your companions (i.e. the creditors).' Then he kept on measuring (and giving) to the creditors (their due) till Allah paid all the debt of my father. I would have been satisfied to retain nothing of those dates for my sisters after Allah had paid the debts of my father. But Allah saved all the heaps (of dates), so that when I looked at the heap where the Prophet had been sitting, it seemed as if a single date had not been taken away thereof and he liked candy ."Sahih al-Bukhari 4053 (https://sunnah.com/bukhari/64/99) After

Mu'awiya I Mu'awiya I (–April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death. He became caliph less than thirty years after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and immediately after the four Rashid ...

came to power, he decided to move the pulpit of the Messenger of God from

to Damascus (year 50). Jaber was one of those who went to Mu'awiyah and dissuaded him from doing so. Jaber traveled to

Egypt Egypt ( , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the Northeast Africa, northeast corner of Africa and Western Asia, southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to northe ...

in the 1950s. A group of Egyptians have narrated from him. During these days,

Maslama ibn Mukhallad Maslama ibn Mukhallad ibn Samit al-Ansari () was one of the companions of the Prophet and active in Egypt in the decades after its conquest by the Muslims. Biography He was born in 616 or 620, and participated in the Muslim conquest of Egypt, ...

, a fellow tribe member of Jaber, was the governor of Egypt, and according to Ibn Manda, Jabir went to

Damascus Damascus ( , ; ) is the capital and List of largest cities in the Levant region by population, largest city of Syria. It is the oldest capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth Holiest sites in Islam, holiest city in Islam. Kno ...

and Egypt with Muslimah. Retribution from Abdullah ibn Unais, a trip to Syria, the date of which is unknown. During the time of Muawiyah, he also went to

Syria Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to Syria–Turkey border, the north, Iraq to Iraq–Syria border, t ...

, where he faced Muawiyah's indifference. Jaber, who was dissatisfied with Muawiya's behavior, took the road to Medina and did not accept Muawiya's donation of six hundred dinars. The children of Jaber Abdul Rahman, Muhammad, Mahmoud, Abdullah and Aqeel have been mentioned. About the existence of people attributed to Jaber in today's Africa, Tunisia; And there are reports in Bukhara Jaber's scientific personality. Jabir is one of those Companions who narrated many hadiths. Therefore, he was called the preserver of the prophetic tradition and the narrator of hadith. Jabir was an authority in jurisprudence and issued fatwas, which placed him among the companions from whom moderate fatwas were narrated, and therefore Dhahabi called him a mujtahid and jurist. Jabir died during the Imamate of Imam Sajjad, and Imam Baqir was a child or teenager at the time of Jabir's death.

Ali ibn Abi Talib era

He was loyal to Ali. Jaber was a member of a group known as "Sharta Al-Khamis", who were devotees of Ali. He fought in all three major battles under the fourth Rashidun caliph

Ali ibn Abi Talib Ali ibn Abi Talib (; ) was the fourth Rashidun caliph who ruled from until Assassination of Ali, his assassination in 661, as well as the first imamate in Shia doctrine, Shia Imam. He was the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muha ...

: Battle of Jamal, Battle of Sifeen and

Battle of Nahrawan The Battle of Nahrawan () was fought between the army of Caliph Ali and the rebel group Kharijites in July 658 CE (Safar 38 AH). The latter were a group of allies of Ali during the First Fitna. They separated from him following the Battle of ...

. According to Imami narrations, 40 days after the event of Ashura, he came to Karbala to visit Hussein bin Ali's shrine and this was considered the first Shia action to hold the Arbaeen ceremony of Hossein as Imam.

Ali ibn Husayn's (ibn Ali) era (Shia doctrine)

In the event of Karbala and the death of Hussain, Jaber bin Abdullah was one of the old men of Medina, and he was concerned about the descendants of the Messenger of God. Imam Hussain has introduced Jabir as one of the witnesses of his statement in protest against the army of Obaidullah bin Ziyad. The story of Jabir bin Abdullah's meeting with Imam Baqir is mentioned in the sources. Jabir had heard from the Prophet Muhammad that he will live long enough to see a child from my generation with the same name, he is a splitter of knowledge (Baqir), Jabir sent greetings to him on my behalf. He was looking for this child and calling out in the mosque of Madinah: "Ya Baqirul Uloom" finally one day he found Muhammad bin Ali and remembered the words of Muhammad, kissed the child and conveyed the greetings of the Prophet to him. Jabir had a long life and became blind in his old age.

Abd al-Malik's era and Jabir’s death

It was during this era that he retold the Hadith of Umar's speech of forbidding Mut'ah. Jabir had a long life. According to shia sources he was poisoned by Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf when he was 94 in, because of his loyalty to Ahl al-Bayt. He died in 78 AH (697) in

Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia. Located in the centre of the Middle East, it covers the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula and has a land area of about , making it the List of Asian countries ...

Legacy

He narrated about 1,547 Hadiths (some historians say). After the death of Muhammad he used to deliver lectures in Masjid Nabwi, Medina,

, and

. Such leading Tabi'en scholars as Amr ibn Dinar, Mujahid, Atiyya ibn Sa'd and Ata' ibn Abi Rabah attended his lectures. People gathered around him in Damascus and Egypt to learn about Muhammad and his Hadiths.Upon research it is said that he started and carried out the tradition of Arbaeen 1300 years ago.

List of narrated hadith

* Hadith of Jesus Praying Behind Mahdi * Hadiths related to Mut'ah and An-Nisa, 24 * Hadith of Ghadir Khumm * Hadith al-Thaqalayn *A narration regarding

Contraception Birth control, also known as contraception, anticonception, and fertility control, is the use of methods or devices to prevent pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth control only be ...

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jabir Ibn Abd-Allah Companions of the Prophet Assassinated religious leaders 697 deaths Year of birth unknown Hadith scholars