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Iwan Bloch (April 8, 1872 – November 21, 1922), also known as Ivan Bloch, was a German
dermatologist Dermatology is the branch of medicine dealing with the skin.''Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.'' Random House, Inc. 2001. Page 537. . It is a speciality with both medical and surgical aspects. A dermatologist is a specialist medica ...
, and
psychiatrist A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in psychiatry, the branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, study, and treatment of mental disorders. Psychiatrists are physicians and evaluate patients to determine whether their ...
,
psychoanalyst PsychoanalysisFrom Greek language, Greek: + . is a set of Theory, theories and Therapy, therapeutic techniques"What is psychoanalysis? Of course, one is supposed to answer that it is many things — a theory, a research method, a therapy, a bo ...
born in Delmenhorst, Grand Ducal Oldenburg,
Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG),, is a country in Central Europe. It is the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the sou ...
, and often called the first
sexologist Sexology is the scientific study of human sexuality, including human sexual interests, behaviors, and functions. The term ''sexology'' does not generally refer to the non-scientific study of sexuality, such as social criticism. Sexologists ap ...
. Together with Magnus Hirschfeld and Albert Eulenburg, Bloch is known for having proposed the new concept of a science of sexuality (''Sexualwissenschaft'') or
sexology Sexology is the scientific study of human sexuality, including human sexual interests, behaviors, and functions. The term ''sexology'' does not generally refer to the non-scientific study of sexuality, such as social criticism. Sexologists ap ...
. In 1906 he wrote in German the book ''Das Sexualleben unserer Zeit in seinen Beziehungen zur modernen Kultur'' which was translated as ''The Sexual Life of our Time in its Relations to Modern Civilization'', a complete encyclopedia of the sexual sciences in their relation to modern civilization.Bloch I., (1906) ''Das Sexualleben unserer Zeit in seinen Beziehungen zur modernen Kultur''. Marcus Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin.
''Transl. eng.'' (1909
''The Sexual Life of Our Time in Its Relations to Modern Civilization''
Rebman, London.
He is also known for having discovered the
Marquis de Sade Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade (; 2 June 1740 – 2 December 1814), was a French nobleman, revolutionary politician, philosopher and writer famous for his literary depictions of a libertine sexuality as well as numerous accusat ...
's manuscript of ''
The 120 Days of Sodom ''The 120 Days of Sodom, or the School of Libertinage'' (french: Les 120 Journées de Sodome ou l'école du libertinage, links=no) is an unfinished novel by the French writer and nobleman Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade, written in ...
'', which had been believed to be lost, and published it under the pseudonym Eugène Dühren in 1904. He had previously published ''Marquis de Sade: his life and works.'' in 1899 under the same
pseudonym A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individua ...
, which he used later for the publishing of more works about Sade and Rétif de la Bretonne.


Legacy

According to
Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud ( , ; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating psychopathology, pathologies explained as originatin ...
, Bloch's studies were instrumental in the development of the anthropological approach to the theory of sexuality. Before Bloch, homosexuality was analyzed using a pathological approach.Freud, ''Three Essays of the Theory of Sexuality'', p. 5


''Handbook of Sexology'' and other works

Iwan Bloch began the publication of his ''Handbuch der gesamten Sexualwissenschaft in Einzeldarstellungen'' (''Handbook of Sexology in its Entirety Presented in Separate Studies'') in 1912. Three volumes appeared until the project was aborted because of Bloch's untimely death at age 50, in 1922. *''Handbuch der Gesamten Sexualwissenschaft in Einzeldarstellungen'' (Band 1, Band 2, Band 3: Louis Marcus, Berlin, 1912–25): **I. ''Die Prostitution. Hälfte 1'' (1912) **II. ''Die Prostitution. Hälfte 2'' with Georg Loewenstein was issued in Berlin by Louis Marcus in 1925 **III. ''Die Homosexualität des Mannes und des Weibes''. (with Magnus Hirschfeld) (1914) He had published earlier: *''Irrungen menschlicher Liebe'' (n.d., as ''Veriphantor'') *''Das Versehen der Frauen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart und die Anschauungen der Aerzte, Naturforscher und Philosophen darüber'' (1899, as ''Gerhard von Welsenburg'') *''Der
Marquis de Sade Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade (; 2 June 1740 – 2 December 1814), was a French nobleman, revolutionary politician, philosopher and writer famous for his literary depictions of a libertine sexuality as well as numerous accusat ...
und seine Zeit. Ein Beitrag zur Cultur- und Sittengeschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts. Mit besonderer Beziehung auf die Lehre von der Psychopathia Sexualis'' (1900 as ''Eugen Dühren'' 1. Aufl. Barsdorf, Berlin, 1900; Max von Harrwitz, Berlin, 1904; 5. Aufl. Barsdorf, Berlin, 1915, in series:''Studien zur Geschichte des menschlichen Geschlechtslebens'' Bd. 1.; Altogether 7 editions in his lifetime. Reissued in 1978: Heyne, München ) *''Der Ursprung der Syphilis. Eine medizinische und kulturgeschichtliche Untersuchung'' (G. Fischer, Jena, 1901) *''Beiträge zur Aetiologie der "Psychopathia sexualis"'' (Dohrn, Dresden, 1902) *''Das Geschlechtsleben in England, mit besonderer Beziehung auf London, Studien zur Geschichte des menschlichen Geschlechtslebens'' as ''Eugen Dühren'', in four volumes: **I. ''Die beiden Erscheinungsformen des Sexuallebens. Die Ehe und die Prostitution.'' **II-III. ''Der Einfluss äusserer Faktoren auf das Geschlechtsleben in England.'' (M. Lilienthal, 1901-03.) **IV. ''Das Geschlechtsleben in England'' (3 vols. Berlin: H. Barsdorf) *''Der Fetischismus'' (1903, as ''Veriphantor'') *''Das erste Auftreten der Syphilis (Lustseuche) in der europäischen Kulturwelt. Gewürdigt in seiner weltgeschichtlichen Bedeutung, dargestellt nach Anfang, Verlauf und vorraussichtlichem Ende'' (Fischer, Jena, 1904) *'' Rétif de la Bretonne. Der Mensch, der Schriftsteller, der Reformator'', (Max Harrwitz, Berlin, 1906, as ''Eugen Dühren'') *''Rétif-Bibliothek. Verzeichnis der französischen und deutschen Ausgaben und Schriften von und über Nicolas Edme Restif de la Bretonne'' (bibliography of, Berlin, 1906, as ''Eugen Dühren'') *''Die sexuelle Osphresiologie'' (1906, as ''Albert Hagen'') *''Das Sexualleben unserer Zeit in seinen Beziehungen zur modernen Kultur'' (Louis Marcus, Verlagbuchhandlung, Berlin, 1907) (this fundamental work appeared in many later editions) *''Englische Sittengeschichte'' (earlier: ''Das Geschlechtsleben in England'') (Two volumes, 1912, as ''Eugen Dühren'') Were published after his death: *''Die Prostitution'' (the 2nd volume appeared posthumously in 1925) *''Anthropological Studies on the Strange Sexual Practices of All Races and All Ages'' (1933, reprint in 2001) * ''A History of English Sexual Morals''; (translated by William H. Forstern. London: Francis Aldor, 1936) * ''Sexual Life in England, Past and Present'' (London: Alfred Aldor, 1938) *in English (abridged): ''Marquis de Sade. His life and his works''; (translated by James Bruce. Castle/ Book Sales, NY 1948, 128 pp.) *(French and Spanish translations were also issued.) *''Neue Forschungen über den Marquis de Sade und seine Zeit. Mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sexualphilosophie de Sade's auf Grund des neuentdeckten Original-Manuskriptes seines Hauptwerkes'' (as ''Eugen Dühren'', reprint 1965; and again by VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, Saarbrücken, 2007) * Projekt Gutenberg-DE: '' Bibliothek der Sexualwissenschaft'' 36 Klassiker als Faksimile auf DVD. Hille & Partner


Notes


References

*White M. J. (1972). ''New Zealand Psychologist'', Vol. 1 Issue 1: "The legacy of Iwan Bloch (1872–1922)".
Der Papiertiger: Bloch, Iwan


Further reading

* Wolfgang Büsing: "Ido Wolff und seine Sippe. Ein berühmter Wundarzt des 17. Jahrhunderts aus Oldenburg" in: his: ''Glück, Heil und Segen angewünschet. Familiengeschichtliche und heimatkundliche Beiträge aus dem Oldenburgischen'' Oldenburg: Heinz Holzberg, 1988 ; pp. 43–51 * Günther Grau: ''Iwan Bloch. Hautarzt - Medizinhistoriker - Sexualforscher'', Berlin: Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, 2007 *Erwin J. Haeberle: "Iwan Bloch (1872 - 1922)" in: ''„Meinetwegen ist die Welt erschaffen“. Das intellektuelle Vermächtnis des deutschsprachigen Judentums. 58 Portraits'', Frankfurt: Campus, 1997; pp. 165–172 *Volkmar Sigusch: ''Geschichte der Sexualwissenschaft'', Frankfurt/M., New York: Campus, 2008 ; pp. 52–80, 285-307, 597-599 *Volkmar Sigusch & Günter Grau (eds.): ''Personenlexikon der Sexualforschung'', Frankfurt/M., New York: Campus, 2009 ; pp. 52–61


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Bloch, Iwan 1872 births 1922 deaths People from Delmenhorst People from the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg German dermatologists German sexologists LGBT rights activists from Germany