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Ivor Catt (born 1935) is a British
electronics Electronics is a scientific and engineering discipline that studies and applies the principles of physics to design, create, and operate devices that manipulate electrons and other Electric charge, electrically charged particles. It is a subfield ...
engineer Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are professionals who Invention, invent, design, build, maintain and test machines, complex systems, structures, gadgets and materials. They aim to fulfill functional objectives and requirements while ...
known principally for his alternative theories of
electromagnetism In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields. The electromagnetic force is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It is the dominant force in the interacti ...
. He received a B.A. degree from
Cambridge University The University of Cambridge is a Public university, public collegiate university, collegiate research university in Cambridge, England. Founded in 1209, the University of Cambridge is the List of oldest universities in continuous operation, wo ...
, and has won the ''
Electronic Design ''Electronic Design'' magazine, founded in 1952, is an electronics and electrical engineering trade magazine and website. History Hayden Publishing Company began publishing the bi-weekly magazine Electronic Design in December 1952, and w ...
'' magazine's "best product of the year" award on 26 October 1989, after £16 million funding.


Biography

Ivor Catt was born in England and grew up on an RAF airbase in
Singapore Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island country and city-state in Southeast Asia. The country's territory comprises one main island, 63 satellite islands and islets, and one outlying islet. It is about one degree ...
. He left the country, along with his mother and sister, just before the Japanese invasion in 1942. He did his National Service stationed in Germany. He won a State Scholarship in mathematics and then studied engineering at
Trinity College, Cambridge Trinity College is a Colleges of the University of Cambridge, constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1546 by King Henry VIII, Trinity is one of the largest Cambridge colleges, with the largest financial endowment of any ...
.


Wafer scale integration

Catt developed and patented some ideas on '' Wafer scale integration'' (WSI) in 1972, and published his work in ''
Wireless World ''Electronics World'' (''Wireless World'', founded in 1913, and in October 1983 renamed ''Electronics & Wireless World'') is a technical magazine published by Datateam Business Media Ltd that covers electronics and RF engineering and is aimed at ...
'' in 1981, after his articles on the topic were rejected by academic journals. The technique, christened ''Catt Spiral'', was designed to enable the use of partially faulty integrated chips (called ''partials''), which were otherwise discarded by manufacturers. In the mid-1980s, a British company ''Anamartic'', funded by
Tandem Computers Tandem Computers, Inc. was the dominant manufacturer of fault-tolerant computer systems for Automated teller machine, ATM networks, banks, stock exchanges, telephone switching centers, 911 systems, and other similar commercial transaction proc ...
and Sir Clive Sinclair among others, announced plans to manufacture microchips ("superchips") based on Catt's technology. The approach was reported to be revolutionary at the time, with predictions that it would enable construction of powerful super-computers from cheap, mass-produced components, and cheaper and faster replacements for magnetic disk memories. Anamartic introduced a solid-state memory, called the Wafer Stack, based on the technology in 1989 and the device won ''Electronic Products 'Product of the Year Award'. However the company could not ensure a large enough supply of silicon wafers, which were crucial for its chip manufacturing, and folded in 1992.


Writings and opinions


On industrial management

Catt spent six years in the 1960s working in five different electronics companies in the USA. He was very disillusioned by his experience and wrote a harsh critique of American management practices in his book, ''The Catt Concept: The New Industrial Darwinism''. Catt was critical of the hire and fire culture, which he labeled the ''New Social Darwinism'', and accused American employers of stifling their workers' creativity. The book got largely negative reviews, with
Kirkus Reviews ''Kirkus Reviews'' is an American book review magazine founded in 1933 by Virginia Kirkus. The magazine's publisher, Kirkus Media, is headquartered in New York City. ''Kirkus Reviews'' confers the annual Kirkus Prize to authors of fiction, no ...
describing it as a contrived and often muddled work that rested on "one man's bitter and limited experience." Published in six languages.


Censorship claims

His work has received coverage and debate in the magazines ''
Wireless World ''Electronics World'' (''Wireless World'', founded in 1913, and in October 1983 renamed ''Electronics & Wireless World'') is a technical magazine published by Datateam Business Media Ltd that covers electronics and RF engineering and is aimed at ...
'' and ''
Electronics World ''Electronics World'' (''Wireless World'', founded in 1913, and in October 1983 renamed ''Electronics & Wireless World'') is a technical magazine published by Datateam Business Media Ltd that covers electronics and RF engineering and is aimed at ...
'' from December 1978 to September 1988. ''
New Scientist ''New Scientist'' is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology. Based in London, it publishes weekly English-language editions in the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia. An editorially separate organ ...
'' on 19 February 1989 stated that Catt proposed an electronic internet to share ideas and circumvent bigoted censorship.


Selected bibliography


Books

* ''The Catt Concept: The New Industrial Darwinism'', Putnam, 1971, * ''Computer Worship'', Pitman Publ., 1973 * ''Digital Hardware Design'' (with David Walton, Malcolm Davidson), Macmillan, 1979,


Self-Published

* ''Electromagnetic Theory'', C.A.M. Pub., 1983, * ''Death of Electric Current: Wireless World Articles and Letters'', C.A.M. Pub., 1987, * ''The Catt Anomaly: Science Beyond the Crossroads'', Westfields, 2001, * ''The Hook and the Sting: The Legal Mafia'', Westfields, 1996, 1996,


Articles by Ivor Catt

* Lynch, Arnold and Ivor Catt, "A Difficulty in Electromagnetic Theory," presented to and published by the Institution of Electrical Engineers, Professional Group D7 (History of Technology), 26th Weekend Meeting, 10–12 July 1998, University of East Anglia, publication HEE/2

* Catt, I. ''The Two T.E.M. Signals'', IEEE Computer Society, 1978, OCLC 35349268 * Catt, I. "The Rise and Fall of Bodies of Knowledge", ''The Information Scientist'', 12 (4) December 1978, pp. 137–14

* Catt, I., Davidson, M., Walton, D.S.,"The history of displacement current," ''Wireless World'', March 1979 * Catt, I., Davidson, M., Walton, D.S., "Displacement current", ''Wireless World'', December 1978 *Catt, I., '
Crosstalk In electronics, crosstalk (XT) is a phenomenon by which a signal transmitted on one circuit or channel of a transmission system creates an undesired effect in another circuit or channel. Crosstalk is usually caused by undesired capacitive, ...
(Noise) in Digital Systems,' ''IEEE Trans. on Elect. Comp.,'' vol. EC-16 (December 1967) pp. 749–5

*Catt, I. 'Death of Electric Current,' ''Wireless World'', December 198

*Catt, I. 'The End of the Road,' ''Electronics World'', April 201


Articles Referring to Ivor Catt

* Cook, Nigel, "Air traffic control: how many more air disasters?", ''Electronics World'', January 2003, pp. 12–1

* Cook, Nigel, "An Electronic Universe", ''Electronics World'', Part 1: August 2002 (4 pages), Part 2: April 2003 (6 pages

* "Depending on who you talk to in the generally conservative semiconductor industry, Catt is either a crank or a visionary. For 20 years, he has been refining the theoretical foundations for a revolution in the semiconductor industry ...." – "On the importance of being creative; Innovative thinkers should be allowed to come to the fore", New Scientist, 12 June 1986, p35 * Sinclair, Sir Clive, * ".... Ivor Catt, an innovative thinker whose own immense ability in electronics has all too often been too far ahead of conventional ideas to be appreciated: significantly, Catt is beginning to get some high-level backing from companies who see the possibility of major breakthroughs from his work ('Wafers herald new era in computing', New Scientist, 25 February 1989)." – New Scientist, 25nov89, p75.


References


External links


Ivor Catt's latest website, with 1970s books and articles

Ivor Catt's earlier website
{{DEFAULTSORT:Catt, Ivor 1935 births Living people British electronics engineers