Ivan Pushchin
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Ivan Ivanovich Pushchin (Russian:Иван Иванович Пущин; 15 May 1798,
Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
— 15 April 1859,
Bronnitsky Uyezd Bronnitsky Uyezd (''Бронницкий уезд'') was one of the subdivisions of the Moscow Governorate of the Russian Empire. It was situated in the southeastern part of the governorate. Its administrative centre was Bronnitsy. Demographics At ...
) was a Russian civil servant and
Decembrist The Decembrist revolt () was a failed coup d'état led by Liberalism, liberal military and political dissidents against the Russian Empire. It took place in Saint Petersburg on , following the death of Alexander I of Russia, Emperor Alexander ...
. In school, he became a close friend of the writer,
Alexander Pushkin Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin () was a Russian poet, playwright, and novelist of the Romantic era.Basker, Michael. Pushkin and Romanticism. In Ferber, Michael, ed., ''A Companion to European Romanticism''. Oxford: Blackwell, 2005. He is consid ...
, due to the similarity of their names.


Biography

He was born to Lieutenant-General and his wife, Alexandra née Ryabinina. From 1811 to 1817, he studied at the
Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum The Imperial Lyceum () in Tsarskoye Selo near Saint Petersburg, also known historically as the Imperial Alexander Lyceum after its founder Tsar Alexander I, was an educational institution which was founded in 1811 with the object of educating yo ...
,"Пущин Иван Иванович", in the ''
Great Soviet Encyclopedia The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'' (GSE; , ''BSE'') is one of the largest Russian-language encyclopedias, published in the Soviet Union from 1926 to 1990. After 2002, the encyclopedia's data was partially included into the later ''Great Russian Enc ...
'', 3rd edition, A. M. Prokhorova (Ed.), 1969
then served in the until 1822; rising to the rank of
Podporuchik ''Podporuchik'' ( sh-Cyrl-Latn, потпоручник, potporučnik, , , , , ) is the most junior officer in some Slavic armed forces, and is placed below the rank of lieutenant, typically corresponding to rank of second lieutenant in English ...
(Lieutenant). Shortly after leaving the Lyceum, he had joined a secret youth society, the ; a precursor to the Decembrists. Later, he joined the
Union of Salvation The Union of Salvation (), formed in 1816, also known as the Society of True and Loyal Sons of the Fatherland () since 1817, was the first secret political society of the Decembrists. In 1816, at the initiative of , a group of young officers of ...
. When it was disbanded, he joined the Decembrists (originally known as the Welfare Union). In 1823, after he came into conflict with Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich, he was dismissed from the military and took a position with the Saint Petersburg Court's criminal division. This was followed by service as judge on the Moscow Court of Justice.Kondraty Ryleyev, ''Мемуары декабристов. Северное общество'' (Memoirs of the Decembrists. Northern Society), Издательство МГУ, 1981 At that time, the judiciary was held in little respect by the nobility. In late 1825, he went to Mikhailovsky, a village in
Pskov Oblast Pskov Oblast () is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the west of the country. Its administrative center is the Classification of inhabited localities in Russia, city of Pskov. As of the Russian Census ...
, to tell his friend Pushkin about the existence of the Decembrists. He then went to Saint Petersburg, arriving just in time to take part in the uprising. He narrowly missed being shot on several occasions. The next day, another old friend from the Lyceum, the future statesman
Alexander Gorchakov Prince Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Горчако́в; 15 July 1798 – 11 March 1883) was a Russian diplomat and statesman from the Gorchakov princely family. He has an enduring reput ...
, risked his career to offer him assistance in obtaining a passport for London. He refused, saying he had no right to run away and abandon his comrades. Natan Eidelman, "Прекрасен наш союз" (Our Union is Beautiful), In: ''Молодая гвардия'', 1982 He was arrested, tried by the , and found guilty of participating in an action with regicidal intent. This brought a sentence of death, which was commuted to life imprisonment. That summer, he was taken to
Shlisselburg Fortress The Oreshek Fortress (; Schlüsselburg Fortress, ) is one of a series of fortifications built in Oreshek (now known as Shlisselburg) on Orekhovy Island in Lake Ladoga, near the modern city of Saint Petersburg in Russia. The first fortress was bui ...
. Later, he was transferred to Siberia, where he performed
hard labor ''Hard Labor'' is the eleventh album by American rock band Three Dog Night, released in 1974. For this album, the band replaced long-time producer Richard Podolor with Jimmy Ienner, who was known for his production work with the Raspberries ...
in the villages of Chita and Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky. After twenty years, he was taken to
Turinsk Turinsk () is a town and the administrative center of Turinsky District of Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Tura River midway between Verkhoturye and Tyumen, near its confluence with the Yarlynka, northeast of Yeka ...
(where he supposedly did nothing but read books), then settled in
Yalutorovsk Yalutorovsk () is a town in Tyumen Oblast, Russia, located on the Tobol River southeast of Tyumen. Population: History It was founded in 1659 as the settlement of Yalutorovsky () and was granted town status in 1782. Administrative and munici ...
, where he became involved in agriculture. He also kept in touch with other Decembrists, and tried to help any in need. In 1856, he finally returned from exile. At the request of , the son of
Ivan Yakushkin Ivan Dmitrievich Yakushkin (Russian:Иван Дмитриевич Якушкин; 9 January 1793, Safonovsky District - 23 August 1857, Moscow) was a Russian military officer, Decembrist, and educator. Biography He was born into a noble family, ...
, one of the first Decembrists, he wrote his memoirs, including his recollections of Pushkin. These were published in several parts, in a variety of media, notably the journal, '. In 1857, he married , the widow of a fellow Decembrist, Mikhail Fonvizin, who had died not far from where Pushchin was staying, in Bronnitsky Uyezd. He spent his final years at his brother-in-law's estate, where he died, and was interred at the local cathedral. A street and the regional library in Turinsk have been named after him.


References


Further reading

* V. E. Rudakov, "Пущин, Иван Иванович", In: ''
Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary The ''Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopaedic Dictionary'' (35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large) is a comprehensive multi-volume encyclopaedia in Russian. It contains 121,240 articles, 7,800 images, and 235 maps. It was published in the Russian Em ...
''
Online @ Russian Wikisource)
* Natan Eidelman ''Большой Жанно: Повесть об Иване Пущине'' (Big Jeannot: The Story of Ivan Pushchin), Политиздат, 1982
Online


External links

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pushchin, Ivan 1798 births 1859 deaths Writers from Moscow Decembrists Novelists from the Russian Empire 19th-century writers from the Russian Empire Cooperative organizers 19th-century male writers from the Russian Empire Prisoners of Shlisselburg fortress