Ivan Cherkasov
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Baron Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often Hereditary title, hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than ...
(from 1742) Ivan Antonovich Cherkasov (6 February 1692Dmitry Kornyuschenko, Ekaterina Makeeva. The family of Cherkasovs in the history of Russia of the XVII — XX centuries. Historical genealogical research. Moscow, 2006
/ref> — 30 October 1758) was a Russian statesman, privy councillor,
cabinet secretary A cabinet secretary is usually a senior official (typically a civil servant) who provides services and advice to a cabinet of ministers as part of the Cabinet Office. In many countries, the position can have considerably wider functions and powe ...
to
Peter the Great Peter I (, ; – ), better known as Peter the Great, was the Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince of all Russia, Tsar of all Russia from 1682 and the first Emperor of Russia, Emperor of all Russia from 1721 until his death in 1725. He reigned j ...
,
Catherine I Catherine I Alekseyevna Mikhailova (born Marta Samuilovna Skavronskaya; – ) was the second wife and Empress consort of Peter the Great, whom she succeeded as Emperor of all the Russias, Empress of Russia, ruling from 1725 until her death in 1 ...
and
Elizabeth Petrovna Elizabeth or Elizaveta Petrovna (; ) was Empress of Russia from 1741 until her death in 1762. She remains one of the most popular Russian monarchs because of her decision not to execute a single person during her reign, her numerous constructio ...
. From him comes the baronial clan of Cherkasovs.


Ancestry

Born in the family of Anton Romanovich, who had the nickname "Gus". Information about the father of Ivan Antonovich Cherkasov, reported by the latter during the execution of documents elevating him to baronial dignity, reads: Thus, contrary to popular belief, the name of Cherkasov (from Cherkas, the
Little Russian Little Russia, also known as Lesser Russia, Malorussia, or Little Rus', is a geographical and historical term used to describe Ukraine. At the beginning of the 14th century, the patriarch of Constantinople accepted the distinction between what ...
) was worn by Ivan Antonovich’s father.


Start of service

In 1705, at the age of 13, Ivan Antonovich entered as a ''
podyachy A ''podyachy'' or ''podyachiy'' (; from ) was an office (bureaucratic) profession, occupation in ''prikazes'' (local and upper governmental offices) and lesser local offices of Russia in the 15th to 18th centuries. The ''podyachyes'' were classifi ...
'' of an orderly hut in
Vladimir Vladimir (, , pre-1918 orthography: ) is a masculine given name of Slavic origin, widespread throughout all Slavic nations in different forms and spellings. The earliest record of a person with the name is Vladimir of Bulgaria (). Etymology ...
. He served in Kozlov,
Bezhetsk Bezhetsk () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town and the administrative center of Bezhetsky District in Tver Oblast, Russia, located on the Mologa River at its confluence with the Ostrechina. Population: 20,618 (2024). It was pr ...
Upland,
Uglich Uglich ( rus, У́глич, p=ˈuɡlʲɪtɕ) is a historic town in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located on the Volga River. Population: History The city was first documented in 1148 as ''Ugliche Pole'' (''Corner Field''). The town's name is thou ...
under Prince Gregory
Volkonsky The House of Volkonsky, also spelled Volkonski or Wolkonsky and later times Wlodkowski is an ancient Russian princely family, part of the Russian nobility. History The family claims descent from the Rurik dynasty, in particular from the Princ ...
. In 1710 he entered the clerk of the provincial office in
Arkhangelsk Arkhangelsk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina near its mouth into the White Sea. The city spreads for over along the ...
. From 1711 — in
Moscow Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
, the clerk of the
Kremlin Armoury The Kremlin ArmouryOfficially called the "Armoury Chamber" but also known as the cannon yard, the "Armoury Palace", the "Moscow Armoury", the "Armoury Museum", and the "Moscow Armoury Museum" but different from the Kremlin Arsenal. () is one of ...
. In 1712 he moved to
St. Petersburg Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. The city had a population of 5,601, ...
, starting his service in the capital as clerk under
Alexey Makarov Aleksey Sergeyevich Makarov (; born 20 August 1987) is a Russian beach soccer player currently active as a forward. Career Makarov began his professional beach soccer team in the FC Strogino club. For a short period he played for FC Delta Sa ...
, secret office secretary to Peter I. As an office servant of the monarch, Ivan Cherkasov accompanied Peter on his trips around Russia, fulfilling the duties of
quartermaster Quartermaster is a military term, the meaning of which depends on the country and service. In land army, armies, a quartermaster is an officer who supervises military logistics, logistics and requisitions, manages stores or barracks, and distri ...
. In 1717, together with Peter traveled abroad (in the
Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...
and
France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...
). Gradually he became one of the trustees of Peter I, accompanied him during the
Russo-Persian War The Russo-Persian Wars ( ), or the Russo-Iranian Wars ( ), began in 1651 and continued intermittently until 1828. They consisted of five conflicts in total, each rooted in both sides' disputed governance of territories and countries in the Cauca ...
of 1722–1723. In 1723, for faithful service, he received villages with 280 peasant souls. After the death of Peter the Great, under Catherine I, Cherkasov retained his position, using the trust of the empress. On 5 December 1725 he was appointed as secret office secretary. He was close with Bestuzhevs, entering the party of opponents of
Alexander Menshikov Alexander Menshikov may refer to: * Alexander Danilovich Menshikov (1673–1729), Russian statesman * Alexander Sergeyevich Menshikov (1787–1869), Finnish-Russian nobleman * Alexander Alexandrovich Menshikov Prince Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Mens ...
.


Proscription

After the accession to the throne of Peter II, Menshikov’s positions at the court became even stronger. One of the results of Menshikov's rise was the expulsion of Ivan Cherkasov to Moscow, which took place in an orderly manner on 11 July 1727. Subsequently, despite the fall of Menshikov, Cherkasov’s position did not improve: by the decision of the
Supreme Privy Council The Supreme Privy Council () of Imperial Russia, founded on 19 February 1726 and operative until 1730, originated as a body of advisors to Empress Catherine I. History Originally, the council comprised six members— Alexander Menshikov, Fyodor ...
he was sent as chief inspector to Arkhangelsk, and soon after that he was involved in the case of Princess Agrafena Volkonskaya and other members of the Bestuzhevsky Circle. On 24 May 1728 Ivan Antonovich was interrogated at a meeting of the Supreme Privy Council. However, serious evidence against him was not found, and Cherkasov was exiled to
Astrakhan Astrakhan (, ) is the largest city and administrative centre of Astrakhan Oblast in southern Russia. The city lies on two banks of the Volga, in the upper part of the Volga Delta, on eleven islands of the Caspian Depression, from the Caspian Se ...
"to food affairs", where he was before Elizabeth Petrovna took the throne.The Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron argues that for his commitment to Dolgoruky Cherkasov was banished by
Anna Ioannovna Anna Ioannovna (; ), also russified as Anna Ivanovna and sometimes anglicized as Anne, served as regent of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia from 1711 until 1730 and then ruled as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740. Much of her administratio ...
first to
Kazan Kazan; , IPA: Help:IPA/Tatar, ɑzanis the largest city and capital city, capital of Tatarstan, Russia. The city lies at the confluence of the Volga and the Kazanka (river), Kazanka Rivers, covering an area of , with a population of over 1. ...
, and only then to Astrakhan.


Rise during Elizabeth's rule

Elizaveta Petrovna, who favored her father's comrades-in-arms, called Cherkasov from exile to St. Petersburg, where on 10 December 1741 Ivan Antonovich was granted as
active state councillor Active State Councillor (, deystvitelnyi statskiy sovetnik) was a civil position (class) in the Russian Empire, according to the Table of Ranks introduced by Peter the Great in 1722. That was a civil rank of the 4th class and equal to those of M ...
and appointed at the court of Her Majesty "for the administration of indoor writing affairs". Years after the abolition of the Supreme Privy Council, the new autocrat restored the personal imperial office that existed under Peter I — the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty, where Cherkasov was entrusted with the business, and he began to play a greater role at the court, occupying a position not only of the secretary’s office, but also a close friend of the empress. Through Cherkasov’s hands, practically all matters were carried out, both of national importance and of minor importance (up to the delivery of fresh grapes to the yard and others). Ivan Antonovich was literally showered with the blessings of the Empress: on 6 May 1742, the occasion of the coronation of Elizaveta Petrovna, he was elevated to baronial dignity, in 1744 he was granted villages in the
Dorogobuzh Dorogobuzh (; Belarusian: Дарагабуж) is a historic town and the administrative center of Dorogobuzhsky District in Smolensk Oblast, Russia, straddling the Dnieper River and located east of Smolensk, the administrative center of th ...
Uyezd An uezd (also spelled uyezd or uiezd; rus, уе́зд ( pre-1918: уѣздъ), p=ʊˈjest), or povit in a Ukrainian context () was a type of administrative subdivision of the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, the R ...
of the
Smolensk Governorate Smolensk Governorate () was an administrative-territorial unit ('' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR. It existed, with interruptions, between 1708 and 1929. Smolensk Governorate, together with seven o ...
, and in 1745 Cherkasov was promoted to privy councillors. In 1744, Elizaveta Petrovna, interested in the production of Russian
porcelain Porcelain (), also called china, is a ceramic material made by heating Industrial mineral, raw materials, generally including kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between . The greater strength and translucence of porcelain, relative to oth ...
, commissioned Ivan Cherkasov to organize the Porcelain Manufactory and the subsequent supervision of it. Among the 10 highest dignitaries of the Russian Empire, Ivan Cherkasov also participated in the discussion of the Prussian-Saxon question (the so-called question of the Austrian legacy). On 7 September 1747 by the highest decree, he was invited to a meeting of the College of Foreign Affairs to discuss questions about the situation in
Persia Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) and also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Iraq to the west, Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia to the northwest, the Caspian Sea to the north, Turkmenistan to the nort ...
. Cherkasov's letters to Count
Nikita Panin Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin (; ) was an influential Russian statesman and political mentor to Catherine the Great for the first 18 years of her reign (1762–1780). In that role, he advocated the Northern Alliance, closer ties with Frederick the ...
and others were printed in the Historical Bulletin (1880, Vol. I) and the Russian Archive (1882, Vol. II).


Family

Ivan Antonovich Cherkasov was married to Elena Ivanovich Topilskaya. Children: *Alexander (1728–1788) — President of the Medical Board,
active privy councillor Active Privy Councillor (, deystvitelnyi taynyi sovetnik) was the civil rank (ru: чин / chin) in the Russian Empire, according to the Table of Ranks introduced by Peter the Great in 1722. That was a civil rank of the 2nd class and equal to those ...
; *Ivan (1732–1811) —
Vice admiral Vice admiral is a senior naval flag officer rank, usually equivalent to lieutenant general and air marshal. A vice admiral is typically senior to a rear admiral and junior to an admiral. Australia In the Royal Australian Navy, the rank of Vice ...
; *Catherine, wife of Colonel Yevgraf Tatishchev, the eldest son of
Vasily Tatishchev Vasily Nikitich Tatishchev (sometimes spelt Tatischev; , ; 19 April 1686 – 15 July 1750) was a statesman, historian, philosopher, and ethnographer in the Russian Empire. He is known as the author of a book on Russian history titled ''The His ...
; *Peter, married to Elizabeth Nikolaevna Zherebtsova.


References


Sources


Dmitry Kornyuschenko, Ekaterina Makeeva. The family of Cherkasovs in the history of Russia of the XVII — XX centuries. Historical genealogical research. Moscow, 2006Ivan Antonovich Cherkasov (Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary)
* {{DEFAULTSORT:Cherkasov, Ivan 1692 births 1758 deaths Barons of the Russian Empire