''Ituglanis'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

of small

freshwater fish Freshwater fish are fish species that spend some or all of their lives in bodies of fresh water such as rivers, lakes, ponds and inland wetlands, where the salinity is less than 1.05%. These environments differ from marine habitats in many wa ...

in the

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

Trichomycteridae Trichomycteridae is a family of catfishes commonly known as pencil catfishes or parasitic catfishes. This family includes the candiru fish (''Vandellia cirrhosa''), feared by some people for its alleged habit of entering into the urethra of ...

native to

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere. It can also be described as the southern Subregion#Americas, subregion o ...

. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the

Amazon River basin The Amazon basin is the part of South America drained by the Amazon River and its tributaries. The Amazon drainage basin covers an area of about , or about 35.5 percent of the South American continent. It is located in the countries of Bolivi ...

.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)
''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish from the rio Araguaia basin, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).
''Neotropical Ichthyology, 3 (4): 455–464.'' Most species inhabit leaf litter, with several species living in caves. This genus was first erected for nine

species A species () is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. It is the basic unit of Taxonomy (biology), ...

previously classified in ''

Trichomycterus ''Trichomycterus'' is a genus of fish in the family Trichomycteridae, the largest genus of its family with over 170 species currently described. This genus is native to freshwater habitats in Central and South America. These fish are generally s ...

''.Sarmento-Soares, L.M., Martins-Pinheiro, R.F., Aranda, A.T. & Chamon, C.C. (2006)
''Ituglanis cahyensis'', a new catfish from Bahia, Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).
''Neotropical Ichthyology, 4 (3): 309-318.'' ''Ituglanis'' is believed to be a

monophyletic In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of organisms which meets these criteria: # the grouping contains its own most recent co ...

group. There may be two monophyletic groups within this genus. ''Ituglanis'' is currently considered a member of the subfamily

Trichomycterinae The Trichomycterinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes six genera, '' Bullockia'', '' Hatcheria'', '' Rhizosomichthys'', and '' Eremophilus'', all monotypic, '' Silvinichthys'' with seve ...

though its position as a member of any of the current subfamilies has been questioned.Campos-Paiva, R.M. & Costa, W.J.E.M. (2007)
''Ituglanis paraguassuensis'' sp. n. (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae): a new catfish from the rio Paraguaçu, northeastern Brazil.
''Zootaxa, 1471: 53-59.'' Instead, it has been suggested to be the

sister group In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree. Definition The expression is most easily illustrated by a cladogram: Taxon A and ...

of a large

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

composed of the

Glanapteryginae The Glanapteryginae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes four genera, '' Glanapteryx'', '' Listrura'', '' Pygidianops'', and '' Typhlobelus''. Phylogeny Monophyly of the subfamily is suppo ...

Sarcoglanidinae The Sarcoglanidinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes six genera: '' Ammoglanis'', '' Malacoglanis'', '' Microcambeva'', '' Sarcoglanis'', '' Stauroglanis'', and '' Stenolicmus''. Taxono ...

Stegophilinae The Stegophilinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. It includes 12 genera: '' Acanthopoma'', '' Apomatoceros'', '' Haemomaster'', '' Henonemus'', '' Homodiaetus'', '' Megalocentor'', '' Ochmacanthu ...

, Tridentinae and

Vandelliinae The Vandelliinae are a subfamily of catfishes (order Siluriformes) of the family Trichomycteridae. Vandelliines are hematophagous, feeding on the blood of larger fish. Members of this subfamily may be known as candirú, notorious for occasional ...

Species

There are currently 26 recognized species in this genus: * '' Ituglanis agreste'' S.M. Q. Lima, C. P. Neves & Campos-Paiva, 2013 Lima, S.M.Q., Neves, C.P. & Campos-Paiva, R.M. (2013)
''Ituglanis agreste'', a new catfish from the rio de Contas basin, northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).
''Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (3): 513-524.'' * ''

Ituglanis amazonicus ''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish fro ...

'' (

Steindachner Franz Steindachner (11 November 1834 in Vienna – 10 December 1919 in Vienna) was an Austrian zoologist, ichthyologist, and herpetologist. He published over 200 papers on fishes and over 50 papers on reptiles and amphibians. Steindachner descri ...

, 1882) * ''

Ituglanis apteryx ''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish fro ...

'' Datovo, 2014 Datovo, A. (2014)
A new species of ''Ituglanis'' from the Rio Xingu basin, Brazil, and the evolution of pelvic fin loss in trichomycterid catfishes (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).
''Zootaxa, 3790 (3): 466–476.'' * ''

Ituglanis australis ''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish fro ...

'' Datovo &

de Pinna De Pinna was a high-end clothier for men and women founded in New York City in 1885, by Alfred De Pinna (1831–1915), a Sephardic Jew born in England. They also sold menswear-inspired clothing for women that was finely tailored. The flagship sto ...

, 2014 Datovo, A. & Pinna, M.C.C.d. (2014): A new species of ''Ituglanis'' representing the southernmost record of the genus, with comments on phylogenetic relationships (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). ''Journal of Fish Biology, 84 (2): 314–327.'' * ''

Ituglanis bambui ''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish fro ...

'' Bichuette & Trajano, 2004 * '' Ituglanis boitata'' Ferrer, Donin & L. R. Malabarba, 2015 Ferrer, J., Donin, L.M. & Malabarba, L.R. (2015)
A new species of ''Ituglanis'' Costa & Bockmann, 1993 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) endemic to the Tramandaí–Mampituba ecoregion, southern Brazil.
''Zootaxa, 4020 (2): 375-389.'' * '' Ituglanis boticario'' Rizzato & Bichuette, 2015 Rizzato, P.P. & Bichuette, M.E. (2015)
''Ituglanis boticario'', a new troglomorphic catfish (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Mambaí karst area, central Brazil.
''Zoologia, 31 (6): 577–598.'' * '' Ituglanis cahyensis'' Sarmento-Soares, Martins-Pinheiro,

Aranda Aranda may refer to: Places * Aranda, Village in Goh Block, Aurangabad, Bihar * Aranda, Australian Capital Territory, a suburb in Canberra, Australia, named after the Arrernte or Aranda Indigenous people * Aranda (comarca), a ''comarca'' (county) ...

& Chamon, 2006 * '' Ituglanis crispim'' Laura M. Donin, Mário C. C. de Pinna, William Severi and Telton P. A. Ramos. 2023Laura M. Donin, Mário C. C. de Pinna, William Severi and Telton P. A. Ramos. 2023. Filling in A Biogeographic Gap: the First Trichomycteridae from the Parnaíba River Basin (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae). Neotrop. ichthyol. 21(2); DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2023-0018 * '' Ituglanis eichhorniarum'' ( A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1912) Koerber, S. & Azpelicueta, M.d.l.M. (2014)
Correction of the spelling of ''Trichomycterus eichhorniarum'' Miranda Ribeiro, 1912 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae).
''Zootaxa, 3852 (5): 599-599.'' * '' Ituglanis epikarsticus'' Bichuette & Trajano, 2004 * ''

Ituglanis goya ''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish fro ...

'' Datovo, P. P. U. Aquino & Langeani, 2016 Datovo, A., Aquino, P.d.P.U.d. & Langeani, F.(2016): A new species of ''Ituglanis'' (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Tocantins and Paranaíba river basins, central Brazil, with remarks on the systematics of the genus. ''Zootaxa, 4171 (3): 439–458.'' * '' Ituglanis gracilior'' ( C. H. Eigenmann, 1912) * ''

Ituglanis guayaberensis ''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family (biology), family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', ...

'' ( Dahl, 1960) * '' Ituglanis herberti'' ( P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1940) * ''

Ituglanis ina ''Ituglanis'' is a genus of small freshwater fish in the family Trichomycteridae native to South America. Their greatest diversity seems to occur in the Amazon River basin.Datovo, A. & Landim, M.I. (2005)''Ituglanis macunaima'', a new catfish fro ...

'' Wosiacki, Dutra &

Mendonça Mendonça () is a Portuguese and Galician surname of Basque origin. It sometimes appears as the anglicized forms ''Mendonca'' or ''Mendonsa''. The Spanish variant is Mendoza. The name has been often linked with royalty. The name may refer to: ...

, 2012 Wosiacki, W.B., Dutra, G.M. & Mendonça, M.B. (2012)
Description of a new species of ''Ituglanis'' (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from Serra dos Carajás, rio Tocantins basin.
''Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (3): 547-554.'' * '' Ituglanis laticeps'' ( Kner, 1863) * '' Ituglanis macunaima'' Datovo & Landim, 2005 * '' Ituglanis mambai'' Bichuette & Trajano, 2008 * '' Ituglanis metae'' ( C. H. Eigenmann, 1917) * '' Ituglanis nebulosus''

& Keith, 2003 * '' Ituglanis paraguassuensis'' Campos-Paiva & W. J. E. M. Costa, 2007 * '' Ituglanis parahybae'' ( C. H. Eigenmann, 1918) * '' Ituglanis parkoi'' ( P. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1944) * '' Ituglanis passensis'' L. A. Fernández & Bichuette, 2002 * '' Ituglanis proops'' ( A. Miranda-Ribeiro, 1908) * '' Ituglanis ramiroi'' Bichuette & Trajano, 2004

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5023132 Trichomycteridae Catfish of South America Catfish genera Freshwater fish genera