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Isothermal flow is a model of compressible fluid flow whereby the flow remains at the same
temperature Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness. Temperature is measurement, measured with a thermometer. It reflects the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms making ...
while flowing in a conduit.Shapiro, A.H., ''The Dynamics and Thermodynamics of Compressible Fluid Flow, Volume 1'', Ronald Press, 1953. In the model,
heat In thermodynamics, heat is energy in transfer between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings by such mechanisms as thermal conduction, electromagnetic radiation, and friction, which are microscopic in nature, involving sub-atomic, ato ...
transferred through the walls of the conduit is offset by
friction Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other. Types of friction include dry, fluid, lubricated, skin, and internal -- an incomplete list. The study of t ...
al heating back into the flow. Although the flow temperature remains constant, a change in stagnation temperature occurs because of a change in velocity. The interesting part of this flow is that the flow is choked at 1/\sqrt and not at
Mach number The Mach number (M or Ma), often only Mach, (; ) is a dimensionless quantity in fluid dynamics representing the ratio of flow velocity past a boundary to the local speed of sound. It is named after the Austrian physicist and philosopher Erns ...
equal to one as in the case of many other model such as
Fanno flow In fluid dynamics, Fanno flow (after Italian engineer Gino Girolamo Fanno) is the adiabatic flow through a constant area duct where the effect of friction is considered. Compressibility effects often come into consideration, although the Fanno ...
. This fact applies to real gases as well as ideal gases. For the important practical case of a
gas Gas is a state of matter that has neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape and is a compressible fluid. A ''pure gas'' is made up of individual atoms (e.g. a noble gas like neon) or molecules of either a single type of atom ( elements such as ...
flow through a long tube, the model has applicability in situations where distance is relatively long and heat transfer is relatively rapid so temperature can be treated, for engineering purposes, as a constant. This model also has applicability as upper boundary to Fanno flow.


See also

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Fanno flow In fluid dynamics, Fanno flow (after Italian engineer Gino Girolamo Fanno) is the adiabatic flow through a constant area duct where the effect of friction is considered. Compressibility effects often come into consideration, although the Fanno ...
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Isentropic process An isentropic process is an idealized thermodynamic process that is both Adiabatic process, adiabatic and Reversible process (thermodynamics), reversible. The work (physics), work transfers of the system are friction, frictionless, and there is ...
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Rayleigh flow In fluid dynamics, Rayleigh flow (after English physicist Lord Rayleigh) refers to frictionless, non- adiabatic fluid flow through a constant-area duct where the effect of heat transfer is considered. Compressibility effects often come into co ...


References

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External links


Fundamentals of compressible Flow
Fluid dynamics