Ironwood is a common name for many

wood Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic materiala natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of ligni ...

s or plants that have a reputation for hardness, or specifically a wood density that is heavier than water (approximately 1000 kg/m³, or 62 pounds per cubic foot), although usage of the name ironwood in English may or may not indicate a tree that yields such heavy wood.

Some of the species with their common name

* '' Acacia aulacocarpa'' (Brush ironwood) * ''

Acacia estrophiolata ''Acacia estrophiolata'', commonly known as ironwood, southern ironwood, desert ironwood or utjanypa, is a tree native to Central Australia. Description It is a graceful, pendulous shade tree, which grows from about tall and has a trunk with a ...

'' (Southern ironwood), central Australia * '' Acacia excelsa'' (Ironwood) * ''

Acacia melanoxylon ''Acacia melanoxylon'', commonly known as the Australian blackwood, is an ''Acacia'' species native in South eastern Australia. The species is also known as Blackwood, hickory, mudgerabah, Tasmanian blackwood, or blackwood acacia. The tree belo ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Acacia stenophylla'' (Ironwood), Australia * ''

Aegiphila martinicensis ''Aegiphila'' is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae, first described in 1763. It was formerly classified in the Verbenaceae. It is native to Mexico, Central America, South America, the West Indies, and Florida.Fran ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Afzelia africana ''Afzelia africana'', the African mahogany, afzelia, lenke, lengue, apa, or doussi, is a tree species in the family Fabaceae. Range It occurs in Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, DRCongo, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Androstachys johnsonii'' (Lebombo ironwood), southeastern Africa and

Madagascar Madagascar (; mg, Madagasikara, ), officially the Republic of Madagascar ( mg, Repoblikan'i Madagasikara, links=no, ; french: République de Madagascar), is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately off the coast of East Africa ...

* ''

Allagoptera caudescens ''Allagoptera caudescens'' is a species of flowering plant in the palm family endemic to Brazil, where it is known as buri palm.Uhl, Natalie W. and Dransfield, John (1987) ''Genera Palmarum - A classification of palms based on the work of Harold ...

'', ''

Borassus flabellifer ''Borassus flabellifer'', commonly known as doub palm, palmyra palm, tala or tal palm, toddy palm, wine palm or ice apple, is native to South Asia (especially in Bangladesh & South India) and Southeast Asia. It is reportedly naturalized in Socot ...

'', '' Caryota urens'', '' Iriartea deltoidea'' Black Palm, Palmira wood (Black ironwood) * '' Argania spinosa'' (Morocco ironwood, Thorny, Prickly ironwood) * ''

Astronium fraxinifolium ''Astronium fraxinifolium'' is a timber tree, which is native to Amazon Rainforest, Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, and Cerrado vegetation in Brazil. Common names include kingwood, locustwood, tigerwood, and zebrawood. It is known in Portuguese as Go ...

'', '' Astronium urundeuva'' (Ironwood) * '' Backhousia bancroftii'' (Bancroft's ironwood) * '' Backhousia citriodora'' (Lemon ironwood), northeastern Australia * ''

Backhousia myrtifolia ''Backhousia myrtifolia'' (commonly referred to as ''carrol, neverbreak, iron wood, grey myrtle'' or ''cinnamon myrtle'') is a small rainforest tree species which grows in subtropical rainforests of Eastern Australia. First discovered and su ...

'' (Carrol ironwood, Ironwood) * ('' Backhousia subargentea'' Syn.: ''Choricarpia subargentea'') (Giant ironwood), eastern Australia * ''

Bridelia micrantha ''Bridelia micrantha'', the mitzeeri or the coastal golden-leaf, is a tree in the family Phyllanthaceae and is native to tropical and southern Africa as well as to the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. Description A medium to tall tree (u ...

'' (Benin or Yoruba ironwood), '' Bridelia atroviridis'' (Yoruba ironwood) * ''

Carpinus caroliniana ''Carpinus caroliniana'', the American hornbeam, is a small hardwood tree in the genus ''Carpinus''. American hornbeam is also known as blue-beech, ironwood, musclewood and muscle beech. It is native to eastern North America, from Minnesota an ...

'' American hornbeam (Ironwood, Blue-beech ironwood, Smooth-barked ironwood), eastern North America *

Casuarinaceae The Casuarinaceae are a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants placed in the order Fagales, consisting of four genera and 91 species of trees and shrubs native to eastern Africa, Australia, Southeast Asia, Malesia, Papuasia, and the Pacific ...

, She-oaks in general, Southeast Asia (Australian ironwood) ** ''

Allocasuarina ''Allocasuarina'' is a genus of trees in the flowering plant family Casuarinaceae. They are endemic to Australia, occurring primarily in the south. Like the closely related genus '' Casuarina'', they are commonly called sheoaks or she-oaks. ...

'' spp.; '' Allocasuarina luehmannii'', '' Allocasuarina torulosa'', '' Allocasuarina inophloia'' (Ironwood), '' Allocasuarina verticillata'' (Long-leaved, Longleaf ironwood, Highland or Mountain ironwood) ** '' Casuarina cunninghamiana'' (Small-cone ironwood, Australian coast ironwood, River-oak ironwood) ** '' Casuarina equisetifolia'' Toa (Beach, Coast ironwood, Pacific, Sea, South Sea or Polynesian ironwood or Short-leaf and False ironwood, Lowland Ironwood), native from

Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

south to Australia ** '' Casuarina cristata'' (Ironwood) ** ''

Casuarina glauca ''Casuarina glauca'', commonly known as the swamp she-oak, swamp oak, grey oak, or river oak, is a species of ''Casuarina'' native to the east coast of Australia. It is found from central Queensland south to southern New South Wales. It has becom ...

'' (Long-leaf Ironwood, Saltmarsh Ironwood, Blue ironwood) ** ''

Casuarina stricta ''Allocasuarina verticillata'', commonly known as drooping she-oak or drooping sheoak, is a nitrogen fixing native tree of southeastern Australia. Originally collected in Tasmania and described as ''Casuarina verticillata'' by French naturalist ...

'' (Highland ironwood, Fodder ironwood) ** ''

Casuarina junghuhniana ''Casuarina junghuhniana'', the mountain ru or red-tipped ru, is a she-oak species of the genus '' Casuarina'' that originated in Java and Lesser Sunda Islands. The species has been introduced to Pakistan and Bangladesh. Description ''Casu ...

'' (Mountain Ironwood) * (''

Cenostigma pluviosum ''Cenostigma'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. ''Cenostigma pluviosa'' is being investigated as a possible antimalarial medication. Species ''Cenostigma'' comprises the follow ...

'' Syn.: ''Caesalpinia pluviosa'') (Bolivian ironwood) * ''

Cercocarpus ''Cercocarpus'', commonly known as mountain mahogany, is a small genus of at least nine species of nitrogen-fixing flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae. They are native to the western United States and northern Mexico, where they grow i ...

'' spp. (Ironwood), '' Cercocarpus betuloides'' (Mountain ironwood) * ''

Chionanthus battiscombei ''Chionanthus'' , common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into te ...

'' (Water pock ironwood, Small-fruited ironwood, Water Ornate-leaf(ved) ironwood) * ''

Chionanthus caymanensis ''Chionanthus'' , common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north int ...

'' (Ironwood, Cayman ironwood) * '' Chioanthus compactus'' (White ironwood) * ''

Chionanthus panamensis ''Chionanthus'' , common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north int ...

'', ''

Chionanthus ligustrinus ''Chionanthus'' , common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into te ...

'' (Pine ridge ironwood) * ''

Chionanthus peglerae ''Chionanthus'' , common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 150 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae. The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into te ...

'' (Bastard black ironwood or Giant pock ironwood and Pegler's bastard ironwood, Large-leaved ironwood) * ('' Citharexylum flexuosum'' Syn.: '' Citharexylum spinosum'') (White ironwood) * ''

Cliftonia monophylla ''Cliftonia monophylla'', the buck-wheat tree, buckwheat tree or black titi, is a tree native to the southeastern United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Coccoloba pubescens'' (Broad-leaved ironwood) * ''

Colophospermum mopane ''Colophospermum mopane'', commonly called mopane, mopani, balsam tree, butterfly tree, or turpentine tree, is a tree in the legume family (Fabaceae), that grows in hot, dry, low-lying areas, in elevation, in the far northern parts of southern ...

'' (Black ironwood, Rhodesian ironwood) * '' Colubrina elliptica'' (Ironwood, Martinique ironwood), ''

Colubrina arborescens ''Colubrina'' is a genus of about 30 species of flowering plants in the family Rhamnaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Africa, the Americas, southern Asia, northern Australia, and the Indian Ocean islands. Common names inclu ...

'' (West Indian ironwood) * ''

Combretum imberbe ''Combretum imberbe'' (leadwood, af, hardekool, st, mohwelere-tšhipi, ts, motswiri/mondzo, zu, impondondlovu) is a characteristic and often impressive bushwillow species of the southern Afrotropics. The medium to large tree has a sparse, s ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Cordia subcordata ''Cordia subcordata'' is a species of flowering tree in the borage family, Boraginaceae, that occurs in eastern Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, northern Australia and the Pacific Islands (including Hawaii). The plant is known by a variet ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Cossinia pinnata'' (Judas ironwood) * ''

Cryptocarya lauriflora ''Cryptocarya'' is a genus of evergreen trees belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The genus includes more than 350 species, distributed through the Neotropical, Afrotropical, Indomalayan, and Australasian realms. Overview The genus i ...

'' (Borneo ironwood), ''

Cryptocarya ferrea ''Cryptocarya'' is a genus of evergreen trees belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The genus includes more than 350 species, distributed through the Neotropical, Afrotropical, Indomalayan, and Australasian realms. Overview The genus i ...

'' (Java ironwood) * '' Cynometra alexandri'' (Uganda ironwood), central and east Africa * ''

Cyrilla racemiflora ''Cyrilla racemiflora'', the sole species in the genus ''Cyrilla'', is a flowering plant in the family Cyrillaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas, from the southeastern United States (coastal areas from southeaster ...

'' (Ironwood, Swamp ironwood) * ''

Dalbergia melanoxylon ''Dalbergia melanoxylon'' (African blackwood, grenadilla, or mpingo) is a flowering plant in the family Fabaceae, native to seasonally dry regions of Africa from Senegal east to Eritrea and south to the north-eastern parts of South Africa. The ...

'' (African ironwood) * ''

Dialium guianense ''Dialium guianense'' is a species of tree in the flowering plant family Fabaceae. The species occurs through both Central America and South America, and was an important source of food and wood for the ancient Mayans. Common names In English ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Diploglottis australis'' Syn.: ''Diploglottis cunninghamii'') (Australian, New Holland ironwood) * ''

Distylium racemosum ''Distylium racemosum'', the isu tree, is a species of flowering plant in the family Hamamelidaceae. It is native to subtropical eastern Asia; central and southern Japan, the Ryukyu Islands, South Korea ( Jeju Island), southeastern China, Taiwan, ...

'' (Japanese ironwood) * ''

Drypetes gerrardii ''Drypetes gerrardii'' is a species of small tree or large shrub in the family Putranjivaceae. Common names include forest ironplum, bastard white ironwood, and forest ironwood. It is native to tropical and subtropical central and eastern Africa. ...

'' (Bastard white ironwood, Forest ironwood) * '' Erythrophleum chlorostachys'' Steelwood (Cooktown ironwood, Red or Northern ironwood, Leguminous ironwood, Poisonous ironwood), native to northern Australia * ''

Erythroxylum areolatum ''Erythroxylum'' (''Erythroxylon'') is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine,Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wil ...

'' (Cartagena ironwood, Jamaica ironwood) * ''

Eucalyptus ''Eucalyptus'' () is a genus of over seven hundred species of Flowering plant, flowering trees, shrubs or Mallee (habit), mallees in the Myrtaceae, myrtle Family (biology), family, Myrtaceae. Along with several other genera in the Tribe (biology) ...

'' spp. (Australian ironwood) * ''

Eugenia confusa ''Eugenia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. It has a worldwide, although highly uneven, distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. The bulk of the approximately 1,100 species occur in the New World tropics, ...

'' (Red berry ironwood, Tropical ironwood) * '' Eusideroxylon zwageri'' (Borneo ironwood, Chinese ironwood, Real or True ironwood), southeast Asia * ''

Exostema caribaeum ''Exostema'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It consists of trees and shrubs, endemic to the neotropics, with most of the species occurring in the West Indies. Description ''Exostema'' is a genus of neotropical trees and ...

'' (Bastard ironwood) * '' Exothea paniculata'' (Ironwood) * '' Fagraea fragrans'' (Sumatra or Java ironwood) * ''

Fagara lentiscifolia ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyl ...

'' (Bastard ironwood) * '' Forestiera pubescens'' (Ironwood) * ''Forestiera pubescens'' var. ''parvifolia'' (New Mexican ironwood) * '' Genipa americana'' (Brazilian ironwood) * ''

Gordonia haematoxylon Gordonia may refer to: Biology * ''Gordonia'' (plant), a genus of flowering plants native to Southeast Asia and the Americas * ''Gordonia'' (bacterium), a genus of bacteria * ''Gordonia'' (synapsid), an extinct animal from the Permian Other uses * ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Gossia bidwillii'' (Smooth-barked ironwood, Scrub ironwood), ''

Gossia acmenoides ''Gossia acmenoides'', known as the scrub ironwood, is a rainforest tree of the family Myrtaceae, native to eastern Australia. The usual habitat of this small tree is drier rainforest areas. The range of natural distribution is from Jamberoo in ...

'' (Scrub ironwood), ''

Gossia dulcis ''Gossia'' is a genus of rainforest trees in the myrtle family first described as a genus in 2003. It is native to northeastern Australia (Queensland and New South Wales) as well as several islands of Papuasia and New Caledonia. The name honour ...

'' (Ironwood), '' Gossia floribunda'' (Cape ironwood), '' Gossia myrsinocarpa'' (Malanada ironwood) * ''

Gymnanthes lucida ''Gymnanthes lucida'', commonly known as shiny oysterwood or crabwood, is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae, that is native to southern Florida in the United States, the Bahamas, the Caribbean, Mexico, and Centr ...

'' (Narrow-leaf ironwood) * ('' Gymnostoma nodiflorum'' Syn.: ''Casuarina nodiflora '') (Knot-flowered ironwood) * ('' Gymnostoma papuanum'' Syn.: ''Casuarina papuana'') (Papuan ironwood) * (''

Gymnostoma sumatranum ''Gymnostoma sumatranum'' is a tree in the she-oak family, Casuarinaceae, native to Southeast Asia and the Malesia region. Distribution Areas where the tree is native include Burma, Sumatra, Borneo, Java, Kalimantan, Malaysia, Sulawesi (Indones ...

'' Syn.: Casuarina sumatrana) (Ironwood) * ''

Handroanthus ''Handroanthus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Bignoniaceae.David J. Mabberley. 2008. ''Mabberley's Plant-Book'' third edition (2008). Cambridge University Press: UK. It consists of 30 species of trees, known in Latin America by ...

'' spp. formerly ''Tabebuia'' spp.; ''

Handroanthus heptaphyllus ''Handroanthus heptaphyllus'', commonly referred to as the pink trumpet tree or pink tab, is a Bignoniaceae tree native to tropical and subtropical regions of South America. It grows in the high forest watershed of the Paraná River The Par ...

'', '' Handroanthus serratifolius'' etc., Ipê, Brazilian walnut, Lapacho, Yellow poui (Ironwood) * '' Heritiera trifoliolata'' Black stavewood, ''

Heritiera actinophylla ''Argyrodendron actinophyllum'' is a large rainforest tree, native to eastern Australia. Common names include black booyong, blackjack, blush tulip oak, crowsfoot elm and Mackay tulip oak. The heartwood is coloured pink-brown. One of the most d ...

'' Stavewood (Ironwood) * ''

Holodiscus discolor ''Holodiscus discolor'', commonly known as ocean spray or oceanspray, creambush, or ironwood, is a shrub of western North America. Description ''Holodiscus discolor'' is a fast-growing deciduous shrub usually from to in height, and up to ...

'' Oceanspray (Ironwood), western North America * ''

Homalium dentatum ''Homalium'' is a genus of plants in the family Salicaceae. Species Species include: * '' Homalium acuminatum'' * ''Homalium betulifolium'' * '' Homalium brevidens'' * ''Homalium buxifolium'' * '' Homalium ceylanicum'' * '' Homalium coch ...

'', '' Homalium letestui'' (Brown ironwood), ''

Homalium rufescens ''Homalium rufescens'' is a species of plant in the family Salicaceae. It is endemic to South Africa. References Flora of South Africa rufescens Least concern plants Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Salicaceae-stub ...

'' (Small-leaved brown ironwood), ''

Homalium abdessammadii ''Homalium'' is a genus of plants in the family Salicaceae. Species Species include: * ''Homalium acuminatum'' * '' Homalium betulifolium'' * ''Homalium brevidens'' * '' Homalium buxifolium'' * ''Homalium ceylanicum'' * ''Homalium cochinc ...

'' (Zambezi brown ironwood) * ''

Hopea odorata ''Hopea odorata'', or ta-khian ( th, ตะเคียน), is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is found in Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. It is a large tree reaching up to 45 ...

'', ''

Hopea parviflora ''Hopea parviflora'' is a species of plant in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to India. It is called 'kampakam' or 'thampakam' in Malayalam and கோங்கு 'vellaikongu' or 'irubogam' in Tamil. ''Hopea parviflora'' is a tree gr ...

'' (Malabar, Ceylon ironwood) * '' Hypelate trifoliata'' (White ironwood) * ''

Ilex mitis ''Ilex mitis'' (commonly called Cape holly, African holly, waterboom or umDuma) is a tall, dense, evergreen tree that is indigenous to Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. It makes an excellent fast-growing hedge for gardens - growing tall, str ...

'' (Lance-leaved ironwood, Smooth or Mild, Unarmed ironwood) * '' Inhambanella henriquesii'' (Rock, Water or Small ironwood) * ''

Intsia bijuga ''Intsia bijuga'', commonly known as Borneo teak, Johnstone River teak, Kwila, Moluccan ironwood, Pacific teak, scrub mahogany and vesi, is a species of flowering tree in the family Fabaceae, native to the Indo-Pacific. It ranges from Tanzania a ...

'', '' Intsia palembanica'' (Moluccan, Madagascar ironwood) * ''

Ixora ferrea ''Ixora'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is the only genus in the tribe Ixoreae. It consists of tropical evergreen trees and shrubs and holds around 544 species. Though native to the tropical and subtropical ar ...

'' (Ironwood, West Indian ironwood, Martinique ironwood, Red ironwood, Three-flowered ironwood) * '' Jacquinia keyensis'' (Ironwood) * ''

Krugiodendron ferreum ''Krugiodendron ferreum'', commonly known as the black ironwood or leadwood, is a species of tree in the family Rhamnaceae. It is found in southern Florida, throughout the Caribbean and from southern Mexico to Honduras. Originally described b ...

'' (Black ironwood, Caribbean or Guadeloupe ironwood), Caribbean * ('' Libidibia ferrea'' Syn.: 'Caesalpinia ferrea'') (Brazilian ironwood), Brazil * ''

Lignum vitae Lignum vitae () is a wood, also called guayacan or guaiacum, and in parts of Europe known as Pockholz or pokhout, from trees of the genus '' Guaiacum''. The trees are indigenous to the Caribbean and the northern coast of South America (e.g: Co ...

''; '' Guaiacum officinale'', '' Guaiacum sanctum'' and Argentine, Paraguay Lignum Vitae, Verawood '' Bulnesia arborea'' also als Maracaibo Lignum Vitae and '' Bulnesia sarmientoi'' (Ironwood) * ''

Lophira alata ''Lophira alata'', commonly known as azobé, ekki or the red ironwood tree, is a species of plant in the family Ochnaceae. It is found in Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, G ...

'' (West African ironwood, (Small) Red ironwood, Dwarf (red) ironwood, Dryzone (red) ironwood), western and central Africa * '' Lophira lanceolata'' ((Dwarf) Red ironwood) * '' Lyonothamnus floribundus'' (Catalina or Western ironwood, Island or Santa Cruz (Island) Ironwood, Lyon's Ironwood or Fern-leaved ironwood), in the rose family,

Channel Islands of California The Channel Islands () are an eight-island archipelago located within the Southern California Bight in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of California. The four Northern Channel Islands are part of the Transverse Ranges geologic province, ...

* '' Manilkara hexandra'' (Ceylon ironwood) * '' Manilkara kauki'' (Moluccan ironwood) * ''

Mesua ferrea ''Mesua ferrea'', the Ceylon ironwood, or cobra saffron, is a species in the family Calophyllaceae. This slow-growing tree is named after the heaviness and hardness of its timber. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental due to its graceful sh ...

'' (Sri Lankan or Ceylon and Assam ironwood, East Indian Ironwood), southern and southeastern Asia * ''

Metrosideros ''Metrosideros'' is a genus of approximately 60 trees, shrubs, and vines mostly found in the Pacific region in the family Myrtaceae. Most of the tree forms are small, but some are exceptionally large, the New Zealand species in particular. The ...

'' spp. all Species (Ironwood), ''

Metrosideros umbellata ''Metrosideros umbellata'', the southern rātā, is a tree endemic to New Zealand. It grows up to or more tall with a trunk up to or more in diameter. It produces masses of red flowers in summer. Unlike its relative, northern rātā, this spe ...

'' (New Zealand Ironwood), '' Metrosideros kermadecensis'' (Real or True ironwood) * ''

Millettia grandis ''Millettia grandis'' is a species of plant in the family Fabaceae from South Africa. It is commonly called umzimbeet which is a name derived from the isiZulu name umSimbithwa. Distribution These trees are found in coastal regions of KwaZulu-N ...

'' (Kafir ironwood) * ''

Minquartia guianensis ''Minquartia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the Olacaceae family containing the single species ''Minquartia guianensis'' (also called black manwood or huambula). It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Frenc ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Mouriri myrtilloides ''Mouriri'' is a genus of plants in the family Melastomataceae. Species include: * ''Mouriri completens'', (Pitt.) Burret * ''Mouriri gleasoniana'', Standl. * ''Mouriri laxiflora'', Morley * ''Mouriri panamensis'', Morley * ''Mouriri guianens ...

'' (Small-leaved ironwood) * '' Myoporum obscurum'' (Bastard ironwood) * '' Myracrodruon urundeuva'' (Ironwood) * ''

Nestegis apetala ''Nestegis apetala'' is a small tree native to northern New Zealand and to Norfolk Island. The common names in New Zealand are coastal maire or broad-leaved maire. On Norfolk Island, the common name is ironwood. The species name ''apetala'' ref ...

'' (Bastard ironwood),

New Zealand New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 List of islands of New Zealand, smaller islands. It is the ...

and

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island. Together w ...

* '' Notelaea ligustrina'' (Tasmanian ironwood, New-South-Wales ironwood) * '' Notelaea longifolia'' (Norfolk-Island ironwood) * (''

Noronhia foveolata ''Noronhia'' is a genus of 40 known species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae, all but one native to Madagascar, the remaining species native to the Comoros Islands north of Madagascar.University of Oxford, Oleaceae information site''Nor ...

'' Syn.: '' Chionanthus foveolatus'') (Pock ironwood, Bastard ironwood or Cape pock ironwood, Bastard, Forest pock ironwood, Ornate-leaf(ved), Fine-leaved ironwood) native to southern Africa * ''

Ochna holstii ''Ochna''Linnaeus C (1753) ''Sp. Pl.'' 1: 513. is a genus comprising 86 species of evergreen trees, shrubs and shrublets belonging to the flowering plant family ''Ochnaceae''. These species are native to tropical woodlands of Africa, the Mascare ...

'' (Red ironwood) * '' Oldfieldia africana'' (West African ironwood) * ''

Olea capensis ''Olea capensis'', the black ironwood, is an African tree species in the olive family Oleaceae. It is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa: from the east in Somalia, Ethiopia and Sudan, south to the tip of South Africa, and west to Cameroon, Sierra ...

'' (''Bastard'' Black, Forest, Bushveld or False, Bastard ironwood, South African ironwood, Small and Olive ironwood, East African ironwood),

Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...

* ''

Olea woodiana ''Olea woodiana'', known commonly as the forest olive or black ironwood ( Afrikaans: ''Bosolienhout''), is an African tree species belonging to the olive family ( Oleaceae). The tree grows in lower altitude hill forests from Kenya, Tanzania, ...

'' (Black ironwood), eastern and southern Africa * ''

Olinia ventosa ''Olinia ventosa'', commonly known as the hard-pear. is a large, evergreen forest tree indigenous to South Africa. Appearance The hard-pear is a large tree that usually grows to 15–20 meters in height. When exposed to harsh conditions, it f ...

'' (Sproutful ironwood) * ''

Olneya tesota ''Olneya tesota'' is a perennial flowering tree of the family Fabaceae, legumes (peas, beans, etc.), which is commonly known as ironwood, desert ironwood, or palo fierro in Spanish. It is the only species in the monotypic genus ''Olneya''. This ...

'' (desert ironwood, Arizona or Sonora ironwood, Mexican ironwood) * '' Ostrya knowltonii'' Knowlton's or Western hophornbeam (Canyon ironwood, Western Ironwood) * ''

Ostrya virginiana ''Ostrya virginiana'', the American hophornbeam, is a species of '' Ostrya'' native to eastern North America, from Nova Scotia west to southern Manitoba and eastern Wyoming, southeast to northern Florida and southwest to eastern Texas. Populatio ...

'' Hophornbeam, (North-American, American ironwood, Canadian ironwood, Rough-barked ironwood, Eastern ironwood) * ''Palicourea cardiomorpha'' subsp. ''cardiomorpha'' (Panicled-flowered ironwood) * ''

Parrotia persica ''Parrotia persica'', the Persian ironwood, is a deciduous tree in the family Hamamelidaceae, closely related to the witch-hazel genus ''Hamamelis''. It is native to Iran's Caspian region (where it is called ) and Iranian Azerbaijan (where it ...

'' (Persian ironwood, Transcaucasian ironwood) * ''

Parrotia subaequalis ''Parrotia persica'', the Persian ironwood, is a deciduous tree in the family Hamamelidaceae, closely related to the witch-hazel genus ''Hamamelis''. It is native to Iran's Caspian region (where it is called ) and Iranian Azerbaijan (where it i ...

'' (Chinese ironwood) * '' Paubrasilia echinata'' (Ironwood) * '' Peltophorum rufum'' (Cochinchina ironwood) * '' Pemphis acidula'' (Maldivian ironwood) * ''

Picrodendron baccatum ''Picrodendron'' is a genus of plant belonging to the family Picrodendraceae described as a genus in 1859. ''Picrodendron'' contains only one known species, ''Picrodendron baccatum'', native to the West Indies ( Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Cub ...

'' (Black ironwood) * '' Planchonella costata'' (Bastard ironwood) * ''

Planchonella obovata ''Planchonella'' is a genus of flowering trees in the gutta-percha family, Sapotaceae. Named in honour of Jules Émile Planchon, it contains around 100 mainly tropical species, two of which occur in South America and about 18 in Australasia. I ...

'' (Silvery ironwood, Obovate ironwood) * ''

Prosopis juliflora ''Prosopis juliflora'' ( es, bayahonda blanca, Cuji Venezuela, Trupillo Colombia, Aippia Wayuunaiki and long-thorn kiawe in Hawaii) is a shrub or small tree in the family Fabaceae, a kind of mesquite. It is native to Mexico, South America ...

'', '' Prosopis glandulosa'' (Texas ironwood), '' Prosopis kuntzei'', ''

Prosopis africana ''Prosopis africana'' is a flowering plant species in the genus Fabaceae. It is found in Africa. Its common names include African mesquite, iron tree, ''gele'' ( Malinke) (traditional djembe wood) or ''somb'' tree. In the Serer creation myth, i ...

'' (Ironwood) Mesquite * ''

Prunus africana ''Prunus africana'', the African cherry, has a wide distribution in Africa, occurring in montane regions of central and southern Africa and on the islands of Bioko, São-Tomé, Grande Comore, and Madagascar. It can be found at above sea level. I ...

'' (Ironwood) * Quebracho ''

Schinopsis ''Schinopsis'' is a genus of South American trees in the family Anacardiaceae, also known by the common names quebracho, quebracho colorado and red quebracho. In Brazil it is known as ''baraúna'' or ''braúna''. Description The species within t ...

'' spp.; ''

Schinopsis brasiliensis ''Schinopsis brasiliensis'' is a species of flowering plant in the cashew family known by the common names ''baraúna'' or ''braúna''.Cardoso, M. P., et al. (2005)A new alkyl phenol from ''Schinopsis brasiliensis''.''Natural Product Research'' ...

'', '' Schinopsis balansae'', ''

Schinopsis lorentzii ''Schinopsis lorentzii'' is a hardwood tree known as red quebracho, native of the Paraguayan subtropical area, which forms forests in Gran Chaco region of Argentina, in Paraguay, and Bolivia. Some of its common names are ''coronillo'', ''quebrach ...

'' and ''

Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco ''Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco'', commonly known as Quebracho blanco, kebrako, or white quebracho, is a South American tree species, native to Brazil, northern Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. It must not be confused with other ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Rhodamnia acuminata ''Rhodamnia'' is a group of rainforest trees and shrubs in the myrtle family described as a genus in 1822.Govaerts, R., Sobral, N., Ashton, P., Barrie, F., Holst, B.K., Landrum, L.L., Matsumoto, K., Fernanda Mazine, F., Nic Lughadha, E., Proenç ...

'' (Cooloola ironwood) * ''Rhodomyrtus trineura'' var. ''canescens'' (Crater ironwood), ''

Rhodomyrtus pervagata ''Rhodomyrtus'' is a group of shrubs and trees in the family Myrtaceae described as a genus in 1841. The genus is native to southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, Melanesia, and Australia. Its greatest levels of diversity are o ...

'' (Rusty ironwood) * '' Rapanea melanophloeos'' (Laurel-leaved ironwood) * ''

Rauvolfia sandwicensis ''Rauvolfia sandwicensis'', the devil's-pepper, also known as ''hao'' in the Hawaiian language, is a species of flowering plant in the milkweed family, Apocynaceae, that is endemic to Hawaii. It is a shrub A shrub (often also called a ...

'' (Hawaiian ironwood) * ''

Reynosia septentrionalis ''Reynosia'' is a genus of plant in family ''Rhamnaceae''. Darlingplum is a common name for this genus. Species include: * ''Reynosia affinis'' Urb. & Ekman * ''Reynosia barbatula'' M.C.Johnst. & Lundell * ''Reynosia camagueyensis'' Britton * ' ...

'' (Red ironwood) * ''

Rothmannia capensis ''Rothmannia capensis'' is a South African tree belonging to the Rubiaceae, usually about 5 m high in the open, but reaching 20 m under forest conditions. It occurs from the south-western Cape Province along the coastal regions and in ...

'' (Black ironwood, Cape of Good Hope ironwood) * ''

Schleichera oleosa ''Schleichera'' is a monotypic genus of plants in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. There is only one species, ''Schleichera oleosa'', a tree that occurs in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Species ''Schleichera oleosa'', kusum tr ...

'' (Ironwood) * ''

Senegalia intsia ''Senegalia'' (from Senegal and ''Acacia senegal'' (L.) Willd.) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the Mimosoid clade. Until 2005, its species were considered members of ''Acacia.'' The genus was considered polyp ...

'' (Indian ironwood) * ''

Senegalia muricata ''Senegalia'' (from Senegal and ''Acacia senegal'' (L.) Willd.) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It belongs to the Mimosoid clade. Until 2005, its species were considered members of '' Acacia.'' The genus was considered pol ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Senegalia tenuifolia'' (Antillean ironwood) * '' Senna siamea'' (Indonesian or Indian ironwood) * ''

Sideroxylon ''Sideroxylon'' is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753. They are collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (''sideros''), meaning "iron", and ...

'' spp. (Ironwood); ** ''

Sideroxylon inerme ''Sideroxylon inerme'' (aMasethole or white milkwood, af, wit-melkhout, xh, Ximafana, zu, Umakhwelafingqane) is a Southern African coastal tree, with dense foliage, black berries and small, foetid, greenish flowers. The tree's generic name mea ...

'' (Smooth or White ironwood, Broad-leaved, Unarmed ironwood, Cape or East African ironwood) ** ''

Sideroxylon lanuginosum ''Sideroxylon lanuginosum'' is a shrub or small tree of the family Sapotaceae. It is native to the Sun Belt and Midwest of the United States as well as Northeastern Mexico. Common names include gum bully, black haw, chittamwood, chittimwood, shi ...

'' or Gum bully (Ironwood) ** ''

Sideroxylon lycioides ''Sideroxylon lycioides'', the buckthorn bully, is a small tree in the family Sapotaceae. It is widely distributed in the southeastern United States from Texas to southeast Virginia. The fruit pulp is thin but edible and consumed by birds. Li ...

'' (American ironwood, Canada thorny ironwood, Willow-leaved, Boxthorn-leaved ironwood, Ten-threaded, Decandrous ironwood, Bumelia ironwood) ** ''

Sideroxylon tenax ''Sideroxylon tenax'', called the tough bully, is a plant species native to Florida, Georgia, South Carolina )'' Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no) , anthem = "Carolina";" South Carolina On My ...

'' (Silky(-leaved) ironwood, Silvery-leaved ironwood) ** '' Sideroxylon celastrinum'' (Ironwood) ** '' Sideroxylon cinereum'' (White ironwood, Bourbon or Mauritius ironwood) ** '' Sideroxylon foetidissimum'' (Opposite-leaved ironwood) ** ''

'' (Woolly-leaved ironwood) ** ''

Sideroxylon reclinatum ''Sideroxylon reclinatum'', the Florida bully, is a small tree in the family Sapotaceae. It occurs locally in the southeastern United States. Subspecies * ''Sideroxylon'' subsp. ''austrofloridense'' * ''Sideroxylon'' subsp. ''reclinatum'' * ...

'' (Reclined ironwood) * '' Sloanea dentata'' (Black ironwood, Broad-leaf ironwood) * ''

Sloanea jamaicensis ''Sloanea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising about 150 species. Species include: * '' Sloanea acutiflora'' Uittien * '' Sloanea assamica'' Rehder & E. Wilson * ''Sloanea australis'' Benth. & F.Muell., an A ...

'', ''

Sloanea sinemariensis ''Sloanea'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Elaeocarpaceae, comprising about 150 species. Species include: * ''Sloanea acutiflora'' Uittien * ''Sloanea assamica'' Rehder & E. Wilson * '' Sloanea australis'' Benth. & F.Muell., an A ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Stadmania'' spp. (Ironwood, ''Bois de fer'', Mauritius ironwood), '' Stadmania oppositifolia'' (Bourbon ironwood) * '' Swartzia'' spp.; '' Swartzia tomentosa'' (Cayenne ironwood), '' Swartzia bannia'', ''

Swartzia bidentata ''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...

'', '' Swartzia leiocalycina'', ''

Swartzia ingifolia ''Swartzia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae. It was named in honor of Swedish botanist Olof Swartz and contains about 200 species. ''Swartzia'' is restricted in its geographical distribution to the New World Tropics, wher ...

'', '' Swartzia grandifolia'', '' Swartzia panacoco'' (Guiana ironwood) etc. (Ironwood, South American ironwood, Suriname ironwood) * '' Terminalia canescens'' (Ironwood) * '' Tetragastris balsamifera'' (West Indian ironwood) * ''

Thouinia striata ''Thouinia'' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Sapindaceae. The genus is named for André Thouin, a French botanist.Trichilia hirta'' (Bastard ironwood) * ''

Tristaniopsis laurina ''Tristaniopsis laurina'', the water gum or kanooka, is a tree species native to Australia. It usually grows near the eastern coastline and along the banks of streams, where the trunks and branches tend to be shaped in the direction of the cu ...

'' (Canungra ironwood) * ''

Vachellia farnesiana ''Vachellia farnesiana'', also known as ''Acacia farnesiana'', and previously ''Mimosa farnesiana'', commonly known as sweet acacia, huisache, or needle bush, is a species of shrub or small tree in the legume family, Fabaceae. Its flowers are us ...

'' (Ironwood) * '' Vepris lanceolata'' (White ironwood), ''

Vepris reflexa ''Vepris'' is a genus of plant in family Rutaceae. It comprises around 90 species, mainly from tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands and at a lesser extent Arabia and India. Species , Plants of the World Online (PoWO) accepted th ...

'' (Woodland white ironwood, Bushveld white ironwood, Drooping or Rock white ironwood), '' Vepris undulata'' (White ironwood), '' Vepris carringtoniana'' (Coastal white ironwood, Wing-leaved white ironwood), '' Vepris zambesiaca'' (Rare white ironwood), ''

Vepris termitaria ''Vepris'' is a genus of plant in family Rutaceae. It comprises around 90 species, mainly from tropical Africa, Madagascar and the Mascarene Islands and at a lesser extent Arabia and India. Species , Plants of the World Online (PoWO) accepted t ...

'' (Riverine white ironwood) native to South Africa * '' Vernonia angustifolia'' (Narrow-leaf ironwood) * '' Vernonia gigantea'' (Oval-leaved ironwood) * ''

Xanthostemon verdugonianus ''Xanthostemon verdugonianus'', commonly known as mangkono or Philippine ironwood, is a species of plant in the family Myrtaceae. It is endemic to the islands of the Visayas, Palawan, and northeastern Mindanao. It is valued for its extremely dur ...

'' or Mangkono (Philippine ironwood) endemic to the Philippines, ''

Xanthostemon verus ''Xanthostemon'' is a genus of trees and shrubs, constituting part of the myrtle plant family Myrtaceae. This genus was first described in 1857 by German–Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller. According to different official sources between ...

'' (Asian or Moluccan, Real or True ironwood) * '' Xantolis tomentosa'' (Armed ironwood, Felty, Woolly, Downy-leaved ironwood) * ''

Xylia xylocarpa ''Xylia xylocarpa'' is a species of tree in the mimosoid clade of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae of the family Fabaceae. Description and properties This perennial tree is very conspicuous in the flowering season owing to its bright yellow fl ...

'' (Burma ironwood or Myanmar ironwood) * '' Zanthoxylum fagara'' (Bastard, False ironwood, Yellow ironwood, Jamaica, Brazilian ironwood, Intended-leaved American ironwood) * ''

Zanthoxylum piperitum ''Zanthoxylum piperitum'', also known as Japanese pepper or Japanese prickly-ash is a deciduous aromatic spiny shrub or small tree of the citrus and rue family Rutaceae, native to Japan and Korea. It is called sanshō () in Japan and chopi () ...

'' (Crenated-leaved ironwood) * ''

Zanthoxylum tragodes ''Zanthoxylum'' is a genus of about 250 species of deciduous and evergreen trees, shrubs and climbers in the family Rutaceae that are native to warm temperate and subtropical areas worldwide. It is the type genus of the tribe Zanthoxyl ...

'' (Prickly-leaved American ironwood) * ''

Zapoteca tetragona Zapotec () or zapoteca may refer to: Cultures and languages * Zapotec civilization, a historical indigenous pre-Columbian civilization and archaeological culture of central Mexico * Zapotec languages, a group of closely related indigenous Mesoam ...

'' (Antillean ironwood)

Plants named ironwood

Acacia estrophiolata habit.jpg, ''

'' Acacia-stenophylla-flowers.jpg, '' Acacia stenophylla'' flowers American Hornbeam Leaves 600.jpg, ''

'' leaves Casuarina equesitifolia tree.jpg, '' Casuarina equisetifolia'' subsp. ''incana'' Chionanthus foveolatus - Pock Ironwood Tree - Cape Town 6.jpg, '' Chionanthus foveolatus'' leaves Eusideroxylon zwageri.JPG, '' Eusideroxylon zwageri'' leaves Holodiscus discolor 3007.JPG, ''

'' flowers PAU-FERROceret10.jpg, '' Libidibia ferrea'' Lyonothamnus floribundus floribundus.jpg, '' Lyonothamnus floribundus'' MesuaFerrea IronWood.jpg, ''

'' NestegisApetala.jpg, ''

'' Olea capensis - Ironwood Tree - Cape Town 2.jpg, ''

'' Olea woodiana, KwaZulu-Natal NBT, PMB.jpg, ''

References

{{Plant common name Wood Trees

Some of the species with their common name

Plants named ironwood

See also

References