Subgenus ''Limniris'' is one subgenus of beardless irises, which don't have hairs on their drooping
sepal
A sepal () is a part of the flower of angiosperms (flowering plants). Usually green, sepals typically function as protection for the flower in bud, and often as support for the petals when in bloom., p. 106
Etymology
The term ''sepalum'' ...
s, also called their ''fall''s.
'Limniris' is derived from the
Latin
Latin ( or ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic languages, Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally spoken by the Latins (Italic tribe), Latins in Latium (now known as Lazio), the lower Tiber area aroun ...
for marsh or living-in-lakes iris, or pond iris. This refers to the fact that most species can be grown in moist habitats for part of the year.
It was originally described by
Tausch in Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch (Deutsche Botaniker) in 1841.
Ãdouard Spach
Ãdouard Spach (23 November 1801 â 18 May 1879) was a French botanist.
The son of a merchant in Strasbourg, in 1824 he went to Paris, where he studied botany with René Desfontaines (1750â1831) and Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu (1748â1836). H ...
made changes 1846 in Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. (Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique).
It was divided into
section
Section, Sectioning, or Sectioned may refer to:
Arts, entertainment and media
* Section (music), a complete, but not independent, musical idea
* Section (typography), a subdivision, especially of a chapter, in books and documents
** Section sig ...
s, 'Limniris', which is further divided down to about 16
series
Series may refer to:
People with the name
* Caroline Series (born 1951), English mathematician, daughter of George Series
* George Series (1920â1995), English physicist
Arts, entertainment, and media
Music
* Series, the ordered sets used i ...
, and 'Lophiris' (also known as 'Evansias' or crested iris).
They are both
polyphyletic
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage that includes organisms with mixed evolutionary origin but does not include their most recent common ancestor. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as Homoplasy, homoplasies ...
.
It has 45 species, which are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere.
[
It is a group that has been recognized with few changes since Dykes's 1913 monograph on the genus ''Iris''. Lawrence (1953), Rodionenko (1987) and then ]Mathew
Mathew is a masculine given name and a variant of Matthew. It is also used as a surname.
As a given name
Notable people with the given name include:
* Mathew Baynton (born 1980), English actor and comedian
* Mat Erpelding (born 1975), Americ ...
(1989) all tried to modify the group.[Rina Kamenetsky, Hiroshi Okubo (Editors)]
Various authors have tried to classify the list in various ways. It is still undergoing study and variations.[
]
Taxonomy
Section ''Limniris''
(listed alphabetically)
''Series Californicae'' Pacific Coast irises
*'' Iris bracteata'' – Siskiyou iris
*'' Iris chrysophylla'' – Yellow-leaved iris
*''Iris douglasiana
''Iris douglasiana'', the Douglas iris, is a common wildflower of the coastal regions of Northern and Central California and southern Oregon in the United States. It grows mainly at lower elevations, below , though it is occasionally found at hei ...
'' – Douglas iris
''Iris douglasiana'', the Douglas iris, is a common wildflower of the coastal regions of Northern and Central California and southern Oregon in the United States. It grows mainly at lower elevations, below , though it is occasionally found at hei ...
*'' Iris fernaldii'' – Fernald's iris
*'' Iris hartwegii'' – Hartweg's iris, rainbow iris, Sierra iris
*'' Iris innominata'' – Del Norte iris
*'' Iris macrosiphon'' – Bowltube iris
*'' Iris munzii'' – Munz's iris, Tulare lavender iris
*'' Iris purdyi'' – Purdy's iris
*'' Iris tenax'' – Tough-leaved iris, Oregon iris
*'' Iris tenuissima'' Dykes – (Long-tubed iris)
''Series Chinenses'' (from east Asia)
*'' Iris henryi'' Baker
*'' Iris koreana'' Nakai
*'' Iris minutoaurea'' Makino
*'' Iris odaesanensis'' Y.N.Lee
*'' Iris proantha'' Diels
*'' Iris rossii'' Baker
*'' Iris speculatrix'' Hance
''Series Ensatae''
*'' Iris lactea'' Pall.
''Series Foetidissimae''
*'' Iris foetidissima'' L. – Stinking iris, Gladwin iris, stinking gladwin, gladdon, roast-beef plant
''Series Hexagonae''
(known as the Louisiana irises)
*'' Iris brevicaulis'' Raf. – Zigzag iris
*'' Iris fulva'' Ker-Gawl. – Copper iris
*'' Iris giganticaerulea'' – Giant blue iris, giant blue flag
*'' Iris hexagona'' Walt. – Dixie iris
*'' Iris nelsonii'' Randolph – (Abbeville iris)
*'' Iris savannarum'' Small – Prairie iris
''Series Laevigatae''
(which includes the Japanese irises)
*'' Iris ensata'' Thunb. – Japanese iris, '' hanashÅbu'' (Japanese
Japanese may refer to:
* Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia
* Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan
* Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture
** Japanese diaspor ...
) (including ''I. kaempferi'')
*'' Iris laevigata'' Fisch – Rabbitear iris, shallow-flowered iris, ''kakitsubata
''Iris laevigata'', known as Japanese iris, rabbit-ear iris, or shallow-flowered iris (Japanese: ã«ãããã¿), is a species of flowering plant in the family (botany), family Iridaceae, native species, native to Japan. It is related to other ...
'' (Japanese)
*'' Iris maackii'' Maxim.
*''Iris pseudacorus
''Iris pseudacorus'', the yellow flag, yellow iris, or water flag, is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is native to Europe, western Asia and northwest Africa. Its specific epithet ''pseudacorus'' means "false acorus", r ...
'' L. – Yellow iris, yellow flag
*'' Iris versicolor'' L. – Larger blue flag, harlequin blueflag
*'' Iris virginica'' L. – Virginia iris
''Series Longipetalae''
(Rocky Mountain or long-petaled iris)
*'' Iris longipetala'' Herb. â (Coast iris)
*''Iris missouriensis
''Iris missouriensis'' (syn. ''I. montana'') is a Hardiness (plants), hardy flowering rhizome, rhizomatous species of the genus ''Iris (plant), Iris'', in the family (biology), family Iridaceae. Its common names include western blue flag, Rocky ...
'' – Rocky Mountain iris
''Iris missouriensis'' (syn. ''I. montana'') is a hardy flowering rhizomatous species of the genus '' Iris'', in the family Iridaceae. Its common names include western blue flag, Rocky Mountain iris,Donald Wyman and Missouri flag.
It is native ...
, Western blue flag
''Series Prismaticae''
(contains just one species from America)
*'' Iris prismatica'' Pursh ex Ker-Gawl. – (Slender blue flag)
''Series Ruthenicae''
*'' Iris ruthenica'' Ker-Gawl.
*'' Iris uniflora'' Pall.
''Series Sibiricae''
(Siberian irises)
*'' Iris bulleyana'' Dykes
*'' Iris chrysographes'' – Black iris
*'' Iris clarkei'' Baker
*'' Iris delavayi'' Micheli
*'' Iris forrestii ''Dykes
*''Iris sanguinea
''Iris sanguinea'' is a rhizome, rhizomatous flowering plant in the genus ''Iris (plant), Iris'' and in the series ''Iris ser. Sibiricae, Sibiricae''. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperateness, temperate regions. It is one of the s ...
'' Hornem. ex Donn – Blood iris, '' ayame'' (Japanese)
*'' Iris sibirica'' – Siberian iris
*''Iris typhifolia
''Iris typhifolia'' is a species in the genus ''Iris (plant), Iris'', also the subgenus ''Iris subg. Limniris, Limniris'' and in the series ''Iris ser. Sibiricae, Sibiricae''. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous plant, herbaceous perennial plant, pere ...
'' Kitag.
*'' Iris wilsonii'' C.H.Wright
''Series Spuriae''
*'' Iris brandzae'' Prod.
*'' Iris crocea'' Jacquem. ex R.C.Foster (including ''I. aurea'')
*'' Iris graminea'' L.
*'' Iris halophila'' Pall.
**'' Iris halophila var. sogdiana'' (Bunge) Grubov
*'' Iris kerneriana'' Asch. & Sint.
*'' Iris ludwigii'' Maxim.
*'' Iris notha'' M.Bieb.
*'' Iris orientalis'' Mill. – (Yellow-banded iris)
*'' Iris pontica'' Zapal.
*'' Iris pseudonotha'' Galushko
*'' Iris sintenisii'' Janka
*'' Iris spuria'' – Blue iris
''Iris spuria'', or blue flag, is a species of the genus Iris, part of the subgenus '' Limniris'' and the series '' Spuriae''. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Europe, Asia and Africa. It has purple or lilac flowers, and slender, elong ...
**'' Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae'' (Fomin) B.Mathew
**'' Iris spuria subsp. demetrii'' (Achv. & Mirzoeva) B.Mathew
**'' Iris spuria subsp. maritima'' (Dykes) P.Fourn.
**'' Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica'' (Fomin) Takht.
*'' Iris xanthospuria'' B.Mathew & T.Baytop
''Series Syriacae''
(species with swollen leaf bases and spiney bristles)
*'' Iris grant-duffii'' Baker
*'' Iris masia'' Foster
''Series Tenuifoliae''
(mostly semi-desert plants)
*'' Iris anguifuga ''Y.T.Zhao & X.J.Xue
*'' Iris bungei'' Maxim.
*'' Iris cathayensis'' Migo
*'' Iris farreri'' Dykes
*'' Iris kobayashii'' Kitag.
*'' Iris loczyi'' Kanitz
*'' Iris qinghainica'' Y.T.Zhao
*'' Iris songarica'' Schrenk
*'' Iris tenuifolia'' Pall.
*'' Iris ventricosa'' Pall.
''Series Tripetalae''
(mostly having three petals)
*'' Iris hookeri ''Penny – (Hooker's iris)
*'' Iris setosa'' Pallas ex Link – (Beachhead iris)
*'' Iris tridentata'' Pursh – (Savanna iris)
''Series Unguiculares''
*'' Iris lazica'' Albov
*'' Iris unguicularis'' Poir.
''Series Vernae''
(contains just one species from America)
*'' Iris verna'' L. – Dwarf violet iris
Section ''Lophiris''
Otherwise known as 'Evansias' or crested iris.
*'' Iris confusa''
*'' Iris cristata''
*'' Iris formosana''
*'' Iris japonica''
*''Iris lacustris
''Iris lacustris'', the dwarf lake iris, is a plant species in the genus '' Iris'', subgenus '' Limniris'' and in the section ''Lophiris'' (crested irises). It is a rhizomatous, beardless perennial plant, native to the Great Lakes region of eas ...
''
*'' Iris latistyla''
*'' Iris milesii''
*'' Iris subdichotoma''
*'' Iris tectorum'' (Wall iris)
*'' Iris tenuis'' (Clackamas iris)
*'' Iris wattii''
References
Sources
* ''The Iris'', by Brian Mathew, Batsford, 1989, 256 pages, 38 colour photos, 32 b/w photos, 16 illustrations,
External list
Clark University's classification of ''Iris''
{{Taxonbar, from=Q6070409
Iris (plant)
Plant subgenera