''Iris maackii'' is a species in the genus ''
Iris
Iris most often refers to:
*Iris (anatomy), part of the eye
* Iris (color), an ambiguous color term
*Iris (mythology), a Greek goddess
* ''Iris'' (plant), a genus of flowering plants
* Iris (given name), a feminine given name, and a list of peopl ...
''; it is also in the subgenus ''
Limniris'' and in the series ''
Laevigatae''. It is a
rhizomatous
In botany and dendrology, a rhizome ( ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow hori ...
perennial
In horticulture, the term perennial ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the year") is used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. It has thus been defined as a plant that lives more than 2 years. The term is also ...
, from China and eastern Russia. It has sword-shaped grey-green leaves, and has many branched flowering stems that carry flowers in May that come in various shades of yellow.
Description
''Iris maackii'' has a thick rhizome.
[
It has sword-shaped grey-green leaves, which grow up to 18" long][ (or between 20 and 45 cm long and about 1 cm wide).][ The leaves have a fan-like appearance.][
It has several branched flowering stems (or scape) which can reach about tall in May.][ The flowers come in various shades of yellow, from creamy-yellow,][ to yellow,][ and are about 5 cm (2 in) in diameter,][ with a perianth tube of 1 cm long. It has yellow anthers on long stamens.][
Between June and August, it sets seed. The capsules are ellipsoid-cylindric (6–9 cm long and 1.5 cm wide). They have 6 ribs and end in a beak-like point. Inside are maroon brown seeds that are about 7 × 5 mm in size.][ The seed heads can be another garden feature of the plant.][
]
Taxonomy
It was first published (and described) by Karl Maximovich
Carl Johann Maximovich, also Karl Ivanovich Maximovich (Russian language, Russian: Карл Иванович Максимович; 23 November 1827 – 16 February 1891) was a Russian botanist. Maximovich spent most of his life studying the flor ...
in ''Bulletin de l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg'' in 1880. It was published as ''Limniris maackii'' in ''Botanicheskii Zhurnal'' (published in Moscow
Moscow is the Capital city, capital and List of cities and towns in Russia by population, largest city of Russia, standing on the Moskva (river), Moskva River in Central Russia. It has a population estimated at over 13 million residents with ...
& Leningrad
Saint Petersburg, formerly known as Petrograd and later Leningrad, is the List of cities and towns in Russia by population, second-largest city in Russia after Moscow. It is situated on the Neva, River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland ...
) on 18 Apr 2007, but this was classed as a synonym of ''Iris maackii'', whose name was accepted by Nina Alexeyeva in her book of 2008 ''Genus Iris L.'', written in Russian and published in the journal ''Turczaninowia''.
It is known as 乌苏里鸢尾 or wu su li yuan wei in China.specific epithet
In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin gramm ...
''maackii'', refers to the Russian explorer and naturalist Richard Otto Maack.
The original collection consisted of seed pods only, later named as a synonym of ''Iris laevigata
''Iris laevigata'', known as Japanese iris, rabbit-ear iris, or shallow-flowered iris (Japanese: カキツバタ), is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae, native to Japan. It is related to other members of '' Iris'' subgenus '' ...
'' before being re-classified as a species.United States Department of Agriculture
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an executive department of the United States federal government that aims to meet the needs of commercial farming and livestock food production, promotes agricultural trade and producti ...
and the Agricultural Research Service
The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). ARS is one of four agencies in USDA's Research, Education and Economics mission area. ARS is charged with ext ...
on 4 April 2003, then updated on 10 March 2017.Kew Gardens
Kew Gardens is a botanical garden, botanic garden in southwest London that houses the "largest and most diverse botany, botanical and mycology, mycological collections in the world". Founded in 1759, from the exotic garden at Kew Park, its li ...
in the UK, it is thought to be very similar to ''Iris laevigata'', especially its seeds and capsules. The Kew botanists currently call it ''Iris maackii'', due to no other acceptable name.
Distribution and habitat
''Iris maackii'' is native
Native may refer to:
People
* '' Jus sanguinis'', nationality by blood
* '' Jus soli'', nationality by location of birth
* Indigenous peoples, peoples with a set of specific rights based on their historical ties to a particular territory
** Nat ...
to China and Russia.[
]
Range
It is located on moist soils near ponds and lakes from northeastern China into eastern Russia.Iris typhifolia
''Iris typhifolia'' is a species in the genus ''Iris (plant), Iris'', also the subgenus ''Iris subg. Limniris, Limniris'' and in the series ''Iris ser. Sibiricae, Sibiricae''. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous plant, herbaceous perennial plant, pere ...
'', it can be found near to the Amur River
The Amur River () or Heilong River ( zh, s=黑龙江) is a perennial river in Northeast Asia, forming the natural border between the Russian Far East and Northeast China (historically the Outer and Inner Manchuria). The Amur ''proper'' is ...
and Ussuri River
The Ussuri ( ; ) or Wusuli ( ) is a river that runs through Khabarovsk and Primorsky Krais, Russia and the southeast region of Northeast China in the province of Heilongjiang. It rises in the Sikhote-Alin mountain range, flowing north and for ...
swamps, along the Russian/Chinese border.[ Also near East ]Heilongjiang
Heilongjiang is a province in northeast China. It is the northernmost and easternmost province of the country and contains China's northernmost point (in Mohe City along the Amur) and easternmost point (at the confluence of the Amur and Us ...
, Liaoning
)
, image_skyline =
, image_alt =
, image_caption = Clockwise: Mukden Palace in Shenyang, Xinghai Square in Dalian, Dalian coast, Yalu River at Dandong
, image_map = Liaoning in China (+all claims hatched).svg
, ...
in China.[
]
Habitat
It is found in damp places near ponds and lakes at altitudes of between near sea level,[ rising up to 300 m (above sea level).][
]
Cultivation
It can be seen at the Arboretum and Botanical Garden, University of Bergen
The University of Bergen () is a public university, public research university in Bergen, Norway. As of 2021, the university had over 4,000 employees and 19,000 students. It was established by an act of parliament in 1946 consolidating several sci ...
, Norway
Norway, officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic countries, Nordic country located on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of the Kingdom of ...
.
It is listed in ''Forest Vegetation of Northeast Asia''.[Jirí Kolbek, Miroslav Srutek and Elgene E. O. Box (Editors) ]
It is similar to ''Iris pseudacorus
''Iris pseudacorus'', the yellow flag, yellow iris, or water flag, is a species of flowering plant in the family Iridaceae. It is native to Europe, western Asia and northwest Africa. Its specific epithet ''pseudacorus'' means "false acorus", r ...
'', in cultivation use and form.[ It is ]hardy
Hardy may refer to:
People
* Hardy (surname)
* Hardy (given name)
* Hardy (singer), American singer-songwriter Places Antarctica
* Mount Hardy, Enderby Land
* Hardy Cove, Greenwich Island
* Hardy Rocks, Biscoe Islands
Australia
* Hardy, ...
to USDA
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an United States federal executive departments, executive department of the Federal government of the United States, United States federal government that aims to meet the needs of commerc ...
Zone 6.[
]
References
Sources
* Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 143.
* Alexeyeva, N. (2008). Genus Iris L. (Iridaceae) in the Russia. Turczaninowia 11(2): 5–68.
* Komarov, V.L. (ed.) (1935). Flora SSSR 4: 1–586. Izdatel'stov Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad.
External links
*
Image of white version of Iris maackii
{{Taxonbar, from=Q10878189
maackii
Flora of Manchuria
Flora of the Russian Far East
Garden plants of North America
Plants described in 1880
Taxa named by Karl Maximovich